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Mazurkiewicz E, Lamch Ł, Wilk KA, Obłąk E. Anti-adhesive, anti-biofilm and fungicidal action of newly synthesized gemini quaternary ammonium salts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14110. [PMID: 38898117 PMCID: PMC11187217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Newly synthesized gemini quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) with different counterions (bromide, hydrogen chloride, methylcarbonate, acetate, lactate), chain lengths (C12, C14, C16) and methylene linker (3xCH2) were tested. Dihydrochlorides and dibromides with 12 carbon atoms in hydrophobic chains were characterized by the highest biological activity against planktonic forms of yeast and yeast-like fungi. The tested gemini surfactants also inhibited the production of filaments by C. albicans. Moreover, they reduced the adhesion of C. albicans cells to the surfaces of stainless steel, silicone and glass, and slightly to polystyrene. In particular, the gemini compounds with 16-carbon alkyl chains were most effective against biofilms. It was also found that the tested surfactants were not cytotoxic to yeast cells. Moreover, dimethylcarbonate (2xC12MeCO3G3) did not cause hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes. Dihydrochlorides, dilactate and diacetate showed no mutagenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Physico-Chemistry of Microorganisms, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Lamch
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kazimiera A Wilk
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Obłąk
- Department of Physico-Chemistry of Microorganisms, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
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2
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Fabrication of Encapsulated Gemini Surfactants. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196664. [PMID: 36235201 PMCID: PMC9573393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Encapsulation of surfactants is an innovative approach that allows not only protection of the active substance, but also its controlled and gradual release. This is primarily used to protect metallic surfaces against corrosion or to create biologically active surfaces. Gemini surfactants are known for their excellent anticorrosion, antimicrobial and surface properties; (2) Methods: In this study, we present an efficient methods of preparation of encapsulated gemini surfactants in form of alginate and gelatin capsules; (3) Results: The analysis of infrared spectra and images of the scanning electron microscope confirm the effectiveness of encapsulation; (4) Conclusions: Gemini surfactants in encapsulated form are promising candidates for corrosion inhibitors and antimicrobials with the possibility of protecting the active substance against environmental factors and the possibility of controlled outflow.
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3
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Battista S, Bellio P, Fagnani L, Allegritti E, Nazzicone L, Galantini L, Celenza G, Giansanti L. Structurally Related Liposomes Containing N-Oxide Surfactants: Physicochemical Properties and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity in Combination with Therapeutically Available Antibiotics. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:788-797. [PMID: 35170971 PMCID: PMC8905576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Although liposomes
are largely investigated as drug delivery systems,
they can also exert a pharmacological activity if devoid of an active
principle as a function of their composition. Specifically, charged
liposomes can electrostatically interact with bacterial cells and,
in some cases, induce bacterial cell death. Moreover, they also show
a high affinity toward bacterial biofilms. We investigated the physicochemical
and antimicrobial properties of liposomes formulated with a natural
phospholipid and four synthetic l-prolinol-derived surfactants
at 9/1 and 8/2 molar ratios. The synthetic components differ in the
nature of the polar headgroup (quaternary ammonium salt or N-oxide) and/or the length of the alkyl chain (14 or 16
methylenes). These differences allowed us to investigate the effect
of the molecular structure of liposome components on the properties
of the aggregates and their ability to interact with bacterial cells.
The antimicrobial properties of the different formulations were assessed
against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Drug–drug
interactions with four classes of available clinical antibiotics were
evaluated against Staphylococcus spp. The target
of each class of antibiotics plays a pivotal role in exerting a synergistic
effect. Our results highlight that the liposomal formulations with
an N-oxide moiety are required for the antibacterial
activity against Gram-positive bacteria. In particular, we observed
a synergism between oxacillin and liposomes containing 20 molar percentage
of N-oxide surfactants onStaphylococcus
haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, andStaphylococcus aureus. In the
case of liposomes containing 20 molar percentage of the N-oxide surfactant with 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain for S. epidermidis, the minimum inhibitory concentration
was 0.125 μg/mL, well below the breakpoint value of the antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Battista
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Bellio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Applicate e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Lorenza Fagnani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Applicate e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Elena Allegritti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Lisaurora Nazzicone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Applicate e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Luciano Galantini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celenza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Applicate e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Luisa Giansanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67010 Coppito, AQ, Italy
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Cationic gemini surfactant properties, its potential as a promising bioapplication candidate, and strategies for improving its biocompatibility: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 299:102581. [PMID: 34891074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gemini surfactants consist of two cationic monomers of a surfactant linked together with a spacer. The specific structure of a cationic gemini surfactant is the reason for both its high surface activity and its ability to decrease the surface tension of water. The high surface activity and unique structure of gemini surfactants result in outstanding properties, including antibacterial and antifungal activity, anticorrosion properties, unique aggregation behaviour, the ability to form various structures reversibly in response to environmental conditions, and interactions with biomacromolecules such as DNA and proteins. These properties can be tailored by selecting the optimal structure of a gemini surfactant in terms of the nature and length of its alkyl substituents, spacer, and head group. Additionally, regarding their properties, comparison with their monomeric counterparts demonstrates that gemini surfactants have higher performance efficacy at lower concentrations. Hence, less material is needed, and the toxicity is lower. However, there are some limitations regarding their biocompatibility that have led researchers to develop amino acid-based and sugar-based gemini surfactants. Owing to their remarkable properties, cationic gemini surfactants are promising candidates for bioapplications such as drug delivery systems, gene carriers, and biomaterial surface modification.
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Brycki BE, Szulc A, Kowalczyk I, Koziróg A, Sobolewska E. Antimicrobial Activity of Gemini Surfactants with Ether Group in the Spacer Part. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195759. [PMID: 34641303 PMCID: PMC8510121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their large possibility of the structure modification, alkylammonium gemini surfactants are a rapidly growing class of compounds. They exhibit significant surface, aggregation and antimicrobial properties. Due to the fact that, in order to achieve the desired utility effect, the minimal concentration of compounds are used, they are in line with the principle of greenolution (green evolution) in chemistry. In this study, we present innovative synthesis of the homologous series of gemini surfactants modified at the spacer by the ether group, i.e., 3-oxa-1,5-pentane-bis(N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylammonium bromides). The critical micelle concentrations were determined. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the synthesized compounds were determined against bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538; yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231; and molds Aspergillus niger ATCC 16401 and Penicillium chrysogenum ATCC 60739. We also investigated the relationship between antimicrobial activity and alkyl chain length or the nature of the spacer. The obtained results indicate that the synthesized compounds are effective microbicides with a broad spectrum of biocidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumil Eugene Brycki
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.); (I.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-829-1694
| | - Adrianna Szulc
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Iwona Kowalczyk
- Department of Bioactive Products, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Anna Koziróg
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Sobolewska
- Interdisciplinary Doctoral School of the Lodz University of Technology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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6
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Paluch E, Szperlik J, Lamch Ł, Wilk KA, Obłąk E. Biofilm eradication and antifungal mechanism of action against Candida albicans of cationic dicephalic surfactants with a labile linker. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8896. [PMID: 33903615 PMCID: PMC8076202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Our research aims to expand the knowledge on relationships between the structure of cationic dicephalic surfactants—N,N-bis[3,3_-(dimethylamine)propyl]alkylamide dihydrochlorides and N,N-bis[3,3_-(trimethylammonio)propyl]alkylamide dibromides (alkyl: n-C9H19, n-C11H23, n-C13H27, n-C15H31)—and their antifungal mechanism of action on Candida albicans. The mentioned groups of amphiphilic substances are characterized by the presence of a weak, hydrochloride cationic center readily undergoing deprotonation, as well as a stable, strong quaternary ammonium group and alkyl chains capable of strong interactions with fungal cells. Strong fungicidal properties and the role in creation and eradication of biofilm of those compounds were discussed in our earlier works, yet their mechanism of action remained unclear. It was shown that investigated surfactants induce strong oxidative stress and cause increase in cell membrane permeability without compromising its continuity, as indicated by increased potassium ion (K+) leakage. Thus experiments carried out on the investigated opportunistic pathogen indicate that the mechanism of action of the researched surfactants is different than in the case of the majority of known surfactants. Results presented in this paper significantly broaden the understanding on multifunctional cationic surfactants and their mechanism of action, as well as suggest their possible future applications as surface coating antiadhesives, fungicides and antibiofilm agents in medicine or industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Paluch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Tytusa Chałubińskiego 4, 50-376, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jakub Szperlik
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Lamch
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kazimiera A Wilk
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Obłąk
- Department Physicochemistry of Microorganisms, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
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7
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Obłąk E, Futoma-Kołoch B, Wieczyńska A. Biological activity of quaternary ammonium salts and resistance of microorganisms to these compounds. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:22. [PMID: 33428020 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) are ubiquitous in nature, being found in organisms ranging from microorganisms to vertebrates (e.g., glycine betaine, carnitine) where they have important cellular functions. QASs are also obtained by chemical synthesis. These compounds, due to their diverse chemical structure (e.g. monomeric QAS or gemini) and their biological properties, are widely used in medicine (as disinfectants, drugs, and DNA carriers), industry, environmental protection and agriculture (as preservatives, biocides, herbicides and fungicides). Discussed chemical compounds reduce the adhesion of microorganisms to various biotic and abiotic surfaces and cause the eradication of biofilms produced by pathogenic microorganisms. The properties of these chemicals depend on their chemical structure (length of the alkyl chain, linker and counterion), which has a direct impact on the physicochemical and biological activity of these compounds. QASs by incorporation into the membranes, inhibit the activity of proteins (H+-ATPase) and disrupt the transport of substances to the cell. Moreover, in the presence of QASs, changes in lipid composition (qualitative and quantitative) of plasma membrane are observed. The widespread use of disinfectants in commercial products can induce resistance in microorganisms to these surfactants and even to antibiotics. In this article we discuss the biological activity of QASs as cationic surfactants against microorganisms and their resistance to these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Obłąk
- Department of Physico-Chemistry of Microorganisms, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bożena Futoma-Kołoch
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Wieczyńska
- Department of Physico-Chemistry of Microorganisms, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
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8
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Anestopoulos I, Kiousi DE, Klavaris A, Galanis A, Salek K, Euston SR, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Surface Active Agents and Their Health-Promoting Properties: Molecules of Multifunctional Significance. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E688. [PMID: 32708243 PMCID: PMC7407150 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface active agents (SAAs) are molecules with the capacity to adsorb to solid surfaces and/or fluid interfaces, a property that allows them to act as multifunctional ingredients (e.g., wetting and dispersion agents, emulsifiers, foaming and anti-foaming agents, lubricants, etc.) in a widerange of the consumer products of various industrial sectors (e.g., pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, personal care, detergents, food, etc.). Given their widespread utilization, there is a continuously growing interest to explore their role in consumer products (relevant to promoting human health) and how such information can be utilized in order to synthesize better chemical derivatives. In this review article, weaimed to provide updated information on synthetic and biological (biosurfactants) SAAs and their health-promoting properties (e.g., anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-aging) in an attempt to better define some of the underlying mechanism(s) by which they exert such properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Anestopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.E.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Despoina Eugenia Kiousi
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.E.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Ariel Klavaris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.E.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Karina Salek
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.S.); (S.R.E.)
| | - Stephen R. Euston
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; (K.S.); (S.R.E.)
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (I.A.); (D.E.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy & Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Abstract
Fungal infections with increasing resistance to conventional therapies are a growing concern. Candida albicans is a major opportunistic yeast responsible for mucosal and invasive infections. Targeting the initial step of the infection process (i.e., C. albicans adhesion to the host cell) is a promising strategy. A wide variety of molecules can interfere with adhesion processes via an assortment of mechanisms. Herein, we focus on how small molecules disrupt biosynthesis of fungal cell wall components and membrane structure, prevent the localization of GPI-anchor proteins, inhibit production of enzymes involved in adhesion, downregulate genes encoding adhesins and competitively inhibit receptor interactions. As a result, adhesion of C. albicans to host cells is reduced, paving the way to new classes of antifungal agents.
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10
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Labena A, Hegazy MA, Sami RM, Hozzein WN. Multiple Applications of a Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactant: Anti-Microbial, Anti-Biofilm, Biocide, Salinity Corrosion Inhibitor, and Biofilm Dispersion (Part II). Molecules 2020; 25:E1348. [PMID: 32188097 PMCID: PMC7144103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Egyptian petroleum industries are incurring severe problems with corrosion, particularly corrosion that is induced by sulfidogenic microbial activities in harsh salinity environments despite extensively using biocides and metal corrosion inhibitors. Therefore, in this study, a synthesized cationic gemini surfactant (SCGS) was tested as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, anti-bacterial, anti-candida, anti-fungal, anti-biofilm (anti-adhesive), and bio-dispersion agent. The SCGS was evaluated as a biocide against environmental sulfidogenic-bacteria and as a corrosion inhibitor for a high salinity cultivated medium. The SCGS displayed wide spectrum antimicrobial activity with minimum bactericidal/fungicidal inhibitory concentrations. The SCGS demonstrated anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm, and bio-dispersion activity. The SCGS exhibited bactericidal activity against environmental sulfidogenic bacteria and the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency of 93.8% at 5 mM. Additionally, the SCGS demonstrated bio-dispersion activity against the environmental sulfidogenic bacteria at 5.49% salinity. In conclusion, this study provides a novel synthesized cationic surfactant with many applications in the oil and gas industry: as broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents, corrosion inhibition for high salinity, biocides for environmentally sulfidogenic bacteria, and as bio-dispersion agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Labena
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr, Cairo 11727, Egypt; (M.A.H.); (R.M.S.)
| | - M. A. Hegazy
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr, Cairo 11727, Egypt; (M.A.H.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Radwa M. Sami
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr, Cairo 11727, Egypt; (M.A.H.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Wael N. Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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11
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Use of N-oxide and cationic surfactants to enhance antioxidant properties of (+)-usnic acid loaded liposomes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Rewak-Soroczyńska J, Paluch E, Siebert A, Szałkiewicz K, Obłąk E. Biological activity of glycine and alanine derivatives of quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) against micro-organisms. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:212-220. [PMID: 31260122 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) are commonly used in medicine, agriculture and industry and their wide usage caused the development of microbial resistance, thus there is still a need for new effective antimicrobial agents. Present work describes the biological activity of alanine- (DMALM-n) and glycine-derived (DMGM-n) QASs against planktonic and biofilm forms of micro-organisms. The antimicrobial activity was dependent mainly on the hydrocarbon chain length and surfactants with 12-16 atoms of carbon in the alkyl chain were the most active ones. The lowest MIC value was determined for DMALM-14 against Rhodotorula rubra and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2·5 µmol l- 1 ). Generally, alanine derivatives showed stronger effects against micro-organisms than glycine-derived QASs. Alanine-derived surfactants with 12-16 carbons in the alkyl chain had antiadhesive properties on the polystyrene surface, preventing cell attachment (about 70% of inhibition for C. albicans and 40% for S. epidermidis). Strong adhesion reduction was also observed on the stainless steel surface and the highest reduction was observed for C. albicans cells incubated on surface pretreated with DMGM-16. Moreover, DMGM-16 and DMALM-16 prevented C. albicans filamentation, one of the determinants of cell adhesion. Surfactants with C16 alkyl chain (DMGM-16 and DMALM-16) eradicated bacterial and yeast biofilm (from 60 to 90% of reduction observed after incubation of the previously grown biofilm in the presence of the highest tested concentration of the surfactant - 400 µmol l- 1 ) and reduced its viability. Strong antimicrobial activity as well as antiadhesive properties make alanine- and glycine-derived QASs the potential candidates for future application as disinfectants. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Cationic surfactants are used in many fields, among others in medicine, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Their usage on a large scale caused the development of microbial resistance mechanisms to such compounds. Thus, there is a need to synthesize new surfactants with potential application as effective disinfectants to combat both planktonic and biofilm forms of micro-organisms. Present work focuses on the antimicrobial activity of chosen quaternary ammonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rewak-Soroczyńska
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - E Paluch
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Siebert
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - K Szałkiewicz
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - E Obłąk
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Obłąk E, Piecuch A, Rewak-Soroczyńska J, Paluch E. Activity of gemini quaternary ammonium salts against microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:625-632. [PMID: 30460534 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), as the surface active compounds, are widely used in medicine and industry. Their common application is responsible for the development of microbial resistance to QAS. To overcome, this issue novel surfactants, including gemini-type ones, were developed. These unique compounds are built of two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic parts. The double-head double-tail type of structure enhances their physicochemical properties (like surface activity) and biological activity and makes them a potential candidate for new drugs and disinfectants. Antimicrobial activity is mainly attributed to the biocidal action towards bacteria and fungi in their planktonic and biofilm forms, but the mode of action of gemini QAS is not yet fully understood. Moreover, gemini surfactants are of particular interest towards their application as gene carriers. Cationic charge of gemini QAS and their ability to form liposomes facilitate DNA compaction and transfection of the target cells. Multifunctional nature of gemini QAS is the reason of the long-standing research on mainly their structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Obłąk
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Agata Piecuch
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Rewak-Soroczyńska
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Emil Paluch
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
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Cationic surfactants as antifungal agents. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:97-112. [PMID: 30374671 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fungi-in being responsible for causing diseases in animals and humans as well as environmental contaminations in health and storage facilities-represent a serious concern to health security. Surfactants are a group of chemical compounds used in a broad spectrum of applications. The recently considered potential employment of cationic surfactants as antifungal or fungistatic agents has become a prominent issue in the development of antifungal strategies, especially if such surface-active agents can be synthesized in an eco-friendly manner. In this review, we describe the antifungal effect and the reported mechanisms of action of several types of cationic surfactants and also include a discussion of the contribution of these surfactants to the inhibition of yeast-based-biofilm formation. Furthermore, the putative mechanism of arginine-based tensioactive compounds as antifungal agents and their applications are also analyzed.
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15
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Koziróg A, Brycki B, Pielech-Przybylska K. Impact of Cationic and Neutral Gemini Surfactants on Conidia and Hyphal Forms of Aspergillus brasiliensis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E873. [PMID: 29543767 PMCID: PMC5877734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the biological activity of two cationic gemini surfactants, hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) C6 and pentamethylene-1,5-bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecyla,.mmonium bromide) C5, and their two neutral analogs, hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N-methyl-N-dodecylamine) (A6) and pentamethylene-1,5-bis-(N-methyl-N-dodecylamine) (A5). Experiments were performed with Aspergillus brasiliensis, which is used in the standard tests for biocides. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for conidia and mycelium were determined using the dilution method. The viability of the conidia was evaluated using the plate count method. The dry mass of the mycelium was determined using the thermogravimetric method. Ergosterol was extracted from the mycelium and evaluated by gas chromatography. The effect of gemini surfactants on fungal morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Cationic gemini surfactants were found to be active at lower concentrations compared to their non-ionic analogues, rapidly reducing the total number of conidia that were able to grow. They also decreased both the ergosterol content in the mycelium and its dry weight. These results suggest that cationic gemini surfactants C6 and C5 could have a wide range of practical applications as active compounds. However, it should be remembered that usage at too low concentrations, below the MIC, will only lead to short-term disturbances in the development of conidia and mycelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koziróg
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bogumił Brycki
- Laboratory of Microbiocides Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Pielech-Przybylska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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16
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Paluch E, Piecuch A, Obłąk E, Lamch Ł, Wilk KA. Antifungal activity of newly synthesized chemodegradable dicephalic-type cationic surfactants. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:34-41. [PMID: 29413614 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The studies were aimed to contribute to the elucidation of the relationships between structure of the double-headed cationic surfactants - N,N-bis[3,3'-(dimethylamine)propyl]alkylamide dihydrochlorides and N,N-bis[3,3'-(trimethylammonio)propyl]alkylamide dibromides (alkyl: n-C9H19, n-C11H23, n-C13H27, n-C15H31), which are of particular interest, as they contain a labile amide group in the molecule and their antifungal activity. Therefore, the minimal inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC) of dicephalic surfactants against various fungi were tested using standardized methods. Most of the tested fungi were resistant to the Cn(TAPABr)2 compounds. The strongest growth inhibition was caused by Cn(DAPACl)2 series, which MICs ranged from 6.5 to 16 μM. The influence of dicephalic surfactants on Candida albicans biofilm and adhesion to the various surfaces was investigated with crystal violet staining or colony counting. The reduction of fungal adhesion was also observed, especially to the glass surface. One of the compounds (C14(DAPACl)2) caused DNA leakage from C. albicans cells. Further studies showed the impact of dicephalic surfactants on ROS production, accumulation of lipid droplets and filament formation. This study points to the possibility of application of dicephalic surfactants as the surface-coating agents to prevent biofilm formation or as disinfectants. The results give an insight into the possible mechanism of action of newly synthesized dicephalic surfactants in yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Paluch
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Piecuch
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - E Obłąk
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ł Lamch
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - K A Wilk
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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17
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Koziróg A, Kręgiel D, Brycki B. Action of Monomeric/Gemini Surfactants on Free Cells and Biofilm of Asaia lannensis. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112036. [PMID: 29165338 PMCID: PMC6150408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the biological activity of surfactants based on quaternary ammonium compounds: gemini surfactant hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide) (C6), synthesized by the reaction of N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylamine with 1,6-dibromohexane, and its monomeric analogue dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). The experiments were performed with bacteria Asaia lannensis, a common spoilage in the beverage industry. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using the tube standard two-fold dilution method. The growth and adhesive properties of bacterial cells were studied in different culture media, and the cell viability was evaluated using plate count method. Both of the surfactants were effective against the bacterial strain, but the MIC of gemini compound was significantly lower. Both C6 and DTAB exhibited anti-adhesive abilities. Treatment with surfactants at or below MIC value decreased the number of bacterial cells that were able to form biofilm, however, the gemini surfactant was more effective. The used surfactants were also found to be able to eradicate mature biofilms. After 4 h of treatment with C6 surfactant at concentration 10 MIC, the number of bacterial cells was reduced by 91.8%. The results of this study suggest that the antibacterial activity of the gemini compound could make it an effective microbiocide against the spoilage bacteria Asaia sp. in both planktonic and biofilm stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koziróg
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dorota Kręgiel
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bogumił Brycki
- Laboratory of Microbiocides Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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Oblak E, Piecuch A, Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E, Wawrzycka D. Quaternary ammonium salt N-(dodecyloxycarboxymethyl)- N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium chloride induced alterations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae physiology. J Biosci 2017; 41:601-614. [PMID: 27966483 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-016-9644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of the quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) called IM (N-(dodecyloxycarboxymethyl)- N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium chloride) on yeast cells of the parental strain and the IM-resistant mutant (EO25 IMR) growth. The phenotype of this mutant was pleiotropic. The IMR mutant exhibited resistance to ethanol, osmotic shock and oxidative stress, as well as increased sensitivity to UV. Moreover, it was noted that mutant EO25 appears to have an increased resistance to clotrimazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, nystatin and cycloheximide. It also tolerated growth in the presence of crystal violet, DTT and metals (selenium, tin, arsenic). It was shown that the presence of IM decreased ergosterol level in mutant plasma membrane and increased its unsaturation. These results indicate changes in the cell lipid composition. Western blot analysis showed the induction of Pma1 level by IM. RT-PCR revealed an increased PMA1 expression after IM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oblak
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, and Institute of Experimental Biology University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland,
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Piecuch A, Lamch Ł, Paluch E, Obłąk E, Wilk KA. Biofilm prevention by dicephalic cationic surfactants and their interactions with DNA. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:682-92. [PMID: 27288863 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The studies were aimed to contribute to the elucidation of the relationships between structure of the double-headed cationic surfactants-N,N-bis[3,3'-(dimethylamine)- propyl]alkylamide dihydrochlorides and N,N-bis[3,3'-(trimethylammonio)propyl]alkylamide dibromides (alkyl: n-C9 H19 , n-C11 H23 , n-C13 H27 , n-C15 H31 ) and their antibacterial and biofilm preventing activity. METHODS AND RESULTS The minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) of dicephalic surfactants against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested using standard methods. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to studied compounds but MBC values against Staph. epidermidis reached 0·48-0·01 mmol l(-1) . The influence of dicephalic surfactants on bacterial biofilm and adhesion to the various surfaces was investigated with crystal violet staining or colony counting. The reduction in bacterial adhesion was observed, especially in the case of glass and stainless steel. The condensation of the DNA was shown in the ethidium bromide intercalation assay. CONCLUSIONS Dicephalic surfactants exhibited antibacterial activity against Staph. epidermidis. The activity of studied compounds depended on the hydrocarbon chain length and the counterion. Surfactants deposited on different materials reduced Staph. epidermidis adhesion, dependently on the surfactant structure and the substratum. Dicephalic surfactants showed the ability of DNA compaction. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study points the possibility of application of dicephalic surfactants as the surface-coating agents to prevent biofilm formation. These compounds efficiently condensed DNA and are potential candidates for further studies towards the transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piecuch
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ł Lamch
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - E Paluch
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - E Obłąk
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - K A Wilk
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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Antibacterial Activity of Alanine-Derived Gemini Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2015; 19:275-282. [PMID: 26949329 PMCID: PMC4764639 DOI: 10.1007/s11743-015-1778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of alanine-derived gemini quaternary ammonium salts (chlorides and bromides) with various spacer and alkyl chain lengths was investigated. The studied compounds exhibited a strong bactericidal effect, especially bromides with 10 and 12 carbon alkyl chains and 3 carbon spacer groups (TMPAL-10 Br and TMPAL-12 Br), with a short contact time. Both salts dislodged biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and were lethal to adherent cells of S. epidermidis. Bromide with 2 carbon spacer groups and 12 carbon alkyl chains (TMEAL-12 Br) effectively reduced microbial adhesion by coating polystyrene and silicone surfaces. The results obtained suggest that, after further studies, gemini QAS might be considered as antimicrobial agents in medicine or industry.
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