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An Imaging and Histological Study on Intrahepatic Microvascular Passage of Contrast Materials in Rat Liver. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1419545. [PMID: 28293625 PMCID: PMC5331418 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1419545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background. Lipiodol has been applied for decades in transarterial chemoembolization to treat liver malignancies, but its intrahepatic pathway through arterioportal shunt (APS) in the liver has not been histologically revealed. This rodent experiment was conducted to provide evidence for the pathway of Lipiodol delivered through the hepatic artery (HA) but found in the portal vein (PV) and to elucidate the observed unidirectional APS. Methods. Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups receiving systemic or local arterial infusion of red-stained iodized oil (RIO) or its hydrosoluble substitute barium sulfate suspension (BSS), or infusion of BSS via the PV, monitored by real-time digital radiography. Histomorphology of serial frozen and paraffin sections was performed and quantified. Results. After HA infusion, RIO and BSS appeared extensively in PV lumens with peribiliary vascular plexus (PVP) identified as the responsible anastomotic channel. After PV infusion, BSS appeared predominantly in the PV and surrounding sinusoids and to a much lesser extent in the PVP and HA (P < 0.001). Fluid mechanics well explains the one-way-valve phenomenon of APS. Conclusions. Intravascularly injected rat livers provide histomorphologic evidences: (1) the PVP exists in between the HA and PV, which is responsible to the APS of Lipiodol; and (2) the intrahepatic vascular inflow appears HA-PVP-PV unidirectional without a physical one-way valve, which can be postulated by the fluid mechanics.
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Pharmacologic Effects of Cannabidiol on Acute Reperfused Myocardial Infarction in Rabbits: Evaluated With 3.0T Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histopathology. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 66:354-63. [PMID: 26065843 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) has anti-inflammatory effects. We explored its therapeutic effects on cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury with an experimental imaging platform. Reperfused acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was induced in rabbits with a 90-minute coronary artery occlusion followed by 24-hour reperfusion. Before reperfusion, rabbits received 2 intravenous doses of 100 μg/kg CBD (n = 10) or vehicle (control, n = 10). Evans blue was intravenously injected for later detection of the AMI core. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed to evaluate cardiac morphology and function. After euthanasia, blood troponin I (cTnI) was assessed, and the heart was excised and infused with multifunctional red iodized oil dye. The heart was sliced for digital radiography to quantify the perfusion density rate, area at risk (AAR), and myocardial salvage index, followed by histomorphologic staining. Compared with controls, CBD treatment improved systolic wall thickening (P < 0.05), significantly increased blood flow in the AAR (P < 0.05), significantly decreased microvascular obstruction (P < 0.05), increased the perfusion density rate by 1.7-fold, lowered the AMI core/AAR ratio (P < 0.05), and increased the myocardial salvage index (P < 0.05). These improvements were associated with reductions in serum cTnI, cardiac leukocyte infiltration, and myocellular apoptosis (P < 0.05). Thus, CBD therapy reduced AMI size and facilitated restoration of left ventricular function. We demonstrated that this experimental platform has potential theragnostic utility.
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Xia Q, Feng Y, Yin T, Liu Y, Liang S, Liu J, Tong L, Huang G, Yu J, Jiang Y, Himmelreich U, Oyen R, Ni Y. A multifunctional contrast dye for morphological research. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:111-21. [PMID: 26748868 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to devise and test a multifunctional contrast dye agent for X-ray based digital radiography (DR) or computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and colored staining in ex vivo validation part of animal experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The custom-formulated contrast dye namely red iodized oil (RIO) was prepared by solubilizing a lipophilic dye Oil Red O in iodized poppy seed oil (Lipiodol or LPD) followed by physicochemical characterizations. To explore and test the utility of RIO, normal rats (n = 10) and rabbits (n = 10) with myocardial infarction (MI) were euthanized by overdose of pentobarbital for infusion of RIO through catheterization. The bodies and/or excised organs including heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, and intestines of the rats and rabbits were imaged at clinical mammography, CT and MRI units. These images were qualitatively studied and quantitatively analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank test with a P value < 0.05 being considered of a statistically significant difference. Imaging findings were verified by histomorphology. RESULTS All experimental procedures were carried out successfully with the use of RIO. T1 and T2 relaxation time was 234.2 ± 2.6 ms and 141.9 ± 3.0 ms for RIO, close to that of native LPD. Proton ((1) H) NMR spectroscopy revealed almost identical profiles between RIO and native LPD. The clinical mammography unit, 128-slice CT scanner and 3.0T MRI magnet were well adapted for the animal experiments. Combined use of RIO with DR, MRI, CT and histology enabled microangiography of the organs, 3D visualization of rat pancreas, validation of in vivo cardiac quantification of MI and cause determination of the rabbit death after coronary occlusion. RIO appeared as red droplets and vacuoles in vessels by frozen and paraffin sections. Image analysis showed the superiority of DR images, which provided better overall image quality (4.35 ± 0.49) for all analyzed liver vessel segments. MRI images revealed moderate to good overall image quality ratings (3.45 ± 0.52). Comparing the signal intensities of vessel and liver with different MRI sequences, all P values were <0.01. CONCLUSIONS RIO proved to be a multifunctional contrast dye, which could be applied as an imaging biomarker for tissue vascularity or blood perfusion, for visualization of organ anatomy and for ex vivo validation of in vivo animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yuanbo Feng
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ting Yin
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yewei Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sayuan Liang
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Linjun Tong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yansheng Jiang
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Raymond Oyen
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Feng Y, Bogaert J, Oyen R, Ni Y. An overview on development and application of an experimental platform for quantitative cardiac imaging research in rabbit models of myocardial infarction. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2014; 4:358-75. [PMID: 25392822 PMCID: PMC4213418 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2013.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To exploit the advantages of using rabbits for cardiac imaging research and to tackle the technical obstacles, efforts have been made under the framework of a doctoral research program. In this overview article, by cross-referencing the current literature, we summarize how we have developed a preclinical cardiac research platform based on modified models of reperfused myocardial infarction (MI) in rabbits; how the in vivo manifestations of cardiac imaging could be closely matched with those ex vivo macro- and microscopic findings; how these imaging outcomes could be quantitatively analyzed, validated and demonstrated; and how we could apply this cardiac imaging platform to provide possible solutions to certain lingering diagnostic and therapeutic problems in experimental cardiology. In particular, tissue components in acute cardiac ischemia have been stratified and characterized, post-infarct lipomatous metaplasia (LM) as a common but hardly illuminated clinical pathology has been identified in rabbit models, and a necrosis avid tracer as well as an anti-ischemic drug have been successfully assessed for their potential utilities in clinical cardiology. These outcomes may interest the researchers in the related fields and help strengthen translational research in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Feng
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Theragnostic Laboratory, Radiology Section, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Bogaert
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Theragnostic Laboratory, Radiology Section, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raymond Oyen
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Theragnostic Laboratory, Radiology Section, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yicheng Ni
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Theragnostic Laboratory, Radiology Section, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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Feng Y, Chen F, Ma Z, Dekeyzer F, Yu J, Xie Y, Cona MM, Oyen R, Ni Y. Towards stratifying ischemic components by cardiac MRI and multifunctional stainings in a rabbit model of myocardial infarction. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 4:24-35. [PMID: 24396513 PMCID: PMC3881225 DOI: 10.7150/thno.7188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to identify critical components of myocardial infarction (MI) including area at risk (AAR), MI-core and salvageable zone (SZ) by using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) and multifunctional stainings in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen rabbits received 90-min coronary artery (CA) ligation and reopening to induce reperfused MI. First-pass perfusion weighted imaging (PWI(90')) was performed immediately before CA reperfusion. Necrosis avid dye Evans blue (EB) was intravenously injected for later MI-core detection. One-day later, cMRI with T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), PWI(24h) and delayed enhancement (DE) T1WI was performed at a 3.0T clinical scanner. The heart was excised and CA was re-ligated with aorta infused by red-iodized-oil (RIO). The heart was sliced into 3-mm sections for digital radiography (DR), histology and planimetry with myocardial salvage index (MSI) and perfusion density rate (PDR) calculated. RESULTS There was no significant difference between MI-cores defined by DE-T1WI and EB-staining (31.13±8.55% vs 29.80±7.97%; p=0.74). The AAR was defined similarly by PWI90' (39.93±9.51%), RIO (38.82±14.41%) and DR (38.17±15.98%), underestimated by PWI(24h) (36.44±5.31%), but overestimated (p<0.01) by T2WI (56.93±8.87%). Corresponding MSI turned out to be 24.17±9.5% (PWI(90')), 21.97±9.41% (DR) and 22.68±9.65% (RIO), which were significantly (p<0.01) higher and lower than that with PWI(24h) (15.15±7.34%) and T2WI (45.52±7.5%) respectively. The PDR differed significantly (p<0.001) between normal myocardium (350.6±33.1%) and the AAR (31.2±15%), suggesting 11-times greater blood perfusion in normal myocardium over the AAR. CONCLUSION The introduced rabbit platform and new staining techniques together with the use of a 3.0T clinical scanner for cMRI enabled visualization of MI components and may contribute to translational cardiac imaging research for improved theranostic management of ischemic heart disease.
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