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Sufarnap E, Harahap KI, Cynthiana S, Reza M. Nickel and copper ion release, deflection and the surface roughness of copper-nickel-titanium orthodontic archwire in sodium fluoride solution. J Orthod Sci 2023; 12:44. [PMID: 37881660 PMCID: PMC10597362 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_92_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sodium fluoride (NaF) is commonly used in oral hygiene products, leading to corrosion and reduced archwire properties. In addition, ion release can cause allergies and become toxic to the oral environment. This research aimed to observe the Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu) ions released that affected initial corrosion as deflection and surface roughness changed in the Copper-Nickel-Titanium (CuNiTi) archwire. MATERIAL AND METHODS The total samples were 54 copper-nickel-titanium (CuNiTi-Tanzo, American orthodontic®) archwires immersed in three solutions. Artificial saliva was used in the control group NaF 0.05%, and a NaF 0.15% solution was used in the intervention groups (n = 6). The groups were divided into three observation times (two, four, and six weeks). Cu and Ni ions released, deflection, the surface roughness of the archwires, and solution acidities were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Ni and Cu ion release and surface roughness of the CuNiTi archwires significantly increased as the NaF concentration increased. The Ni ion release improved along the immersion period; the opposite was true for the Cu ion release. The solutions became more alkaline after the CuNiTi archwires were immersed. The pH and the archwires' deflections of the three solutions did not show significant differences. CONCLUSION The NaF increased Cu-Ni ion release and surface roughness but not the deflection force of the CuNiTi. The increase was affected by the concentration and duration of immersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erliera Sufarnap
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, North Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Kholidina Imanda Harahap
- Department of Dental Material, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Sally Cynthiana
- Professional Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Reza
- Professional Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
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Kovač V, Bergant M, Ščančar J, Primožič J, Jamnik P, Poljšak B. Causation of Oxidative Stress and Defense Response of a Yeast Cell Model after Treatment with Orthodontic Alloys Consisting of Metal Ions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010063. [PMID: 35052565 PMCID: PMC8772795 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Misaligned teeth have a tremendous impact on oral and dental health, and the most efficient method of correcting the problem is orthodontic treatment with orthodontic appliances. The study was conducted to investigate the metal composition of selected orthodontic alloys, the release of metal ions, and the oxidative consequences that the metal ions may cause in the cell. Different sets of archwires, stainless steel brackets, and molar bands were incubated in artificial saliva for 90 days. The composition of each orthodontic material and quantification of the concentration of metal ions released were evaluated. Metal ion mixtures were prepared to determine the occurrence of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme defense system, and oxidative damage to proteins. The beta titanium alloy released the fewest metal ions and did not cause oxidative stress or protein damage. The metal ions from stainless steel and the cobalt-chromium alloy can cause oxidative stress and protein damage only at high concentrations. All metal ions from orthodontic alloys alter the activity of antioxidant enzymes in some way. The determined amounts of metal ions released from orthodontic appliances in a simulated oral environment are still below the maximum tolerated dose, and the concentrations of released metal ions are not capable of inducing oxidative stress, although some changes in antioxidant enzyme activity were observed at these concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Kovač
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Matic Bergant
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.B.); (J.Š.)
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.B.); (J.Š.)
| | - Jasmina Primožič
- Department of Dental and Jaw Orthopedics, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski trg 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Polona Jamnik
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Borut Poljšak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence:
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Yadav A, Jayaprakash PK, Singh R, Dawer M, Modi P, Sehdev B, Ganji KK. Impact of recycling on the mechanical properties of nickel-titanium alloy wires and the efficacy of their reuse after cold sterilization. J Orthod Sci 2020; 9:10. [PMID: 33354536 PMCID: PMC7749455 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_45_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the feasibility of reusing nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy wires after 6 weeks of intraoral use by evaluating the changes in the load-deflection properties and surface characterization of these alloy wires after cold sterilization by immersion in 2% of acidic glutaraldehyde for 10 h. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty wires each in three groups of G1-as-received wires (ARW), G2-unsterilized used wires, and G3-sterilized used wires (SUW) were tested by the three-point bending test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were subjected to statistics, one-way analysis of variance, and Bonferroni posthoc test for comparison. RESULTS Recycling of NiTi wires produced statistically insignificant changes in both the loading and unloading properties of the wires. The forces needed to twist the used wires, that is, G2-(UUW) and G3-(SUW) were lower than G1-(ARW), suggesting lowering of the stiffness of the wires. Superelasticity is well-maintained by G2-(UUW) and G3-(SUW) although there is an insignificant lowering of the forces exerted by them during loading and unloading. SEM demonstrated no increase in the pitting of surfaces in both G2-(UUW) and G3-(SUW); multiple areas were seen to be more smoothened over G2-(UUW) and G3-(SUW) NiTi wires surfaces. CONCLUSION The findings of this study support the reuse of NiTi wires after 6 weeks of use in oral conditions followed by cold sterilization by immersion in 2% acidic glutaraldehyde for 10 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Yadav
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Teerthankar Mahaveer Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam K Jayaprakash
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Teerthankar Mahaveer Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeshwar Singh
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
| | - Meeta Dawer
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Teerthankar Mahaveer Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Palash Modi
- Consultant Orthodontist, Phoenix Hospital, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | | | - Kiran K Ganji
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, KSA
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Mirhashemi A, Jahangiri S, Kharrazifard M. Release of nickel and chromium ions from orthodontic wires following the use of teeth whitening mouthwashes. Prog Orthod 2018; 19:4. [PMID: 29399703 PMCID: PMC5797726 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-018-0203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corrosion resistance is an important requirement for orthodontic appliances. Nickel and chromium may be released from orthodontic wires and can cause allergic reactions and cytotoxicity when patients use various mouthwashes to whiten their teeth. Our study aimed to assess the release of nickel and chromium ions from nickel titanium (NiTi) and stainless steel (SS) orthodontic wires following the use of four common mouthwashes available on the market. METHODS This in vitro, experimental study was conducted on 120 orthodontic appliances for one maxillary quadrant including five brackets, one band and half of the required length of SS, and NiTi wires. The samples were immersed in Oral B, Oral B 3D White Luxe, Listerine, and Listerine Advance White for 1, 6, 24, and 168 h. The samples immersed in distilled water served as the control group. Atomic absorption spectroscopy served to quantify the amount of released ions. RESULTS Nickel ions were released from both wires at all time-points; the highest amount was in Listerine and the lowest in Oral B mouthwashes. The remaining two solutions were in-between this range. The process of release of chromium from the SS wire was the same as that of nickel. However, the release trend in NiTi wires was not uniform. CONCLUSIONS Listerine caused the highest release of ions. Listerine Advance White, Oral B 3D White Luxe, and distilled water were the same in terms of ion release. Oral B showed the lowest amount of ion release.
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Affiliation(s)
- AmirHossein Mirhashemi
- Orthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Jahangiri
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - MohammadJavad Kharrazifard
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Čolić M, Tomić S, Rudolf R, Marković E, Šćepan I. Differences in cytocompatibility, dynamics of the oxide layers' formation, and nickel release between superelastic and thermo-activated nickel-titanium archwires. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:128. [PMID: 27364903 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Superelastic (SE) and thermo-activated (TA) nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires are used in everyday orthodontic practice, based on their acceptable biocompatibility and well-defined shape memory properties. However, the differences in their surface microstructure and cytotoxicity have not been clearly defined, and the standard cytotoxicity tests are too robust to detect small differences in the cytotoxicity of these alloys, all of which can lead to unexpected adverse reactions in some patients. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the differences in manufacture and microstructure of commercially available SE and TA archwires may influence their biocompatibility. The archwires were studied as-received and after conditioning for 24 h or 35 days in a cell culture medium under static conditions. All of the tested archwires, including their conditioned medium (CM), were non-cytotoxic for L929 cells, but Rematitan SE (both as received and conditioned) induced the apoptosis of rat thymocytes in a direct contact. In contrast, TruFlex SE and Equire TA increased the proliferation of thymocytes. The cytotoxic effect of Rematitan SE correlated with the higher release of Ni ions in CM, higher concentration of surface Ni and an increased oxygen layer thickness after the conditioning. In conclusion, the apoptosis assay on rat thymocytes, in contrast to the less sensitive standard assay on L929 cells, revealed that Rematitan SE was less cytocompatible compared to other archwires and the effect was most probably associated with a higher exposition of the cells to Ni on the surface of the archwire, due to the formation of unstable oxide layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miodrag Čolić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, Institute for Medical Research, University of Defense in Belgrade, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, Institute for Medical Research, University of Defense in Belgrade, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Rebeka Rudolf
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Ivana Šćepan
- School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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