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Ramadan NS, Wessjohann LA, Mocan A, C Vodnar D, H. El-Sayed N, A. El-Toumy S, Abdou Mohamed D, Abdel Aziz Z, Ehrlich A, A. Farag M. Nutrient and Sensory Metabolites Profiling of Averrhoa Carambola L. (Starfruit) in the Context of Its Origin and Ripening Stage by GC/MS and Chemometric Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102423. [PMID: 32455938 PMCID: PMC7287910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Averrhoa carambola L. is a tropical tree with edible fruit that grows at different climatic conditions. Despite its nutritive value and reported health benefits, it is a controversial fruit owing to its rich oxalate content. The present study aimed at investigating aroma and nutrient primary metabolites distribution in A. carambola fruits grown in Indonesia, Malaysia (its endemic origin) versus Egypt, and at different ripening stages. Two techniques were employed to assess volatile and non-volatile metabolites including headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) joined with gas chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-MS post silylation, respectively. Twenty-four volatiles were detected, with esters amounting for the major class of volatiles in Egyptian fruit at ca. 66%, with methyl caproate as the major component, distinguishing it from other origins. In contrast, aldehydes predominated tropically grown fruits with the ether myristicin found exclusively in these. Primary metabolites profiling led to the identification of 117 metabolites viz. sugars, polyols and organic acids. Fructose (38–48%) and glucose (21–25%) predominated sugar compositions in ripe fruits, whereas sorbitol was the major sugar alcohol (2.4–10.5%) in ripe fruits as well. Oxalic acid, an anti-nutrient with potential health risks, was the major organic acid detected in all the studied fruits (1.7–2.7%), except the Malaysian one (0.07%). It increases upon fruit ripening, including considerable amounts of volatile oxalate esters detected via SPME, and which must not be omitted in total oxalate determinations for safety assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal S. Ramadan
- Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (N.S.R.); (N.H.E.-S.); (S.A.E.-T.)
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
- Correspondence: (L.A.W.); (M.A.F.); Tel.: +011-202-2362245 (M.A.F.); Fax: +011-202-25320005 (M.A.F.)
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Advanced Horticulture Research of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan C Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Nabil H. El-Sayed
- Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (N.S.R.); (N.H.E.-S.); (S.A.E.-T.)
| | - Sayed A. El-Toumy
- Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (N.S.R.); (N.H.E.-S.); (S.A.E.-T.)
| | - Doha Abdou Mohamed
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Zeinab Abdel Aziz
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Anja Ehrlich
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt;
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Correspondence: (L.A.W.); (M.A.F.); Tel.: +011-202-2362245 (M.A.F.); Fax: +011-202-25320005 (M.A.F.)
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Kim DS, Kim HS, Lee J, Hong SJ, Cho JJ, Cho KM, Shin EC. Comprehensive changes in volatile/nonvolatile compounds and flavor and physicochemical characteristics in Angelica gigas Nakai roots by thermal processing. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12842. [PMID: 31608467 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the changes of physicochemical and flavor characteristics of Angelica gigas Nakai roots during roasting. Glutamic acid and arginine were higher in constituent amino acids. In the taste value, glutamic acid was highest in constituent and free amino acids. Total phenol contents were highest in 0 min and lowest in 3 min. Hundred twenty-six volatile compounds were detected by GC/MS during roasting. α-pinene, eudesmol, nonane, and limonene were detected as major volatile compounds. For antioxidant ability, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl did not change during roasting, and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid showed the highest value in 3 min. Browning intensity showed a slight decrease over time. In Electronic nose, fragrance increased by roasting, and strength, NH3 , and H2 S decreased significantly. In Electronic tongue, sweetness, bitterness, and umami taste increased by roasting, and this was related to amino acid composition. The results provide basic data on the physicochemical and flavor characteristics of A. gigas Nakai according to the roasting process. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Angelica gigas Nakai has been known as a medicinal herb in Asian countries and usually consumed in powder, tea, and snacks. In order to produce the powder, tea, or snacks with A. gigas Nakai, thermal treatment is an essential and critical process. Despite that existing studies reported many physiological benefits and functional properties of A. gigas Nakai, studies have rarely discovered how the nutritional properties and volatile compounds of A. gigas Nakai alter when it undergoes thermal treatment. Therefore, this study will be utilized as basic data to optimize the thermal processing conditions (e.g., roasting time) for the production of food products with A. gigas Nakai such as tea and snacks. This study further provides objective chemical measures of sensory profiles of A. gigas Nakai using electronic tongue and electronic nose during the thermal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Som Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoe-Sung Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jookyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jun Hong
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Horiba H, Nakagawa T, Zhu Q, Ashour A, Watanabe A, Shimizu K. Biological Activities of Extracts from Different Parts of Cryptomeria japonica. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptomeria japonica is one of the most important forest tree species in Japan. To increase the demand for domestic timber, broad uses related to the functional attributes of C. japonica must be developed. Several studies have examined the usefulness of C. japonica in terms of its biological activities, but a comprehensive study subjecting all parts of the C. japonica plant to the same solvent for extraction has not been done. Here, methanol extractions from the leaves, branches, bearing branches, male flowers, female flowers, cones, bark, heartwood, sapwood, pith, rhizomes, roots, and pollen were subjected to several in vitro assays of their biological activities such as antioxidant activity, anti-lipase activity, antibacterial activity and melanin-biosynthesis-inhibition activity. Their total phenolic content was also determined. The methanol extracts from each part of C. japonica except for pollen showed strong activities in the bioactivity assays. Furthermore, the methanol extracts were analyzed by GC/MS. The phytochemical profile varied among extracts from various parts of C. japonica. Our results suggest the great potential of C. japonica for use as a functional ingredient in health-related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Horiba
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakagawa
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Qinchang Zhu
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Ahmed Ashour
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
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Lupoae P, Cristea V, Borda D, Lupoae M, Gurau G, Dinica RM. Phytochemical Screening: Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Potamogeton Species in Order to Obtain Valuable Feed Additives. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:1111-23. [PMID: 26369590 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The alcoholic extracts from three submerged perennial plants Potamogeton crispus L., P. pusillus L. and P. pectinatus L. were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with solid phase microextraction (SPME-GC/MS) and by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and their volatile fingerprint and polyphenols composition was mutually compared. Twenty-nine chemical compounds were detected and identified in ethanolic and methanolic extracts; the highest abundance (over 5%) in descending order, was detected for 9,9-dimethyl-8,10- dioxapentacyclo (5,3,0(2,5) 0(3,5,)0 (3,6) decane (21.65%), phenol 2,6 bis (1,1 dimethyletyl) 4-1-methylpropil (20.8%), pentadecanoic acid (14.3%), 2-(5-chloro-2-Methoxyphenyl) pyrrole (8.66%), propanedioic (malonic) acid 2-(4-methylphenyl) sulfonyl ethylidene (5.77%), 2 hydroxy-3 tert butyl-5-isopropyl-6 methyl phenyl ketone (5.76%). The highest total polyphenols and flavonoids content was found in the methanolic extract of P. crispus (112.5±0.5 mg tannic acid/g dry extract; 64.2±1.2 mg quercitin/g dry extract). Antioxidant activities (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil, hydrogen peroxide and reducing power assays) of obtained extracts are comparable with the standard compounds, butylated hydroxytoluene, rutin and ascorbic acid. Antibacterial efficiency of methanolic extracts was notably demonstrated against Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter hormaechei) and Gram positive bacteria (Enterococcus casseliflavus). The data reported for the first time for Romanian Potamogeton species, provides extensive support for the chemical investigations of these plants of the aquatic anthropogene ecosystems in order to obtain valuable bioadditives for animal feed and/or pharmaceutical/food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lupoae
- Dunărea de Jos University Galaţi, Faculty of Food Science and Engeneering
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Lim HJ, Kim JK, Cho KM, Joo OS, Nam SH, Lee SW, Kim HJ, Shin EC. Analysis of Nutritional Components, Volatile Properties, and Sensory Attributes of Cynanchi wilfordii Radix: Characterization Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.4.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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