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Paratz ED, Nehme E, Heriot N, Sundararajan V, Page G, Fahy L, Rowe S, Anderson D, Stub D, La Gerche A, Nehme Z. Sex disparities in bystander defibrillation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resusc Plus 2024; 17:100532. [PMID: 38188595 PMCID: PMC10770583 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested that females experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) receive lower rates of both bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation compared to males. Whether this disparity has improved over time is unknown. Methods A state-wide OHCA registry in Victoria, Australia collected data over twenty years (2002-2021) regarding rates of bystander interventions in OHCA. Characteristics and outcomes of each OHCA were compared with logistic regression according to sex and time (defined in two-year periods). Results 32,502 OHCAs were included (69.7% male). Both bystander CPR and defibrillation rates increased for females over time (p < 0.0001). There was no sex disparity in receipt of bystander CPR after adjustment for baseline differences. Females were less likely than males to receive bystander defibrillation, with sex disparity increasing from 2010 onwards (adjOR 0.26 (95%CI 0.09-0.80) in 2020-21 for females compared to males). Conclusion Initiatives to increase bystander CPR and defibrillation have resulted in higher overall rates of bystander interventions in the last two decades and no significant sex differences in provision of bystander CPR. However, females receive less bystander defibrillation than males, and sex disparity is increasing. Strategies to promote bystander defibrillation in females experiencing OHCA with a shockable rhythm should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D. Paratz
- HEART Lab, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St., Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Cardiology Department, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd., Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, 29 Regent Street, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Ambulance Victoria, 31 Joseph St., Blackburn North, VIC 3130, Australia
| | - Emily Nehme
- Ambulance Victoria, 31 Joseph St., Blackburn North, VIC 3130, Australia
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Natalie Heriot
- Ambulance Victoria, 31 Joseph St., Blackburn North, VIC 3130, Australia
| | - Vijaya Sundararajan
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, 29 Regent Street, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | | | - Louise Fahy
- HEART Lab, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St., Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Stephanie Rowe
- HEART Lab, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St., Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - David Anderson
- Ambulance Victoria, 31 Joseph St., Blackburn North, VIC 3130, Australia
| | - Dion Stub
- Ambulance Victoria, 31 Joseph St., Blackburn North, VIC 3130, Australia
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, 55 Commercial Rd., Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
| | - Andre La Gerche
- HEART Lab, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes St., Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Cardiology Department, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd., Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
| | - Ziad Nehme
- Ambulance Victoria, 31 Joseph St., Blackburn North, VIC 3130, Australia
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Bækgaard JS, Viereck S, Møller TP, Ersbøll AK, Lippert F, Folke F. The Effects of Public Access Defibrillation on Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Circulation 2017; 136:954-965. [PMID: 28687709 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.029067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances, the average survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains <10%. Early defibrillation by an automated external defibrillator is the most important intervention for patients with OHCA, showing survival proportions >50%. Accordingly, placement of automated external defibrillators in the community as part of a public access defibrillation program (PAD) is recommended by international guidelines. However, different strategies have been proposed on how exactly to increase and make use of publicly available automated external defibrillators. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of PAD and the different PAD strategies on survival after OHCA. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched on August 31, 2015 for observational studies reporting survival to hospital discharge in OHCA patients where an automated external defibrillator had been used by nonemergency medical services. PAD was divided into 3 groups according to who applied the defibrillator: nondispatched lay first responders, professional first responders (firefighters/police) dispatched by the Emergency Medical Dispatch Center (EMDC), or lay first responders dispatched by the EMDC. RESULTS A total of 41 studies were included; 18 reported PAD by nondispatched lay first responders, 20 reported PAD by EMDC-dispatched professional first responders (firefighters/police), and 3 reported both. We identified no qualified studies reporting survival after PAD by EMDC-dispatched lay first responders. The overall survival to hospital discharge after OHCA treated with PAD showed a median survival of 40.0% (range, 9.1-83.3). Defibrillation by nondispatched lay first responders was associated with the highest survival with a median survival of 53.0% (range, 26.0-72.0), whereas defibrillation by EMDC-dispatched professional first responders (firefighters/police) was associated with a median survival of 28.6% (range, 9.0-76.0). A meta-analysis of the different survival outcomes could not be performed because of the large heterogeneity of the included studies. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review showed a median overall survival of 40% for patients with OHCA treated by PAD. Defibrillation by nondispatched lay first responders was found to correlate with the highest impact on survival in comparison with EMDC-dispatched professional first responders. PAD by EMDC-dispatched lay first responders could be a promising strategy, but evidence is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine S Bækgaard
- From Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (J.S.B., S.V., T.P.M., F.L., F.F.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen (A.K.E.).
| | - Søren Viereck
- From Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (J.S.B., S.V., T.P.M., F.L., F.F.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen (A.K.E.)
| | - Thea Palsgaard Møller
- From Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (J.S.B., S.V., T.P.M., F.L., F.F.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen (A.K.E.)
| | - Annette Kjær Ersbøll
- From Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (J.S.B., S.V., T.P.M., F.L., F.F.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen (A.K.E.)
| | - Freddy Lippert
- From Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (J.S.B., S.V., T.P.M., F.L., F.F.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen (A.K.E.)
| | - Fredrik Folke
- From Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (J.S.B., S.V., T.P.M., F.L., F.F.); and National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen (A.K.E.)
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Paratz ED, Katz B. Ageing Holocaust survivors in Australia. Med J Aust 2011; 194:194-7. [PMID: 21401461 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a phenomenon of "late effects of the Holocaust" has emerged, with impacts on the psychological and physical health of ageing Holocaust survivors. As Holocaust survivors age, they may experience heightened anxiety around normal processes of ageing, worsened post-traumatic stress disorder with cognitive decline, and fear of the medical system. Holocaust survivors are at increased risk of osteoporosis, cardiometabolic disease due to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, cancer, and sequelae of Nazi medical experiments. From existing medical literature on this topic, practical principles of management are derived to create a framework for sensitive medical management of Holocaust survivors in Australia. The issues discussed are also relevant to the wider geriatric refugee or prisoner-of-war experience.
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Boyle MJ, Williams B, Bibby C, Morton A, Huggins C. The first 7 years of the metropolitan fire brigade emergency responder program - an overview of incidents attended. Open Access Emerg Med 2010; 2:77-82. [PMID: 27147841 PMCID: PMC4806830 DOI: 10.2147/oaem.s12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The Melbourne Metropolitan Fire and Emergency Services Board (MFESB) was the first fire service in Australia to implement a service-wide emergency medical response (EMR) program in 2001. No additional scientific analysis of the first responder program has been reported since the pilot program. The objective of this study was to report the first 7 years of responses by firefighters as first responders. Patients and methods The MFESB have three separate datasets with cardiac arrest information: (i) callout record; (ii) patient care record; and (iii) cardiac arrest record, including data from the automatic external defibrillator. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic and specific outcome data. Ethics approval was granted. Results A total of 8227 incidents were attended over the first 7 years. The most incidents attended were cardiac arrest 54% (n = 4450) followed by other medical 19% (n = 1579), and drug overdose 11% (n = 908); the remainder were <10% each. Sixty-three percent of incidents involved males. Average age was 57.2 years, median age 63 years, range from <1 month to 101 years; average response time was 6.1 minutes, median response time 5.6 minutes, range from 9 seconds to 31.5 minutes. Firefighters provided “initial care” in 57% and assisted in 26% of the incidents. Firefighters spent on average 4.8 minutes with the patient before handing over to paramedics; median 3.9 minutes, range of a few seconds to 39.2 minutes. Conclusion This study suggests that the MFESB EMR program is providing firefighter first responders to emergency situations in a short timeframe to assist the ambulance service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm J Boyle
- Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brett Williams
- Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin Bibby
- Emergency Medical Services, Metropolitan Fire and Emergency Services Board, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allan Morton
- Emergency Medical Services, Metropolitan Fire and Emergency Services Board, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Huggins
- Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
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