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A 90-day repeated-dose toxicity study of dietary alpha linolenic acid-enriched diacylglycerol oil in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 97:33-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ando Y, Saito S, Miura H, Osaki N, Katsuragi Y. Consumption of alpha-linolenic acid-enriched diacylglycerol induces increase in dietary fat oxidation compared with alpha-linolenic acid-enriched triacylglycerol: A randomized, double-blind trial. Nutr Res 2017; 48:85-92. [PMID: 29246284 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fat metabolism is an important consideration in obesity. Alpha-linolenic acid-enriched diacylglycerol (ALA-DAG), which mainly occurs as ALA esterifies to 1,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol (1,3-DAG), has beneficial effects on fat metabolism and body weight compared with triacylglycerol (TAG). Moreover, compared with ALA-TAG, ALA-DAG enhances β-oxidation activity in the small intestine and liver in rodents. We hypothesized that ALA-DAG consumption may increase dietary fat oxidation compared with ALA-TAG in humans. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a randomized double-blind cross-over trial in 17 normal and moderately obese men and women (BMI: 25.7±2.0 kg/m2, mean±SD). Each participant was assigned to a 4-week intervention period with 2.5 g/day of ALA-DAG or ALA-TAG consumption, followed by a 4-week washout period between consumption of each diet. Dietary fat oxidation, assessed based on the 13CO2 recovery rate in the breath, was significantly increased by ALA-DAG consumption compared with ALA-TAG consumption (17.0±4.5% and 14.1±5.9%, respectively, P<.05). In addition, ALA-DAG consumption significantly decreased the visceral fat area compared with ALA-TAG (102.9±51.9 cm2 and 110.9±51.7 cm2, respectively; P<.05). These results indicate that ALA-DAG consumption may be useful for preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoshi Ando
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Saito
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
| | - Hirona Miura
- Meiseikai Medical Corporation, Higashi-Shinjuku Clinic, 1-11-3, Ookubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0072, Japan
| | - Noriko Osaki
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Katsuragi
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3, Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
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Ando Y, Saito S, Yamanaka N, Suzuki C, Ono T, Osaki N, Katsuragi Y. Alpha Linolenic Acid-enriched Diacylglycerol Consumption Enhances Dietary Fat Oxidation in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Double-blind Controlled Trial. J Oleo Sci 2017; 66:181-185. [PMID: 28154349 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of alpha linolenic acid-enriched diacylglycerol (ALA-DAG) reduces visceral fat area. In this study, we performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover intervention trial to investigate the effect of ALA-DAG on dietary fat oxidation in comparison with control triacylglycerol (TAG). Each subject (n=16) consumed either 2.5 g/d of ALA-DAG or TAG for 14-d, separated by a 21-d washout period. At the end of each consumption period, we assessed dietary fat oxidation. ALA-DAG consumption significantly enhanced dietary fat utilization as energy compared to TAG consumption.
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Honda H, Fujita Y, Hayashi A, Ikeda N, Ito Y, Morita O. Genotoxicity evaluation of alpha-linolenic acid-diacylglycerol oil. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:716-722. [PMID: 28959597 PMCID: PMC5616014 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the genotoxicity of ALA-DAG oil using standard tests. Bacterial reverse mutation and in vitro/in vivo micronucleus tests were conducted. No genotoxicity was observed under the testing conditions.
The alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)-diacylglycerol (DAG) oil is an edible oil enriched with DAG (>80%) and ALA (>50%). Although DAG oil, which mainly consists of oleic and linoleic acids has no genotoxic concerns, the fatty acid composition could affect the chemical property of DAG. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of ALA-DAG oil using standard genotoxicity tests in accordance with the OECD guidelines. ALA-DAG oil showed negative results in the bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test) and in vitro micronucleus test in cultured Chinese hamster lung cells with and without metabolic activation, and in the in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test in mice. Our results did not show any genotoxicity, suggesting that the fatty acid composition had no deleterious effects. We conclude that ALA-DAG oil had no genotoxicity concerns under the testing conditions.
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Key Words
- 2AA, 2-aminoanthracene
- 9AA, 9-aminoacridine hydrochloride hydrate
- AF-2, 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide
- ALA, alpha-linolenic acid
- Alpha-linolenic acid
- Alpha-linolenic acid-rich diacylglycerol
- B(a)P, benzo(a)pyrene
- CLC, Colchicine
- CP, cyclophosphamide
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- Diacylglycerol
- Fatty acid composition
- Genotoxicity
- ICH, International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
- LA, linolenic acid
- MMC, mitomycin C
- MNPCE, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte
- NCE, normochromatic erythrocyte
- NaN3, sodium azide
- TAG, triacylglycerol
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Honda
- R&D Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan
| | - Yurika Fujita
- R&D Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan
| | - Aya Hayashi
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd., 2438 Miyanoura, Yoshida, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Naohiro Ikeda
- R&D Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ito
- R&D Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan
| | - Osamu Morita
- R&D Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan
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Ando Y, Saito S, Oishi S, Yamanaka N, Hibi M, Osaki N, Katsuragi Y. Alpha Linolenic Acid-enriched Diacylglycerol Enhances Postprandial Fat Oxidation in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Double-blind Controlled Trail. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:685-91. [PMID: 27430386 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha linolenic acid-enriched diacylglycerol (ALA-DAG) reduces visceral fat area and body fat in rodents and humans compared to conventional triacylglycerol (TAG). Although ALA-DAG increases dietary fat utilization as energy in rodents, its effects in humans are not known. The present study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover intervention trial performed to clarify the effect of ALA-DAG on postprandial energy metabolism in humans. Nineteen healthy subjects participated in this study, and postprandial energy metabolism was evaluated using indirect calorimetry followed by 14-d repeated pre-consumption of TAG (rapeseed oil) as a control or ALA-DAG. As a primary outcome, ALA-DAG induced significantly higher postprandial fat oxidation than TAG. As a secondary outcome, carbohydrate oxidation tended to be decreased. In addition, postprandial energy expenditure was significantly increased by ALA-DAG compared to TAG. These findings suggest that daily ALA-DAG consumption stimulates dietary fat utilization as energy after a meal, as well as greater diet induced thermogenesis in healthy humans. In conclusion, repeated consumption of ALA-DAG enhanced postprandial fat metabolism after a meal, which may partially explain its visceral fat area-reducing effect.
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YAMANAKA N, SAITO S, OSAKI N, KAMEI S, NAKAMURA H, KATSURAGI Y. Alpha-Linolenic Acid-Enriched Diacylglycerol Oil Suppresses the Postprandial Serum Triglyceride Level—A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2016; 62:402-408. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nami YAMANAKA
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation
| | | | - Noriko OSAKI
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation
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Saito S, Fukuhara I, Osaki N, Nakamura H, Katsuragi Y. Consumption of alpha-Linolenic Acid-enriched Diacylglycerol Reduces Visceral Fat Area in Overweight and Obese Subjects: a Randomized, Double-blind Controlled, Parallel-group Designed Trial. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:603-11. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noriko Osaki
- Healthcare Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation
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Li D, Sinclair AJ. Macronutrient innovations: The role of fats and sterols in human health. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-6047.11.s6.4.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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