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Li Y, He H, Wang J, Chen Y, Wang C, Li X, Dai A, Liu Y, Xi X, Huang J, Zou M, Fan Y, Zhou M, Yi P, Yu L, Lei X. Effect of multidisciplinary health education based on lifestyle medicine on menopausal syndrome and lifestyle behaviors of menopausal women: A clinical controlled study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1119352. [PMID: 37006585 PMCID: PMC10060660 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1119352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMenopausal women may experience menopausal syndrome and long-term effects caused by low estrogen levels, such as senile dementia and osteoporosis in the elderly. Most menopausal women may have misconceptions about menopause and low use of pharmacological interventions. These misconceptions may damage the quality of life and miss the critical period for preventing senile diseases. Thus, enhancing the awareness of menopausal women regarding psychosocial and physical changes through health education programs was a way to improve positive attitudes toward menopause and make further treatment options.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of multidisciplinary health education based on lifestyle medicine on menopausal syndrome and lifestyle behaviors of menopausal women.MethodsThe study was conducted in several hospitals in Chongqing, China. The two groups were from different hospitals with similar medical levels in order to reduce information contamination. It was designed as a clinical controlled trial in which the intervention group (n = 100) and control group (n = 87) were matched for age, age at menarche, menopausal symptoms and drug use status at enrollment. Women in the intervention group received multidisciplinary health education based on lifestyle medicine for 2 months while those in the control group received routine outpatient health guidance. Menopausal syndrome, physical activity and dietary status of participants were assessed before and after the intervention. Paired t-tests and Independent-sample t-tests were adopted for comparison within and between groups, respectively, in the normal variables. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were adopted for comparison within and between group, respectively, in the abnormal variables. Categorical variables were tested using Pearson's χ2. P-value < 0.05 was statistically significant in statistical tests.ResultsPost intervention testing indicated that menopausal syndrome of participants was significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Between-group comparison showed a significant improvement of weekly energy expenditure of total physical activity (P = 0.001) and participation in exercise (P < 0.001) in the intervention group compared to the control group after the intervention. The dietary status of participants was significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). In the intervention group, the menopausal syndrome of participants improved more in the hormone drug group than in the non-hormone group (P = 0.007), as did the control group (P = 0.02). In the hormone drug group, the physical activity (P = 0.003) and dietary status (P = 0.001) mproved more in the intervention group than in the control group.ConclusionsThe multidisciplinary health education based on lifestyle medicine was effective in improving the menopausal syndrome and healthy lifestyle behaviors of menopausal women. Studies with extended observation period and larger sample size are in need to evaluate the long-term scale-up effects of the multidisciplinary health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmei Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyang He
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyuan Wang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Anqi Dai
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mi Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Fan
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingfang Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Lili Yu
| | - Xun Lei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xun Lei
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Wang L, Zhang R, Yang Y, Sun X, Zhang B, Zhu H, Luo X, Ma X, Zhang X. Severity and factors of menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women in Gansu Province of China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:405. [PMID: 34879847 PMCID: PMC8653527 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the severity and risk factors of menopausal symptoms in the middle-aged women in Gansu Province of China. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 7319 women (aged 40-55 years) attended the health survey in Gansu Province in China were enrolled. Information on demographics, menopausal status, reproductive history, and history of chronic diseases was collected via a structured questionnaire. Severity of menopausal symptom was evaluated by the Modified Kupperman Menopausal Index. Ordinal logistic regression model was applied to explore its risk factors. RESULTS A total of 7319 participants were included in present study, among them, 3606 (49.27%) had moderate or severe menopausal symptom. Compared with premenopausal women, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women have a higher mKMI score. We observed that older age, higher BMI, non-married status, longer duration of menstruation (≥ 7 days), number of pregnancy (> 3 times), longer duration of breastfeeding (> 12 months), peri- or post-menopausal status, and menopause hormone therapy was positively associated with menopausal symptom score, while higher level of family income, educational and physical activity, and history of gynecological, breast or chronic disease were negatively associated with the score. CONCLUSIONS Numerous factors were associated with the severity of menopausal symptom among the Chinese women. Because it was gradually increased with aging, more attention is warranted to manage the menopausal symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiRong Wang
- The Reproductive Medicine Special Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- The Reproductive Medicine Special Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ye Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - XiaoYan Sun
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - BaoLi Zhang
- The Reproductive Medicine Special Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - HaiYing Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - XiaoRong Luo
- The First School of Clinical Medicine of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - XiaoLing Ma
- The Reproductive Medicine Special Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - XueHong Zhang
- The Reproductive Medicine Special Hospital of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo of Gansu Province, No. 1, Donggangxi Rd, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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Thomas A, Daley AJ. Women's views about physical activity as a treatment for vasomotor menopausal symptoms: a qualitative study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2020; 20:203. [PMID: 32928185 PMCID: PMC7488995 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Women commonly seek medical advice about menopausal symptoms. Although menopausal hormone therapy is the most effective treatment, many women prefer non-pharmacological treatments, such as physical activity. The effectiveness of physical activity has been inconclusive when assessed by randomised controlled trials, and it remains unclear how women feel about it as a possible treatment approach. The aim of the study was to explore symptomatic menopausal women’s views and experiences of physical activity as a treatment for vasomotor and other menopausal symptoms. Methods An in-depth qualitative study was embedded within a randomised controlled trial that assessed the effectiveness of physical activity as a treatment for vasomotor menopausal symptoms in previously inactive vasomotor symptomatic women. Participants were randomised to one of two physical activity interventions or a usual care group. Both physical activity interventions involved two one-to-one consultations, plus either supporting materials or access to physical activity support groups, over 6 months. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 purposively selected participants from all three trial groups after they had completed trial follow-up. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed by constant comparison. Results All participants talked positively about physical activity as a treatment for their menopausal symptoms, with most reporting participation had improved their hot flushes and night sweats. They reported that they had experienced improved sleep, physical health and psychological well-being. Those who received the physical activity plus social-support intervention reported their ability to cope with their menopausal symptoms had improved. Many participants commented that they would prefer doctors to discuss physical activity as a possible treatment for their hot flushes and night sweats, before offering medication. Conclusions Based on the views and experiences of the women who participated in this study, healthcare professionals should continue discussing physical activity as a potential first treatment option with menopausal women. Furthermore, healthcare professionals should ensure they prepare, support, and encourage these women both physically and emotionally. Trial registration ISRCTN ISRCTN06495625 Registered 10/11/2010
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Thomas
- Office of HDR Training and Partnerships, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda J Daley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
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Impact of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Education Intervention on Health-Promoting Behaviors and Health Status of Postmenopausal Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study from Sri Lanka. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4060426. [PMID: 31930119 PMCID: PMC6942773 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4060426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Health promotion through lifestyle education is an important measure to enhance health status of postmenopausal women (PMW). This study evaluated the effectiveness of health-promoting lifestyle education intervention (HPLEI) on adhering to health-promoting behaviors (HPB) and enhancing the health status in a group of Sri Lankan PMW. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with randomly selected, sociodemographic status matched, 72 PMW from two geographically separated areas in Galle District, Sri Lanka, allocated as experimental (n = 37, 54.6 ± 4.5 years) and control (n = 35, 56.5 ± 3.4 years) groups. Education intervention focused on postmenopausal health management including lifestyle modifications was performed only for the experimental group during 8 weeks, and a health education package was provided. The control group was not given any planned education programme. Both groups were followed up for a 6-month period. HPB and menopausal symptoms severity were evaluated by validated Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II and Menopause Rating Scale, respectively. Anthropometric adiposity indices (AAIs) including weight, body mass index (BMI), waist (WC) and hip (HC) circumferences, and waist to hip ratio (WHR); cardiovascular disease risk indicators (CVDRI) including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol and triglycerides, muscle strength; hand grip strength (HGS) and physical performance (PP); gait speed (GS) were measured. All parameters were evaluated before the intervention (baseline) and after follow-up of 6 months. All evaluated parameters were not different between experimental and control groups (p > 0.05) at the baseline. In the follow-up evaluation, HPB (p < 0.001), menopausal symptom scores (p < 0.001), AAI (p < 0.001), CVDRI (SBP, DBP, and FBS) (p < 0.05) and HGS and GS (p < 0.001) were significantly improved in the experimental group but not in the control group. Health education intervention focused on health-promoting lifestyle modifications is effective in improving the adherence to HPB and enhances the health status in PMW. This provides positive impact in lifestyle medicine.
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Moghadam FS, Mahmoodi Z, Kabir K, Mirabi P, Yazdkhasti M. Effectiveness of a Multi-Dimensional Group Counseling Program Based on the GATHER Approach on the Quality of Life in Surgically Menopausal Women. J Menopausal Med 2019; 25:130-141. [PMID: 32307938 PMCID: PMC6952707 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.19200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Surgical menopause can influence women's quality of life in many aspects. This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a multi-dimensional group counseling program based on the great clients, ask clients, tell clients, help clients, explain how to use, return for follow up (GATHER) approach, on quality of life in the surgically menopausal women. METHODS This randomized clinical trial was conducted using two groups. The study comprised 78 women meeting inclusion criteria who had visited 4 healthcare centers in Tehran from December 2017 to September 2018. The participants were selected through simple random sampling (39 in each group). The intervention group underwent 6 consecutive weekly group counseling sessions based on GATHER approach, whereas the control group received no interventions. Data were collected using the Menopause-specific Quality of Life questionnaire at 4 time-points (i.e., baseline, immediately after the intervention, 1 month after the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention). RESULTS The trend of changes at four time-points obtained on the basis of repeated measures test results showed significant betweengroup differences in vasomotor (P = 0.001), psychosocial (P = 0.025), and physical (P = 0.001) domains. Friedman test showed significant between-group differences in the mean score trend of changes at 4 time-points in sexual (P = 0.002) and overall quality of life (P = 0.004) domains. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the study results, implementation of this approach with less expenditure in healthcare centers aimed at improving quality of life in surgically menopausal women is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zohreh Mahmoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Kourosh Kabir
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mirabi
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Yazdkhasti
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Iliodromiti S, Wang W, Lumsden MA, Hunter MS, Bell R, Mishra G, Hickey M. Variation in menopausal vasomotor symptoms outcomes in clinical trials: a systematic review. BJOG 2019; 127:320-333. [PMID: 31621155 PMCID: PMC6972542 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is substantial variation in how menopausal vasomotor symptoms are reported and measured among intervention studies. This has prevented meaningful comparisons between treatments and limited data synthesis. OBJECTIVES To review systematically the outcome reporting and measures used to assess menopausal vasomotor symptoms from randomised controlled trials of treatments. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to May 2018. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials with a primary outcome of menopausal vasomotor symptoms in women and a sample size of at least 20 women per study arm. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data about study characteristics, primary vasomotor-related outcomes and methods of measuring them. MAIN RESULTS The search identified 5591 studies, 214 of which were included. Forty-nine different primary reported outcomes were identified for vasomotor symptoms and 16 different tools had been used to measure these outcomes. The most commonly reported outcomes were frequency (97/214), severity (116/214), and intensity (28/114) of vasomotor symptoms or a composite of these outcomes (68/214). There was little consistency in how the frequency and severity/intensity of vasomotor symptoms were defined. CONCLUSIONS There is substantial variation in how menopausal vasomotor symptoms have been reported and measured in treatment trials. Future studies should include standardised outcome measures which reflect the priorities of patients, clinicians, and researchers. This is most effectively achieved through the development of a Core Outcome Set. This systematic review is the first step towards development of a Core Outcome Set for menopausal vasomotor symptoms. TWEETABLE SUMMARY Menopausal hot flushes and night sweats have been reported in 49 different ways in clinical research. A core outcome set is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Iliodromiti
- Women's Health Division, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - W Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - M A Lumsden
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M S Hunter
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - R Bell
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G Mishra
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Hickey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne and The Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Koçak DY, Kızılkaya Beji N. Türkiye'de Sağlığı Geliştirme Eğitim ve Danışmanlık Programının kadınlarda menopozal belirtilerin azaltılmasına yönelik etkisi. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.487852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Malik E, Sheoran P, Siddiqui A. Health-Promoting Behaviors and Menopausal Symptoms: An Interventional Study in Rural India. J Midlife Health 2019; 9:200-206. [PMID: 30692816 PMCID: PMC6332721 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_96_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Menopausal transition initiates with menstrual cycle length variety and finishes when last menstrual period happens. As life expectancy has increased, a menopausal woman has to spend one-third of her life span with estrogen deprivation stage that leads to major long-term symptomatic and metabolic complications. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted on 103 menopausal women between 40 and 60 years of age residing in Ambala district, Haryana. In the experimental group, women received lifestyle modification program that includes six domains, i.e., health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, interpersonal relations, and stress management. Intervention was divided into two sessions of total 2-h duration on 2 consecutive days. Sociodemographic pro forma, Menopausal Rating Scale, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II were used to collect data from women through face-to-face interview. Results: There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in mean menopausal symptom score and mean health-promoting behavior score in the experimental group after the intervention, but there was no significant difference in the comparison group (P > 0.05). It was revealed that there was no significant difference between the groups with regard to mean menopausal symptom score and mean health-promoting behavior score before intervention (P < 0.05). The mean posttest menopausal symptom score (t = −8.99, P = 0.01**) was significantly low and the mean health-promoting behavior score (t = 8.7, P = 0.01**) was significantly high in the experimental group. Conclusion: Based on the finding of the study, it can be concluded that Lifestyle modification program was significantly effective in reducing menopausal symptoms and improving health-promoting behaviors among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Malik
- Department of OBG Nursing, MM College of Nursing, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Poonam Sheoran
- Department of OBG Nursing, MM College of Nursing, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Adiba Siddiqui
- Department of OBG Nursing, MM College of Nursing, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Rindner L, Strömme G, Nordeman L, Wigren M, Hange D, Gunnarsson R, Rembeck G. Prevalence of somatic and urogenital symptoms as well as psychological health in women aged 45 to 55 attending primary health care: a cross-sectional study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2017; 17:128. [PMID: 29221473 PMCID: PMC5723029 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women's physical and mental ill-health such as stress-related symptoms, depression, pain, hypertension and urogenital health shows a marked increase around the ages 45-55 years. These women are an important group for Primary Health Care (PHC) due to their prevalent symptoms and illnesses. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms in women aged 45-55 attending PHC and evaluate factors associated with severe symptoms. METHODS One hundred and thirty-one women were recruited from PHC in southwestern Sweden. Data were obtained from two self-reported questionnaires, the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). RESULTS Exhaustion, depressive mood, muscle and joint problems, sleep and sexual problems were the most prevalent reported symptoms. Half of the women reported heart discomfort. Depression and increasing age were correlated to more severe symptoms. CONCLUSION We recommend that cardiovascular risk factors, musculoskeletal symptoms, sexual problems, sleeping problems and mental health should be actively asked for when women aged 45 to 55 attend PHC. We propose that preventive counselling of women in PHC before the age 45 should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Rindner
- Närhälsan, Skene Health Care Center, Varbergsvägen 80, SE-511 81, Skene, Sweden. .,Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Närhälsan, Research and Development, Primary Health Care Region, Västra Götaland, Sweden. .,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gunilla Strömme
- Närhälsan Svenljunga Antenatal Clinic, Svenljunga, Sweden.,Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Närhälsan, Research and Development, Primary Health Care Region, Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Lena Nordeman
- Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Närhälsan, Research and Development, Primary Health Care Region, Västra Götaland, Sweden.,Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Unit of Physiotherapy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience, Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareta Wigren
- Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Närhälsan, Research and Development, Primary Health Care Region, Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Dominique Hange
- Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Närhälsan, Research and Development, Primary Health Care Region, Västra Götaland, Sweden.,Närhälsan, Svenljunga Health Care Center, Svenljunga, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ronny Gunnarsson
- Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Närhälsan, Research and Development, Primary Health Care Region, Västra Götaland, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,General Practice and Rural Medicine, Cairns Clinical School, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Gun Rembeck
- Research and Development Center Södra Älvsborg, Närhälsan, Research and Development, Primary Health Care Region, Västra Götaland, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Närhälsan Borås Adolescent Health Centre, Kvarngatan 4, 50336, Borås, Sweden
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