Chemical Profiles of Twenty-three Monovarietal Olive Oils Produced in Liangshan Region of China

Integrated transcriptome and proteome analysis the molecular mechanisms of nutritional quality in 'Chenggu-32' and 'Koroneiki' olives fruits (Olea europaea L.)

In this work, integrated transcriptome and proteome to offer a new insight of the molecular mechanisms linked to the nutritional quality of Koroneiki and Chenggu-32 by RNA sequencing and 4D Label-free quantitative proteomics technology. Physical and chemical properties studies showed that the main nutrient content of Koroneiki was significantly higher than Chenggu-32, proved the quality of Koroneiki was better. Compared to Koroneiki, there were differences in expression levels of 10,115 genes and 723 proteins in Chenggu-32, mainly related to enzymes in lipid metabolism and lipid biosynthesis. Through the joint analysis of transcriptome and proteome, it was found that the differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed proteins on the association were mainly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism and α-linolenic acid metabolism pathways, indicated that the nutritional quality of olive fruits was related to the two metabolic pathways. The results of this study identified key genes and proteins related to nutrient metabolism and accumulation in olive fruits, provided transcriptomic and proteomic information for the molecular mechanism of nutritional changes in olive fruit, it helps to develop higher quality olive trees.

Analysis of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Idesia polycarpa Pulp Oil from Five Regions in China

Idesia polycarpa pulp oil (IPPO) has the potential to become the new high-quality vegetable oil. The chemical parameters, fatty acid composition, bioactive ingredients, and antioxidant capacity of five Chinese regions of IPPO were studied comparatively, with significant differences among the regions. The oils were all abundant in unsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic acid (63.07 ± 0.03%–70.69 ± 0.02%), oleic acid (5.20 ± 0.01%–7.49 ± 0.03%), palmitoleic acid (4.31 ± 0.01%–8.19 ± 0.01%) and linolenic acid (0.84 ± 0.03%–1.34 ± 0.01%). IPPO is also rich in active substances such as tocopherols (595.05 ± 11.81–1490.20 ± 20.84 mg/kg), which are made up of α, β, γ and δ isomers, β-sitosterol (1539.83 ± 52.41–2498.17 ± 26.05 mg/kg) and polyphenols (106.77 ± 0.86–266.50 ± 2.04 mg GAE/kg oil). The free radical scavenging capacity of IPPO varies significantly depending on the region. This study may provide important guidance for the selection of Idesia polycarpa and offer insights into the industrial application of IPPO in China.