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Bunditanukul K, Narajeenron K, Worasilchai N, Saepow S, Nontakityothin N, Ritsamdang J. Evaluating Pharmacy Students' Teamwork Attitudes in Virtual COVID-19 Emergency Department Simulations: A Pilot Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2024; 88:100716. [PMID: 38729614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2024.100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the impact of virtual simulation training on the transformation of teamwork attitudes among pharmacy students in a simulated severe COVID-19 pneumonia scenario in the emergency department. METHODS From July 2022 to January 2023, 16 pharmacy students, along with other health care students, participated in interprofessional simulation rounds. Each pharmacy student was assigned specific days for participation, using either a 3-dimensional computer or a virtual reality headset to manage a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in the virtual emergency department. The TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire (T-TAQ) was used for pre- and post-training assessments. RESULTS The mean baseline T-TAQ score was 119.44 ± 10.63, showing a significant post-training improvement to a mean score of 130.88 ± 8.98 (Hedges' g = 1.52). Stratification by academic year and device type revealed no significant impact on the learning experience. Remarkable enhancements in teamwork attitudes were observed after training, specifically in team structure, situation monitoring, mutual support, and communication domains. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that virtual simulation training in scenarios such as severe COVID-19 effectively augments teamwork attitudes among pharmacy students, preparing them for collaborative practice in high-stakes emergency medicine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittin Bunditanukul
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khuansiri Narajeenron
- Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Navaporn Worasilchai
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarangluck Saepow
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jiraphan Ritsamdang
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Trygg E, Bjällmark A, Ahlander BM, Kihlberg J. Radiographers' confidence in handling iodine based contrast media hypersensitivity reactions. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:21-27. [PMID: 37864987 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media, which is used during computed tomography (CT) examinations, are rare. As a result, radiographers have limited experience handling those situations and may feel uncertainty and a lack of confidence. The aim of this study was to investigate radiographers' confidence in handling hypersensitivity reactions to contrast media during CT examinations. METHODS A survey in the form of a questionnaire was conducted to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. There were 31 clinics that participated in this study, of which four were university hospitals, 17 were medium-sized hospitals and 10 were small hospitals. In total, the questionnaires were distributed to 700 radiographers. The questionnaire contained 12 questions and was distributed via email with a link to the questionnaire. RESULTS Two hundred-ninety radiographers participated in the survey. 72% of the respondents answered in the middle of the four-point scale (2-3) in response to the statement "I feel confident in handling hypersensitivity reactions". 65% answered that they did not have routines for training regularly regarding hypersensitivity reactions. Qualitative data showed that many of the respondents wished to receive education and training regularly. CONCLUSIONS The confidence of radiographers regarding the management of hypersensitivity reactions was deficient and most of the respondents wished they felt more confident. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE To increase radiographers' confidence in handling hypersensitivity reactions, it is recommended that the radiology clinics review their routines and the possibility to implement regular training.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Trygg
- Department of Radiology in Norrköping, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A Bjällmark
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Gjuterigatan 5, SE-553 18, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - B-M Ahlander
- Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Gjuterigatan 5, SE-553 18, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - J Kihlberg
- Department of Radiology in Linköping, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Oliveira TZ, de Rezende CZ, Cardoso HW, Nascimento SF, Cunha JPA, Lemos CA, Varallo FR, Pereira LRL. A Scoping Review of Pharmacists' and Pharmacy Students' Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes in Medical Emergencies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2024; 88:100606. [PMID: 37839555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Competence can be defined as a set of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. In a medical emergency scenario, competent pharmacists are increasingly required, mainly as a result of the expansion of professional functions in this context. Therefore, the objective of this study was to map the scientific evidence that shows the development of knowledge and/or skills, and/or attitudes in the training of pharmacists and pharmacy students to work in emergency care. FINDINGS The scoping review was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases in January 2021, as recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Our study retrieved 6276 files, and 31 articles met the inclusion criteria. It was observed that the studies were developed mainly in the United States of America and addressed the development and/or assessment of knowledge and skills, and training in cardiac emergencies. The most used teaching strategy was simulation, and the most used assessment strategy was feedback and/or debriefing. SUMMARY Publications involving the development of at least 1 domain of clinical competence have increased in the last decade. Thus, the mapping of studies has provided subsidies for identifying gaps in the teaching-learning process, as well as the identification of methodologies applied in the development and assessment of clinical competence for the referred population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Zago Oliveira
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Clara Zambon de Rezende
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Higor Weslley Cardoso
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sofia Fernandes Nascimento
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Alves Cunha
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Assad Lemos
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Rossi Varallo
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Squires K, Heaney S, MacDonald-Wicks L, Johnston C, Brown L. Mapping Simulated-Based Learning Experiences Incorporated Into Professional Placements in Allied Health Programs: A Scoping Review. Simul Healthc 2022; 17:403-415. [PMID: 34966129 PMCID: PMC9722386 DOI: 10.1097/sih.0000000000000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY STATEMENT Emerging literature continues to demonstrate the use of innovative practices such as simulated-based learning experiences to prepare students for professional placements. This scoping review aimed to provide a broad overview of how simulated-based learning experiences have been implemented within or immediately before the professional practice placements of entry-level allied health programs. Four databases (MEDLINE, EMCARE, CINAHL, and Scopus) were searched up to August 2020. Kirkpatrick's evaluation framework was used to categorize outcomes, and the Simulation-Based Research Extension for the CONSORT statement was used to appraise the quality of simulation reporting. The search revealed 6584 unique abstracts with 321 full-text articles reviewed. Forty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. This review has shown a clear trend toward using simulation within or immediately before the professional practice placements of allied health programs. Using Kirkpatrick's evaluation framework, most studies reported on student reaction (level 1) and learning (level 2) obtained during the simulation experience. There was limited evidence showing how the benefits gained in simulation translated to the clinical environment (level 3) or impacted the organization (level 4). Further research is required to review the optimal proximity of simulation to allied health professional placements and how gains are obtained from simulation transition to the clinical environment. In addition, more consistent reporting of simulation methodologies and evaluation methods are needed to strengthen the evidence base.
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Zheng Z, Liao J, Zeng L, Tang H, Li H, Liu Z, Zhan H, Yang Z, Xiong Y, Yuan S. High-Fidelity Patient Simulation Incorporated Into a Flipped Classroom Improves Students' Long-Term Knowledge Retention of Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning. Simul Healthc 2022; 17:e68-e74. [PMID: 35104832 DOI: 10.1097/sih.0000000000000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The flipped classroom (FC) approach and high-fidelity patient simulation (HFPS) training have shown promising effects in short-term acquisition or long-term retention of knowledge in medical education. In this study, we aimed to explore the incorporation of HFPS into the FC and the impact on the long-term (3 months after classes) knowledge retention of medical undergraduate students learning about acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP). METHODS Eighty-two fifth-year medical students were randomly divided into an HFPS group (HG, n = 40) and an FC group (FG, n = 42). A postclass quiz and preinternship quiz were performed to assess the short-term knowledge acquisition and long-term (3 months after classes) knowledge retention of both groups of students. Feedback questionnaires were administered immediately after the class and before the internship to assess the students' self-perceived competency. RESULTS In the postclass quiz, the scores achieved by the students from the HG and FG were 15.58 ± 2.69 and 14.62 ± 2.19, respectively. No significant difference was found between the 2 groups (P = 0.19). In the preinternship quiz, the scores achieved by the students from the HG (14.50 ± 2.16) were significantly higher than those achieved by the students from the FG (11.40 ± 2.07, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the postclass quiz and preinternship quiz scores achieved by the HG students (P = 0.05). However, scores in the preinternship quiz showed a significant decline compared with the postclass quiz for the FG students (P < 0.001). Students in the HG gave significantly higher scores for self-perceived confidence in dealing with AOPP patients in the forthcoming internship on the postclass and preinternship questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS The incorporation of HFPS into the FC approach could improve students' long-term knowledge retention of AOPP and enhance their confidence in caring for these patients in their internship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zheng
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (Z.Z., J.L., L.Z., H.T., H.L., Z.L., H.Z., Z.Y., Y.X.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; and Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital (S.Y.), School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Morris A, Young G, Roller L, Li F, Takamoto P, Baumgartner L. High-fidelity simulation increases pharmacy resident perceived competence during medical emergencies. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2019; 11:1016-1021. [PMID: 31685170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our objective was to assess postgraduate year one (PGY1) pharmacy resident perceived competence during medical emergencies before and after implementation of a longitudinal simulation training curriculum. METHODS At the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Medical Center, PGY1 pharmacy residents serve as primary code team responders for code blue, code sepsis, and code stroke, among other medical emergencies. In 2015, the UCSF Residency Training Program implemented a longitudinal simulation curriculum for PGY1 pharmacy residents. Throughout the residency year, residents participated in four simulation lab sessions that addressed various medical emergencies. To assess the impact that the simulation curriculum had on resident perceived competence during medical emergencies, a 19-question survey (13 clinical questions and six control questions) was distributed to the residents at the end of the residency year. Resident responses from the 2015 to 2016 and 2016 to 2017 surveys were compared to a control residency class from 2014 to 2015 who did not undergo the simulation curriculum. RESULTS Simulation-trained PGY1 pharmacy residents reported significantly greater perceived competence in five of the twelve medical emergency scenarios (acute coronary syndromes, symptomatic bradycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, and cardiac arrest) as compared to non-simulation-trained controls. In addition, the PGY1 pharmacy residents felt that their performance as a clinical pharmacist would significantly improve as a result of the simulation curriculum. CONCLUSIONS Incorporation of a longitudinal simulation curriculum into PGY1 pharmacy resident training can positively impact resident self-reported competence when performing essential pharmacist functions during medical emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Morris
- University of California San Francisco, Medical Center, United States.
| | - Gabriela Young
- Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, United States.
| | - Lauren Roller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, United States.
| | - Fanny Li
- University of California San Francisco, Medical Center, United States.
| | - Paul Takamoto
- University of California San Francisco, Medical Center, United States.
| | - Laura Baumgartner
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, United States.
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Nazar H, Lindsey L, Fletcher J, Rook L, Todd A, Husband A. Training Student Pharmacists in Medication Dispensing and Checking Within a High-Fidelity Clinical Environment. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2019; 83:7106. [PMID: 31619828 PMCID: PMC6788141 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To describe the implementation of and student pharmacist experience with high-fidelity training in medication dispensing and clinical checking processes and procedures. Methods. An actual dispensary in a large teaching hospital was used as the setting in which to provide undergraduate student pharmacists the opportunity to develop skills and knowledge regarding the process and procedures of medication dispensing and clinical checking. The sessions were facilitated by a member of the hospital pharmacy team and overseen by a faculty member. Students were required to conduct legal and clinical checks and process anonymized hospital prescriptions. Students recorded their experiences in their professional portfolio as blog entries, which were then discussed with academic staff members on a biweekly basis. Content analysis of the blogs was conducted to investigate the student experience. Results. Forty-eight students attended 30 hours of dispensing sessions over a 20-week period from September to April. Content analysis of 102 blog entries demonstrated students reporting observations and experiences which mapped to the three components of communities of practice: the domain of pharmacy practice, the working dynamics of a community of professionals within the workplace, and the commonality of practice and shared repertoire of resources. Conclusion. The high-fidelity teaching of students about the dispensing and checking process in an actual dispensary environment supports student pharmacists' knowledge and skills development. The work-based nature of this approach also provides experiential learning opportunities for students to observe and participate in the professional community of practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamde Nazar
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Lindsey
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Fletcher
- Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Rook
- Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Todd
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Husband
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Thompson Bastin ML, Cook AM, Flannery AH. Use of simulation training to prepare pharmacy residents for medical emergencies. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2019; 74:424-429. [PMID: 28274986 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp160129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of high-fidelity simulation training for preparing pharmacy residents for various high-stress and high-impact medical emergencies and the impact of this training on pharmacy residents' perception of preparedness are described. SUMMARY During the 2015-16 residency year at the University of Kentucky Medical Center, simulation training, in addition to lecture-based orientation training, was chosen as a method to reinforce skills and knowledge learned throughout the orientation, before residents began working on-call shifts. Three different simulation exercises were developed to cover five selected topics over the course of 3 different days: sepsis as its own session, a surgical-themed session combining bleeding reversal and malignant hyperthermia, and a neurologic-themed session combining stroke and status epilepticus. Postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) specialty residents in critical care and emergency medicine helped facilitate the cases. The specialty residents played the role of the physician or nurse for the case and were allowed to answer questions asked of the pharmacy residents, appropriate to their respective roles. Following completion of the simulation exercise, a survey tool was sent to pharmacy residents to rate their perception of preparedness before and after the training for each scenario and again at 6 months after the simulation training to assess sustainability of the training. Participants generally responded that the simulations met their expectations and that the PGY2 residents facilitated the simulations fairly well (scores of 68.5-80 on a scale of 0-100). The resident-reported that beneficial effects of simulation training persisted at 6 months following the simulation exercises. CONCLUSION Simulation training increased pharmacy residents' self-reported preparedness for high-stress, high-impact clinical scenarios and medical emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Thompson Bastin
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY .,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY
| | - Aaron M Cook
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY
| | - Alexander H Flannery
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY
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McCoy CE, Rahman A, Rendon JC, Anderson CL, Langdorf MI, Lotfipour S, Chakravarthy B. Randomized Controlled Trial of Simulation vs. Standard Training for Teaching Medical Students High-quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. West J Emerg Med 2019; 20:15-22. [PMID: 30643596 PMCID: PMC6324716 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2018.11.39040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most medical schools teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during the final year in course curriculum to prepare students to manage the first minutes of clinical emergencies. Little is known regarding the optimal method of instruction for this critical skill. Simulation has been shown in similar settings to enhance performance and knowledge. We evaluated the comparative effectiveness of high-fidelity simulation training vs. standard manikin training for teaching medical students the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for high-quality CPR. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, parallel-arm study of 70 fourth-year medical students to either simulation (SIM) or standard training (STD) over an eight-month period. SIM group learned the AHA guidelines for high-quality CPR via an hour session that included a PowerPoint lecture with training on a high-fidelity simulator. STD group learned identical content using a low-fidelity Resusci Anne® CPR manikin. All students managed a simulated cardiac arrest scenario with primary outcome based on the AHA guidelines definition of high-quality CPR (specifies metrics for compression rate, depth, recoil, and compression fraction). Secondary outcome was time to emergency medical services (EMS) activation. We analyzed data via Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Outcomes were performed on a simulated cardiac arrest case adapted from the AHA Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) SimMan® Scenario manual. RESULTS Students in the SIM group performed CPR that more closely adhered to the AHA guidelines of compression depth and compression fraction. Mean compression depth was 4.57 centimeters (cm) (95% confidence interval [CI] [4.30-4.82]) for SIM and 3.89 cm (95% CI [3.50-4.27]) for STD, p=0.02. Mean compression fraction was 0.724 (95% CI [0.699-0.751]) for SIM group and 0.679 (95% CI [0.655-0.702]) for STD, p=0.01. There was no difference for compression rate or recoil between groups. Time to EMS activation was 24.7 seconds (s) (95% CI [15.7-40.8]) for SIM group and 79.5 s (95% CI [44.8-119.6]) for STD group, p=0.007. CONCLUSION High-fidelity simulation training is superior to low-fidelity CPR manikin training for teaching fourth-year medical students implementation of high-quality CPR for chest compression depth and compression fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eric McCoy
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Asif Rahman
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Juan C Rendon
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Craig L Anderson
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Mark I Langdorf
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Shahram Lotfipour
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Bharath Chakravarthy
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California
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Ong CL, Kane-Gill SL, Kobulinsky LR, Hon JS, Kong MC, Seybert AL. Evaluation of pharmacist satisfaction with simulation-based learning in Singapore. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2018; 10:1414-1418. [PMID: 30527371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE High fidelity human patient simulation (HPS) has been incorporated in various United States doctor of pharmacy programs with favorable learning experiences, knowledge retention, and problem-solving skills reported. In Singapore, HPS is a novel learning technique as it has not been utilized in the Bachelor of Science (Pharmacy) curriculum or for continuing professional education (CPE). It is necessary to evaluate acceptance of HPS compared to asynchronous online learning (AOL). EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING Nineteen participants from two institutions completed the study in Singapore. This was an experimental study design with participants randomized into groups A and B. Group A completed AOL followed by HPS, whereas group B completed them in reverse order. Acceptance of teaching modalities was evaluated with a Likert scale survey and analyzed with Fisher's exact test. Educational content was congestive heart failure and was evaluated externally for equivalency. FINDINGS All participants enjoyed the HPS activity compared to 13 (68.4%; p = 0.02) for AOL. Eighteen (94.7%) and 15 (78.9%; p = 0.34) participants felt that HPS activity and AOL improved their critical and decision-making skills respectively. Sixteen (84.2%) and 17 (89.5%) agreed that AOL and HPS activity improved their confidence (p = 1.00). DISCUSSION Participants enjoyed HPS activity significantly more than AOL. HPS activity could be used to achieve improved critical and decision-making skills of learners as there was a trend of more learners perceiving improvement compare to AOL. SUMMARY High fidelity HPS learning was well received by participants in Singapore and can be implemented in CPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Ling Ong
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Dr, 169609, Singapore.
| | - Sandra L Kane-Gill
- Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
| | - Lawrence R Kobulinsky
- Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
| | - Jin Shing Hon
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Dr, 169609, Singapore.
| | - Ming Chai Kong
- Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, 169608, Singapore.
| | - Amy L Seybert
- Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
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Maxwell WD, Mohorn PL, Haney JS, Phillips CM, Lu ZK, Clark K, Corboy A, Ragucci KR. Impact of an Advanced Cardiac Life Support Simulation Laboratory Experience on Pharmacy Student Confidence and Knowledge. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2016; 80:140. [PMID: 27899836 PMCID: PMC5116792 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe808140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To assess the impact of an advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) simulation on pharmacy student confidence and knowledge. Design. Third-year pharmacy students participated in a simulation experience that consisted of team roles training, high-fidelity ACLS simulations, and debriefing. Students completed a pre/postsimulation confidence and knowledge assessment. Assessment. Overall, student knowledge assessment scores and student confidence scores improved significantly. Student confidence and knowledge changes from baseline were not significantly correlated. Conversely, a significant, weak positive correlation between presimulation studying and both presimulation confidence and presimulation knowledge was discovered. Conclusions. Overall, student confidence and knowledge assessment scores in ACLS significantly improved from baseline; however, student confidence and knowledge were not significantly correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Z Kevin Lu
- South Carolina College of Pharmacy, South Carolina
| | | | - Alex Corboy
- South Carolina College of Pharmacy, South Carolina
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Mattsson S, Sjöström HE, Englund C. Using a Virtual Tablet Machine to Improve Student Understanding of the Complex Processes Involved in Tablet Manufacturing. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2016; 80:87. [PMID: 27402990 PMCID: PMC4937982 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe80587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To develop and implement a virtual tablet machine simulation to aid distance students' understanding of the processes involved in tablet production. Design. A tablet simulation was created enabling students to study the effects different parameters have on the properties of the tablet. Once results were generated, students interpreted and explained them on the basis of current theory. Assessment. The simulation was evaluated using written questionnaires and focus group interviews. Students appreciated the exercise and considered it to be motivational. Students commented that they found the simulation, together with the online seminar and the writing of the report, was beneficial for their learning process. Conclusion. According to students' perceptions, the use of the tablet simulation contributed to their understanding of the compaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Mattsson
- Umeå University Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Claire Englund
- Umeå University Centre for Educational Development, Umeå, Sweden
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Bingham AL, Sen S, Finn LA, Cawley MJ. Retention of advanced cardiac life support knowledge and skills following high-fidelity mannequin simulation training. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2015; 79:12. [PMID: 25741028 PMCID: PMC4346824 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe79112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess pharmacy students' ability to retain advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) knowledge and skills within 120 days of previous high-fidelity mannequin simulation training. DESIGN Students were randomly assigned to rapid response teams of 5-6. Skills in ACLS and mannequin survival were compared between teams some members of which had simulation training 120 days earlier and teams who had not had previous training. ASSESSMENT A checklist was used to record and assess performance in the simulations. Teams with previous simulation training (n=10) demonstrated numerical superiority to teams without previous training (n=12) for 6 out of 8 (75%) ACLS skills observed, including time calculating accurate vasopressor infusion rate (83 sec vs 113 sec; p=0.01). Mannequin survival was 37% higher for teams who had previous simulation training, but this result was not significant (70% vs 33%; p=0.20). CONCLUSION Teams with students who had previous simulation training demonstrated numerical superiority in ACLS knowledge and skill retention within 120 days of previous training compared to those who had no previous training. Future studies are needed to add to the current evidence of pharmacy students' and practicing pharmacists' ACLS knowledge and skill retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Bingham
- Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sanchita Sen
- Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura A Finn
- Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Cawley
- Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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