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Basiri R, Shazdehahmadi S, Boskabadi AR. Left-sided infective endocarditis presenting with pulmonary involvement and liver abscess: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e9078. [PMID: 38974184 PMCID: PMC11224764 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.9078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Infective endocarditis is an important differential diagnosis in patients with persistent fever and chills not responding to antibiotics and involvement of multiple organs. It can present without any specific signs such as valvular murmurs and no growth on blood cultures. Therefore, considering an echocardiography can be crucial and helpful in establishing the diagnosis. Abstract Infective endocarditis (IE), a rare disease with high mortality, arises from microbial infection affecting the heart valves and endocardium. It exhibits diverse symptoms and can involve various organs, including the brain, lungs, spleen, and liver. Diagnosis is often intricate due to its polymorphic nature, and negative blood cultures can add complexity to the diagnostic process. In this report, we present an unusual case of IE in a 53-year-old male farmer with multi-organ involvement, including liver abscesses and pulmonary infiltration with cavities. Echocardiography showed a nodular mass attached to his bicuspid aortic valve, thus, playing a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis. This atypical manifestation highlights the necessity for increased clinical vigilance and further research to improve diagnostic approaches for uncommon IE cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Basiri
- Lung Disease Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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2
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Backrud O, Engberg E, Nyberg K, Wieslander P, Moore ERB. Chromobacterium sp. septicemia in Sweden. A clinical case report. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:34. [PMID: 38637789 PMCID: PMC11027382 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromobacterium is a genus of fourteen species with validly published names, most often found in soil and waters in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The most well-known species of the genus, C. violaceum, occasionally causes clinically relevant infections; cases of soft tissue infections with septicemia and fatal outcomes have been described. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we present a clinical case report of a 79-year-old man from Sweden with a soft-tissue infection and septicemia. The pathogen was identified as a strain of Chromobacterium species, but not C. violaceum. The patient was treated with clindamycin and ciprofloxacin and recovered well. CONCLUSIONS This case report demonstrates the potential of Chromobacterium species as infectious agents in immunocompetent patients. It also indicates the existence of a novel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Backrud
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Erik Engberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Kristina Nyberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Peter Wieslander
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Edward R B Moore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Cubides Diaz DA, Arsanios Martin D, Bernal Ortiz N, Ovalle Monroy AL, Hernandez Angarita V, Mantilla Florez YF. Chromobacterium violaceum Periareolar Infection, First Non-Lethal Case in Colombia: Case Report and Literature Review. Infect Dis Rep 2021; 13:571-581. [PMID: 34205497 PMCID: PMC8293149 DOI: 10.3390/idr13020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative rod found in different ecosystems, especially tropical and subtropical areas. Human infections are rare, and just a few cases have been reported in literature. In this paper, we present the first non-lethal infection due to Chromobacterium violaceum, in an adult male with polycystic kidney disease in Colombia. Periareolar soft tissue infection was documented with isolation of Chromobacterium violaceum. Clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcome are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Arsanios Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia; (D.A.M.); (Y.F.M.F.)
| | - Nicolas Bernal Ortiz
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia; (N.B.O.); (A.L.O.M.); (V.H.A.)
| | - Ana Lucia Ovalle Monroy
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia; (N.B.O.); (A.L.O.M.); (V.H.A.)
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Lin YD, Majumdar SS, Hennessy J, Baird RW. The Spectrum of Chromobacterium violaceum Infections from a Single Geographic Location. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 94:710-6. [PMID: 26903614 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is a bacterium associated with soil and water exposure in tropical regions and causes rare and serious clinical infections that are often fatal. We reviewed the demographic and clinical details of 28 patients with C. violaceum detected over 15 years from 2000 to 2015, from the Top End of the Northern Territory. Of these patients, 18 had infections attributable toC. violaceum Patients with infections were more commonly male (55.6%), and in the 16- to 60-year (61.1%) age group. Skin and soft tissue infections (50%), predominantly involving the limbs, were the major clinical manifestation. Water, mud exposure, and trauma were all noted as precipitating circumstances and comorbidities were present in 61.1% of the patients with infections. Of the 28 patients, 10 (35.8%) had C. violaceum isolated as an incidental finding or as asymptomatic colonization; these 10 patients did not require or receive therapy for C. violaceum bacterial infections. There were no relapsing infections in this group.Chromobacterium violaceum remains a serious infection, with seven patients (25%) in our series requiring intensive care management. However, the mortality rate (7.1%) in our series was far lower than previously described. This case series of C. violaceum infections from a single geographic area provides additional information of the characteristics of infection with this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi dan Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Territory Pathology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Australia; Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suman S Majumdar
- Department of Microbiology, Territory Pathology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Australia; Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jann Hennessy
- Department of Microbiology, Territory Pathology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Australia; Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert W Baird
- Department of Microbiology, Territory Pathology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Australia; Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia
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Dusane DH, O'May C, Tufenkji N. Effect of tannic and gallic acids alone or in combination with carbenicillin or tetracycline on Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 growth, motility, and biofilm formation. Can J Microbiol 2015; 61:487-94. [PMID: 26039903 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is an opportunistic pathogen that causes infections that are difficult to treat. The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of selected tannins (tannic acid (TA) and gallic acid (GA)) on bacterial growth, motility, antibiotic (carbenicillin, tetracycline) susceptibility, and biofilm formation. Both tannins, particularly TA, impaired bacterial growth levels and swimming motilities at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs). In combination with tannins, antibiotics showed increased MICs, suggesting that tannins interfered with antibacterial activity. Sub-MICs of tetracycline or TA alone enhanced biofilm formation of C. violaceum; however, in combination, these compounds inhibited biofilm formation. In contrast, carbenicillin at sub-MICs was effective in inhibiting C. violaceum biofilm formation; however, in combination with lower concentrations of TA or GA, biofilms were enhanced. These results provide insights into the effects of tannins on C. violaceum growth and their varying interaction with antibiotics used to target C. violaceum infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra H Dusane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Che O'May
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Nathalie Tufenkji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
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McAuliffe GN, Hennessy J, Baird RW. Relative frequency, characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., Chromobacterium violaceum, and Shewanella spp. in the northern territory of Australia, 2000-2013. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 92:605-10. [PMID: 25548380 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio, Aeromonas, Chromobacterium violaceum, and Shewanella (VACS) are water-associated Gram-negative organisms that can cause a variety of infections. The frequency, patient characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibilities for 468 isolates from 442 patients from the Northern Territory were reviewed. Aeromonas spp. (312 of 468; 67%) were most commonly isolated followed by Vibrio spp. (71 of 468; 15%), Shewanella spp. (61 of 468; 13%), and C. violaceum (24 of 468; 5%). A strong male predominance was found (male to female ratio of 2.3:1). Skin and soft tissue isolations (373 of 468; 80%) from lower limb infections (222 of 371; 60%) were the most common clinical manifestation. The episodes were usually polymicrobial (281 of 468; 60%). Coisolates included Staphylococcus aureus (137 of 468; 29%), β-hemolytic streptococci (74 of 468; 16%), enterobacteriaceae (111 of 468; 24%), non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (35 of 468; 7%), and other VACS organisms (37 of 468; 8%). Antimicrobial resistance of VACS organisms to ciprofloxacin (0-4%), cefepime (0-3%), and gentamicin (0-0.8%) and Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., and Shewanella to cotrimoxazole (0-3%) was rarely shown. For water-associated lower limb skin and soft tissue infections in the tropics, clinicians should consider empirical antimicrobial therapy with agents active against S. aureus and VACS organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary N McAuliffe
- Microbiology Department, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jann Hennessy
- Microbiology Department, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Robert W Baird
- Microbiology Department, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Saboo AR, Vijaykumar R, Save SU, Bavdekar SB. A rare nonfatal presentation of disseminated Chromobacterium violaceum sepsis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2013; 48:574-7. [PMID: 23380618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of disseminated Chromobacterium violaceum sepsis with multiple liver and splenic abscesses presenting with skin lesions and cardiogenic shock, and later diagnosed to have chronic granulomatous disease. The patient was treated with prolonged antimicrobial therapy, after which she recovered and remained asymptomatic on follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Rajendra Saboo
- Department of Pediatrics, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai 400008, India
| | - Ramaa Vijaykumar
- Department of Pediatrics, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai 400008, India
| | - Sushma Uttam Save
- Department of Pediatrics, TN Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai 400008, India
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Chromobacterium violaceum and its important metabolites--review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2011; 55:535-47. [PMID: 21253897 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-010-0088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
C. violaceum appeared as important bacterium in different applications and mainly these aspects are related to the production of violacein. This review discusses the last reports on biosynthetic pathways, production, genetic aspects, biological activities, pathological effects, antipathogenic screening through quorum sensing, environmental effects and the products of C. violaceum with industrial interest. An important discussion is on biological applications in medicine and as industrial products such as textile and in cosmetics.
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Yang CH. Nonpigmented Chromobacterium violaceum bacteremic cellulitis after fish bite. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2011; 44:401-5. [PMID: 21524969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A case of nonpigmented Chromobacterium violaceum bacteremic cellulitis after fish bite in Taiwan is reported. The patient was successfully treated with ciprofloxacin and doxycycline for an extended period. Chromobacterium violaceum should be listed in the differential diagnosis of patients with nonspecific cellulitis associated with marked leukocytosis and rapid progression to septicemia either with or without a distinct history of exposure to water or soil. A combination of prompt diagnosis, optimal antimicrobial therapy, and adequate therapeutic duration for C violaceum infection is the key for successful therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Huei Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zinger-Yosovich K, Iluz D, Sudakevitz D, Gilboa-Garber N. Blocking of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum lectins by diverse mammalian milks. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:473-82. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Pearson RN. Chromobacterium violaceum endocarditis and hepatic abscesses treated successfully with meropenem and ciprofloxacin. Med J Aust 2009; 191:416. [PMID: 19807647 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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