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Ferreira PMP, Ramos CLS, Filho JIAB, Conceição MLP, Almeida ML, do Nascimento Rodrigues DC, Porto JCS, de Castro E Sousa JM, Peron AP. Laboratory and physiological aspects of substitute metazoan models for in vivo pharmacotoxicological analysis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03437-5. [PMID: 39298017 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
New methods are essential to characterize the performance of substitute procedures for detecting therapeutic action(s) of a chemical or key signal of toxicological events. Herein, it was discussed the applications and advantages of using arthropods, worms, and fishes in pharmacological and/or toxicology assessments. First of all, the illusion of similarity covers many differences between humans and mice, remarkably about liver injury and metabolism of xenobiotics. Using invertebrates, especially earthworms (Eisenia fetida), brine shrimps (Artemia salina, Daphnia magna), and insects (Drosophila melanogaster) and vertebrates as small fishes (Oryzias latipes, Pimephales promelas, Danio rerio) has countless advantages, including fewer ethical conflicts, short life cycle, high reproduction rate, simpler to handle, and less complex anatomy. They can be used to find contaminants in organic matters and water and are easier genetically engineered with orthologous-mutated genes to explore specific proteins involved in proliferative and hormonal disturbances, chemotherapy multidrug resistance, and carcinogenicity. As multicellular embryos, larvae, and mature organisms, they can be tested in bigger-sized replication platforms with 24-, 96-, or 384-multiwell plates as cheaper and faster ways to select hit compounds from drug-like libraries to predict acute, subacute or chronic toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy parameters of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and personal care products. Meanwhile, sublethal exposures are designed to identify changes in reproduction, body weight, DNA damages, oxidation, and immune defense responses in earthworms and zebrafishes, and swimming behaviors in A. salina and D. rerio. Behavioral parameters also give specificities on sublethal effects that would not be detected in zebrafishes by OECD protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64049-550, Brazil.
| | - Carla Lorena Silva Ramos
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - José Ivo Araújo Beserra Filho
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Micaely Lorrana Pereira Conceição
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Mateus Lima Almeida
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Jhonatas Cley Santos Porto
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Toxicological Genetics Research Laboratory (Lapgenic), Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Peron
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology (Labecotox), Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, 87301-899, Brazil
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Yost RT, Scott AM, Kurbaj JM, Walshe-Roussel B, Dukas R, Simon AF. Recovery from social isolation requires dopamine in males, but not the autism-related gene nlg3 in either sex. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240604. [PMID: 39086833 PMCID: PMC11288677 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Social isolation causes profound changes in social behaviour in a variety of species. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms modulating behavioural responses to social isolation and social recovery remain to be elucidated. Here, we quantified the behavioural response of vinegar flies to social isolation using two distinct protocols (social space preference and sociability, the spontaneous tendencies to form groups). We found that social isolation increased social space and reduced sociability. These effects of social isolation were reversible and could be reduced after 3 days of group housing. Flies with a loss of function of neuroligin3 (orthologue of autism-related neuroligin genes) with known increased social space in a socially enriched environment were still able to recover from social isolation. We also show that dopamine (DA) is needed for a response to social isolation and recovery in males but not in females. Furthermore, only in males, DA levels are reduced after isolation and are not recovered after group housing. Finally, in socially enriched flies mutant for neuroligin3, DA levels are reduced in males, but not in females. We propose a model to explain how DA and neuroligin3 are involved in the behavioural response to social isolation and its recovery in a dynamic and sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryley T. Yost
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Judy M. Kurbaj
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Reuven Dukas
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, Animal Behaviour Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne F. Simon
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Nourse JB, Russell SN, Moniz NA, Peter K, Seyfarth LM, Scott M, Park HA, Caldwell KA, Caldwell GA. Integrated regulation of dopaminergic and epigenetic effectors of neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2210712120. [PMID: 36745808 PMCID: PMC9963946 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210712120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-exome sequencing of Parkinson's disease (PD) patient DNA identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the tyrosine nonreceptor kinase-2 (TNK2) gene. Although this kinase had a previously demonstrated activity in preventing the endocytosis of the dopamine reuptake transporter (DAT), a causal role for TNK2-associated dysfunction in PD remains unresolved. We postulated the dopaminergic neurodegeneration resulting from patient-associated variants in TNK2 were a consequence of aberrant or prolonged TNK2 overactivity, the latter being a failure in TNK2 degradation by an E3 ubiquitin ligase, neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated-4 (NEDD4). Interestingly, systemic RNA interference protein-3 (SID-3) is the sole TNK2 ortholog in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, where it is an established effector of epigenetic gene silencing mediated through the dsRNA-transporter, SID-1. We hypothesized that TNK2/SID-3 represents a node of integrated dopaminergic and epigenetic signaling essential to neuronal homeostasis. Use of a TNK2 inhibitor (AIM-100) or a NEDD4 activator [N-aryl benzimidazole 2 (NAB2)] in bioassays for either dopamine- or dsRNA-uptake into worm dopaminergic neurons revealed that sid-3 mutants displayed robust neuroprotection from 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) exposures, as did AIM-100 or NAB2-treated wild-type animals. Furthermore, NEDD4 activation by NAB2 in rat primary neurons correlated to a reduction in TNK2 levels and the attenuation of 6-OHDA neurotoxicity. CRISPR-edited nematodes engineered to endogenously express SID-3 variants analogous to TNK2 PD-associated SNPs exhibited enhanced susceptibility to dopaminergic neurodegeneration and circumvented the RNAi resistance characteristic of SID-3 dysfunction. This research exemplifies a molecular etiology for PD whereby dopaminergic and epigenetic signaling are coordinately regulated to confer susceptibility or resilience to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Brucker Nourse
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487
| | - Shannon N. Russell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487
| | - Nathan A. Moniz
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487
| | - Kylie Peter
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487
| | - Lena M. Seyfarth
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487
| | - Madison Scott
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487
| | - Han-A Park
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487
- Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487
| | - Kim A. Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487
- Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Nathan Shock Center of Excellence for Research in the Basic Biology of Aging, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294
| | - Guy A. Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487
- Center for Convergent Bioscience and Medicine, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Nathan Shock Center of Excellence for Research in the Basic Biology of Aging, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294
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