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Bastow S, Greszler C. Exploring the Value of Medical Affairs Learning Experiences for Pharmacy Students and Residents. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2024; 88:100687. [PMID: 38493877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2024.100687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this article is 3-fold: to strengthen the understanding of medical affairs (MA) among pharmacy professionals; to provide greater visibility into the value experienced by educators, learners, and the practice of pharmacy across the health care ecosystem when MA learning opportunities are available; and to provide a framework for organizations who seek to establish an MA experiential rotation. The authors collated information from published literature, anecdotal experience, and interviews with experiential education leaders from several colleges of pharmacy. As a result, the article summarizes the current perceptions of MA practice among educators and students and highlights how MA experiences may support pharmacy learners in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bastow
- Becton Dickinson and Company, Medical Affairs, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA.
| | - Craig Greszler
- Becton Dickinson and Company, Medical Affairs, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA
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Steenhoek RJ, Richter LM. An Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience in a University's Office of Experiential Education. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2022; 86:8429. [PMID: 35365487 PMCID: PMC10159452 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) requires pharmacy students to complete 1440 hours of advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). The majority of all APPE hours should be in direct patient care; however, non-patient care electives can also help to prepare students to become practice ready as well as allow them to explore areas of interest. Many pharmacy schools offer elective academic rotations, but an office of experiential education (OEE) academic rotation offers a unique academic elective. This Commentary describes an OEE APPE and includes the views of a preceptor and a pharmacy student regarding the experience. A detailed list of activities for an OEE APPE that can be easily duplicated by other schools is provided. The OEE APPE can be completed online or in-person, creating greater flexibility for administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley J Steenhoek
- North Dakota State University, College of Health Professions, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Lisa M Richter
- North Dakota State University, College of Health Professions, Fargo, North Dakota
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Carr‐Lopez SM, Strohecker LA, Miyahara RK, Patel RA, Mai YT, Shek A, Law EJ. Impact of a veterans affairs primary care collaboration to provide remote
team‐based
care and telehealth introductory pharmacy practice experiences. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sian M. Carr‐Lopez
- Primary Care Service VA Northern California Health Care System Mather California USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy Stockton California USA
| | - Lorrie A. Strohecker
- Primary Care Service VA Northern California Health Care System Mather California USA
| | - Randell K. Miyahara
- Primary Care Service VA Northern California Health Care System Mather California USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy Stockton California USA
| | - Rajul A. Patel
- Primary Care Service VA Northern California Health Care System Mather California USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy Stockton California USA
| | - Yvonne T. Mai
- Primary Care Service VA Northern California Health Care System Mather California USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy Stockton California USA
| | - Allen Shek
- Primary Care Service VA Northern California Health Care System Mather California USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy Stockton California USA
| | - Elaine J. Law
- Primary Care Service VA Northern California Health Care System Mather California USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy Stockton California USA
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Masterson J, Rafferty A, Michalets EL. The Clinical Training Center: A layered‐learning rotation model to meet departmental goals at a community teaching hospital. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Masterson
- Mission Hospital Asheville North Carolina USA
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Asheville North Carolina USA
| | - Aubrie Rafferty
- Mission Hospital Asheville North Carolina USA
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Asheville North Carolina USA
| | - Elizabeth Landrum Michalets
- Mission Hospital Asheville North Carolina USA
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Asheville North Carolina USA
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Carr-Lopez SM, Strohecker L, Mai Y, Miyahara RK, Shek A. A Module in Medication Safety Involving Remote Access and Review of Veterans' Health Records. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2020; 84:ajpe7664. [PMID: 34283783 PMCID: PMC7779886 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To describe and assess the effectiveness of an ambulatory care introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) module in medication safety monitoring that was conducted remotely for first- and second-year pharmacy students in collaboration with a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.Methods. A module in medication safety was developed and piloted as part of a required, one-unit IPPE in ambulatory care. The module encompassed three sessions of the 15-week course. Working remotely at the school under the direct supervision of VA clinical pharmacists, students accessed the electronic health records (EHRs) of veterans for whom methotrexate, sulfasalazine, or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists had been prescribed as such patients require ongoing laboratory monitoring to screen for adverse drug effects. After reviewing the record, students ordered laboratory tests under the prescriber's name, documented notes in the patient's EHR, and sent laboratory reminder letters to patients. Students completed a brief survey at the beginning and end of the course. Differences in survey responses were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results. Fifty-eight students reviewed 148 patient records, including non-VA electronic records, and ordered laboratory tests for 79 patients. On the follow-up survey at course completion, students reported significant changes in their ability to monitor laboratory tests, use an actual (non-simulated) EHR to perform patient care, and explain the role of a clinical dashboard to conduct population health activities.Conclusion. Remotely conducting an ambulatory care IPPE course in which pharmacy students used an actual EHR to participate in medication safety monitoring for ambulatory patients expanded the pharmacy school's ability to provide crucial practice experience. Other pharmacy schools struggling with logistical challenges and limited resources should explore this approach to fulfilling the experiential education requirements for pharmacy students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian M Carr-Lopez
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
- University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, Stockton, California
| | | | - Yvonne Mai
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
- University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, Stockton, California
| | - Randell K Miyahara
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
- University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, Stockton, California
| | - Allen Shek
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
- University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, Stockton, California
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Thompson-Quan A, Tran JT, Clinard V. Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experiences at an Academic Medical Center. J Pharm Pract 2020; 33:408-414. [DOI: 10.1177/0897190018810046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs) for pharmacy students are required by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, but guidance for rotational structure is limited. Objective To describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of IPPE rotations at a large, multisite, academic medical center. Conclusion A large IPPE program was successfully implemented and sustained. Rapid cycle changes were made based on post rotational surveys completed by both preceptors and IPPE students to assess and modify the rotations until the average experience was rated at least a 4 on a 5 point scale, illustrating a mutually beneficial collaboration between the Medical Center and the School of Pharmacy. The IPPE program structure and capacity has continued to grow at the Medical Center in a collaborative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Thompson-Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judie T. Tran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Valerie Clinard
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Boyce EG, Harris CS, Bingham AL, Chan E, Chapman SA, Chilbert MR, Dy‐Boarman E, Haines ST, Heavner MS, Marcus KB, Smith SE, Strnad K, Yunker NS. Striving for excellence in experiential education. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric G. Boyce
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy Lenexa Kansas USA
| | | | | | - Emily Chan
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy Lenexa Kansas USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kyle Strnad
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy Lenexa Kansas USA
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Allen CA, Schultz PT, Rivo ML, Tharp JL, Lawson CL, Moen TN, Lewis PO. Engaging student pharmacists to improve Hospital Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems scores. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2020; 12:297-301. [PMID: 32273066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Student pharmacists have historically served in shadowing roles for their experiential training at our institution. However, engaging students through active learning assignments has the potential to benefit both the student and the institution. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of student pharmacists on Hospital Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores, a direct reflection of patient satisfaction within the hospital. METHODS In a four-month quality-improvement pilot project, student pharmacists were given active learning assignments directed at helping patients understand the purpose and side effects of their medications. Patients with hospital-initiated medications were provided with medication cards via student pharmacist-run counseling programs. The primary outcome was top response ("always") in medication-related HCAHPS scores. Secondary outcomes included scores on individual questions, number of medication education encounters, number of interventions, cost savings, and student feedback. RESULTS There were 482 medication education encounters. The top response for all medication-related HCAHPS scores improved by 14% (49% to 63%). Top response regarding medication indication increased 23% (63% to 86%). There were 552 interventions accepted, projecting a savings of $135,658. The top score on student evaluations of the practice site increased 20% (69% to 89%). CONCLUSIONS Student pharmacists can have a meaningful impact on medication-related HCAHPS scores. Additionally, student pharmacists benefit from active learning opportunities by providing and improving patient care leading to a more meaningful experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne A Allen
- Department of Pharmacy, Johnson City Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | | | - Marc L Rivo
- Population Health Innovations, Inc., Miami Beach, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer L Tharp
- Department of Pharmacy, Johnson City Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Cathy L Lawson
- Department of Pharmacy, Johnson City Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Tina N Moen
- IBM Watson Health, Greenwood Village, CO, United States
| | - Paul O Lewis
- Department of Pharmacy, Johnson City Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, United States; Department of Pharmacy, 400 North State of Franklin Road, Johnson City Medical Center, Johnson City, TN, United States.
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Chen Y, Tan D, Xu Y, Wang B, Li X, Cai X, Li M, Tang C, Wu Y, Shu W, Zhang G, Huang J, Zhang Y, Yan Y, Liang X, Yu S. Effects of a HAPA-based multicomponent intervention to improve self-management precursors of older adults with tuberculosis: A community-based randomised controlled trial. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2020; 103:328-335. [PMID: 31543353 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model to improve the self-management precursors of older adults with tuberculosis (TB). METHODS A cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted. Older adults with TB in the intervention communities received HAPA-based multicomponent interventions at the beginning of treatment and in the first and sixth months after treatment initiation, and those in the control communities received health education alone. Self-management precursors were measured at baseline and 1 week after each intervention. RESULTS Among 262 randomized patients, 244 (93%) completed the trial. Compared with the control group, self-management precursor scores for the intervention group increased significantly over time (βgroup*time = 2.92, p < 0.001) in the following 3 precursors: behaviour belief (βgroup*time = 0.35, p < 0.001), behaviour plan (βgroup*time = 0.72, p < 0.001), and self-efficacy (βgroup*time = 1.85, p < 0.001). Education was significantly associated with behaviour belief (β = 0.18, p < 0.05). Chronic comorbidity was significantly associated with behaviour plan (β=-0.26, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with single health education, the HAPA-based multicomponent interventions significantly improved the self-management precursor of older adults with TB. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This HAPA-based multicomponent intervention strategy may be a promising self-management mode for the routine health care of TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dixin Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yihua Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xuhui Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaonan Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Mengyu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cong Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yun Wu
- Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Infectious Disease, Prevention and Control, Enshi, China.
| | - Wen Shu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jiayu Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yaqiong Yan
- Wuhan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xunchang Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Songlin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Ried LD. Length of advanced pharmacy practice experience and first-time NAPLEX pass rate of US pharmacy programs. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2020; 12:14-19. [PMID: 31843159 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objectives of this study were to (1) report the length in weeks of advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) of US pharmacy programs in 2016 and (2) compare first-time North American Pharmacy Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) pass rates according to the length in weeks of the programs' APPEs. METHODS First-time NAPLEX pass rate was obtained from the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy public web page. The length in weeks of programs' individual APPEs (iAPPEs) and program characteristics were obtained from the individual pharmacy programs' web pages. Analysis of variance was used to compare iAPPE length and first-time NAPLEX pass rate and multiple regression was used to quantify the independent influence of iAPPE length on first-time NAPLEX pass rate. RESULTS The length in weeks was evenly distributed among four-, five- and six-week iAPPEs for NAPLEX testing years 2013 to 2015, although six-week iAPPEs have been preferred recently. The first-time NAPLEX pass rate was not associated with the total APPE length or whether the program used four-, five- or six-week iAPPEs for all three years and for the three-year aggregate pass rate. CONCLUSION Six-week iAPPEs were the most common, but not the majority among pharmacy programs. Longer total or individual APPEs did not translate into higher first-time NAPLEX pass rates. Length of iAPPE rotations can be chosen without concern that student pharmacists' performances on first-time NAPLEX pass rates will be significantly impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Douglas Ried
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 2502 Marble Ave., Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States.
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Haltom WR, Dinkins MM, Greene J, Thornhill TH, Brown KPD. Perceived value of partnerships between schools of pharmacy and health systems. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2019; 11:541-546. [PMID: 31213308 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study sought to quantify opinions of statewide health systems stakeholders regarding the value of partnerships with schools of pharmacy. Being better able to meet the needs of preceptors and their employers will allow schools to increase capacity of high-quality pharmacy practice experiences. METHODS A brief survey was developed and administered to statewide contacts from systems currently partnering with member schools of the North Carolina Experiential Education Consortium. Respondents were asked to rate, using a Likert scale, 15 incentive statements relating to potential benefits provided by schools in exchange for experiential rotations. RESULTS Forty-one responses were received from 53 invitees (77% response rate). The two most highly-valued incentives per survey respondents were continuing education (CE) accreditation by the school (74% essential), and access to school resources (74% essential). The lowest scoring incentives included system-wide committee involvement by faculty (26% essential), co-funded faculty positions (29% essential), and resident precepting by faculty (34% essential). CONCLUSIONS Incentive ratings differed significantly from previous reports describing value, which primarily focus on clinical interventions and cost savings provided by student pharmacists. Experiential staff at schools of pharmacy should consider a similar study to ascertain how best to meet the needs of their local partners and maximize commitments for pharmacy practice experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R Haltom
- Wingate University School of Pharmacy, Levine College of Health Sciences, Wingate University, United States.
| | - Melissa M Dinkins
- Wingate University School of Pharmacy, Levine College of Health Sciences, Wingate University, United States.
| | - Joy Greene
- High Point University, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, United States.
| | - Tina H Thornhill
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Campbell University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, United States.
| | - K Paige D Brown
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Campbell University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, United States.
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