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Ismail IN, Subramaniam PK, Chi Adam KB, Ghazali AB. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for Airway Analysis: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1917. [PMID: 39272702 PMCID: PMC11394605 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14171917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has emerged as a promising tool for the analysis of the upper airway, leveraging on its ability to provide three-dimensional information, minimal radiation exposure, affordability, and widespread accessibility. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in CBCT for airway analysis has shown improvements in the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosing and managing airway-related conditions. This review aims to explore the current applications of AI in CBCT for airway analysis, highlighting its components and processes, applications, benefits, challenges, and potential future directions. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on studies published in the last decade that discuss AI applications in CBCT airway analysis. Many studies reported the significant improvement in segmentation and measurement of airway volumes from CBCT using AI, thereby facilitating accurate diagnosis of airway-related conditions. In addition, these AI models demonstrated high accuracy and consistency in their application for airway analysis through automated segmentation tasks, volume measurement, and 3D reconstruction, which enhanced the diagnostic accuracy and allowed predictive treatment outcomes. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in the integration of AI into clinical workflows. Furthermore, variability in AI performance across different populations and imaging settings necessitates further validation studies. Continued research and development are essential to overcome current challenges and fully realize the potential of AI in airway analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzati Nabilah Ismail
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Diagnosis, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Pram Kumar Subramaniam
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Diagnosis, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Bariah Chi Adam
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Diagnosis, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Badruddin Ghazali
- Oral Radiology Unit, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Diagnosis, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
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Fontenele RC, Picoli FF, Pinto JC, Coudyzer W, de Faria Vasconcelos K, Farias Gomes A, Binst J, Jacobs R. Feasibility of photon-counting computed tomography as a novel imaging modality for challenging endodontic diagnostic tasks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6266. [PMID: 37069172 PMCID: PMC10110619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) is an innovative technological advancement in relation to x-ray detectors which offers ultra-high-resolution images. The current study aimed to evaluate the visualization ability of PCCT compared to cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) devices for challenging endodontic diagnostic tasks. A reference image of an anthropomorphic phantom was acquired using an industrial micro-CT device. Thereafter, the phantom was scanned with three imaging devices, which included PCCT scanner (NAEOTOM Alpha) and two CBCT devices (3D Accuitomo 170 and NewTom VGi evo) having standard and high-resolution acquisition protocols. The diagnostic tasks involved visualizing fine endodontic structures (apical delta, narrow canal, and isthmus) and root cracks. Three experienced examiners assessed the images and were blinded to the PCCT and CBCT devices. Each image was rated according to a three-grade scale (appropriate, acceptable, or inappropriate) for the diagnostic tasks. In relation to fine endodontic structures grouped together, PCCT showed similar diagnostic performance compared to the reference image (p > 0.05). As for the CBCT devices, an excellent performance was only observed with the 3D Accuitomo 170 device at a high-resolution acquisition mode (p > 0.05). The visualization of root cracks was also better with 3D Accuitomo 170 compared to other devices (p < 0.05). Overall, PCCT and 3D Accuitomo 170 at a high-resolution setting showed similar performance for visualizing fine endodontic structures. In addition, the high-resolution CBCT protocol was superior for visualizing root cracks compared to both PCCT and other standard- and high-resolution CBCT protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocharles Cavalcante Fontenele
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fortes Picoli
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jader Camilo Pinto
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Karla de Faria Vasconcelos
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amanda Farias Gomes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joke Binst
- Department of Radiology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ruetters M, Sen S, Gehrig H, Bruckner T, Kim TS, Lux CJ, Schlemmer HP, Heinze S, Maier J, Kachelrieß M, Sawall S. Dental imaging using an ultra-high resolution photon-counting CT system. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7125. [PMID: 35504943 PMCID: PMC9064945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical photon-counting CT (PCCT) offers a spatial resolution of about 200 µm and might allow for acquisitions close to conventional dental CBCTs. In this study, the capabilities of this new system in comparison to dental CBCTs shall be evaluated. All 8 apical osteolysis identified in CBCT were identified by both readers in all three PCCT scan protocols. Mean visibility scores showed statistical significant differences for root canals(p = 0.0001), periodontal space(p = 0.0090), cortical(p = 0.0003) and spongious bone(p = 0.0293) in favor of high and medium dose PCCT acquisitions. Overall, both devices showed excellent image quality of all structures assessed. Interrater-agreement showed high values for all protocols in all structures. Bland-Altman plots revealed a high concordance of both modalities with the reference measurements. In vitro, ultra-high resolution PCCT can reliably identify different diagnostic entities and structures relevant for dental diagnostics similar to conventional dental CBCT with similar radiation dose. Acquisitions of five cadaveric heads were performed in an experimental CT-system containing an ultra-high resolution PC detector (0.25 mm pixel size in isocenter) as well as in a dental CBCT scanner. Acquisitions were performed using dose levels of 8.5 mGy, 38.0 mGy and 66.5 mGy (CTDI16cm) in case of PCCT and of 8.94 mGy (CTDI16cm) in case of CBCT. The quality of delineation of hard tissues, root-canals, periodontal-space as well as apical osteolysis was assessed by two readers. Mean visibility scores and interrater-agreement (overall agreement (%)) were calculated. Vertical bone loss (bl) and thickness (bt) of the buccal bone lamina of 15 lower incisors were measured and compared to reference measurements by ore microscopy and clinical probing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Ruetters
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Operative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sinan Sen
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold -Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Gehrig
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Operative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Bruckner
- Institute of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ti-Sun Kim
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Operative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher J Lux
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Heinze
- Institute of Forensic and Traffic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joscha Maier
- Division of X-Ray Imaging and CT, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Kachelrieß
- Division of X-Ray Imaging and CT, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Sawall
- Division of X-Ray Imaging and CT, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhou J, Fu Y, Yu L, Li Z, Chen S. A novel three-dimensional morphological analysis of idiopathic condylar resorption following stabilisation splint treatment. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 48:560-567. [PMID: 33539541 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone modelling evaluation is important for monitoring idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) progress. To compare condylar modelling in ICR patients treated with or without stabilisation splints (SSs). Eighty-four condyles from 84 ICR patients were studied: 42 received SS therapy (SS group); 42 received conventional therapy (control group). Cone-beam computed tomography images at diagnosis (T0) and after at least 6 months (T1) were used for three-dimensional reconstruction. Volume differences between T0 and T1 (δV) were used to evaluate the amount of modelling. Percentage of growth area (PCT) was used to assess the condylar surface growth tendency. No significant change in condylar volume was found in the SS group, whereas that in the control group was significantly decreased at T1 (P <.0001). The amount of modelling differed among condylar subregions within the SS group: among 6 subregions (P =.0137), between anterior and posterior regions (P =.0336) and between lateral, intermediate and medial regions (P =.0275). Control group condylar subregions showed no significant differences in the amount of modelling. The anabolic modelling tendency of the total condylar surface in the SS group was greater than that in the control group (P =.0251); however, there were no statistical differences in PCTs among condylar subregions in either group. SS therapy effectively reduced further bone destruction and promoted condylar modelling. Three-dimensional morphological analysis is a novel method that can accurately evaluate the amount of bone modelling and growth tendency in ICR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Temporomandibular Joint, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Karishma, Annaji AG, Rakesh N, Upasana L, Abhinetra MS. Detection of mandibular canal in human dry mandibles with cone beam computed tomography using 270° and 360° protocols under continuous and pulse modes – A comparative study. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_217_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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