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Liu Q, Nan Y, Yang Y, Li X, Jiang W, Jiao T, Li J, Jia X, Ye M, Niu Y, Yuan L. Exploring the Role of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide in Corneal Injury Repair and Investigating the Relevant Mechanisms through In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments. Molecules 2023; 29:49. [PMID: 38202631 PMCID: PMC10779902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is the main active component of Fructus Lycii, exhibiting various biological activities. This study aims to explore the protective effects of LBP on human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) and a rat corneal injury model. Potential target points for LBP improving corneal injury repair were screened from public databases, and functional and pathway enrichment analyses of core targets were conducted using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Rat corneal alkali burns and HCEC oxidative stress injury models were established, and the results were validated through slit lamp examination, HE staining, TUNEL assay, immunofluorescence, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, scratch assay, and qRT-PCR methods. In the context of database retrieval, identification of 10 LBP monosaccharide components and 50 corneal injury repair-related targets was achieved. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that LBP might regulate the IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways through targets such as JUN, CASP3, and MMP9, thereby improving corneal damage. In vivo and in vitro experimental results indicated that LBP could reduce the increase of inflammation index scores (p < 0.05), inflammatory cell density (p < 0.01), TUNEL-positive cells (p < 0.01), corneal opacity scores (p < 0.01), and expression of corneal stromal fibrosis-related proteins α-SMA, FN, and COL (p < 0.01) caused by chemical damage to rat corneas. LBP inhibited oxidative stress-induced decreases in cell viability (p < 0.001) and migration healing ability (p < 0.01) in HCECs, reducing apoptosis rates (p < 0.001), ROS levels (p < 0.001), and the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 (p < 0.01). qRT-PCR results demonstrated that LBP intervention decreased the mRNA levels of JUN, CASP3, and MMP9 in H2O2-induced alkaline-burned corneas and HCECs (p < 0.01).The integrated results from network pharmacology and validation experiments suggest that the inhibitory effects of LBP on apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis after corneal injury may be achieved through the suppression of the TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways mediated by JUN, CASP3, and MMP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Q.L.); (Y.N.); (X.L.); (W.J.); (T.J.); (J.L.); (X.J.)
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Q.L.); (Y.N.); (X.L.); (W.J.); (T.J.); (J.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Yifan Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.)
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Q.L.); (Y.N.); (X.L.); (W.J.); (T.J.); (J.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Q.L.); (Y.N.); (X.L.); (W.J.); (T.J.); (J.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Taiqiang Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Q.L.); (Y.N.); (X.L.); (W.J.); (T.J.); (J.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Jiaqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Q.L.); (Y.N.); (X.L.); (W.J.); (T.J.); (J.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Xusheng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Q.L.); (Y.N.); (X.L.); (W.J.); (T.J.); (J.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Mengyi Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Y.Y.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Q.L.); (Y.N.); (X.L.); (W.J.); (T.J.); (J.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Ling Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Wang B, Liu ST, Johnson MA, Trigger S. Trends and characteristics of ocular exposures related to e-cigarettes and e-liquids reported to Poison Control Centers in the United States, 2010-2019. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2022; 60:279-285. [PMID: 34328369 PMCID: PMC10510398 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1951284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ocular injuries and unintended exposures involving electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also known as e-cigarettes, have been reported. However, trends and characteristics of ENDS-related ocular exposures at the population level are not well documented. This study was designed to describe trends and characteristics of ENDS-related ocular exposure cases reported to poison control centers (PCCs) in the U.S. METHODS We computed descriptive statistics of ENDS-related ocular exposure cases reported to PCCs between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019, including number of cases per year and the distribution of characteristics of those cases. We also summarized case narrative review findings. RESULTS A total of 1,393 ENDS-related ocular exposure cases were reported to PCCs during the study period. Overall number of cases increased from two in 2010 to a peak of 389 in 2014, followed by a steady decline in 2015-2018. Of the 1,393 cases, 42.5% occurred among individuals aged 25 years and older; 20.4 and 17.7% occurred among young adults aged 18-24 years and children younger than five years, respectively. Nearly one quarter (23.8%) of the individuals experiencing ocular exposure sought or were recommended to seek medical attention. Case narrative review found that 59 of 127 (46.5%) cases were due, at least in part, to incorrect use or handling of the products. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that more than 1,000 ENDS-related ocular exposure cases were reported to PCCs during the study period. Many of these cases involved young children; nearly half were due, at least in part, to incorrect use or handling of the products. Future efforts to prevent these exposures may focus on improving the awareness of the potential harmful effects of ENDS products and the importance of appropriate handling of ENDS products. Health care professionals may play an important role in educating patients and improving surveillance of ENDS-related ocular exposure cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguang Wang
- Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sherry T Liu
- Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Moronke A Johnson
- Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Trigger
- Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Port AD, Brissette AR, Sippel KC. A case of the blues: Inadvertent ocular injury from accidental instillation of blue ink. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020; 19:100773. [PMID: 32566800 PMCID: PMC7296186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Many consumer products and non-ophthalmic medications are packaged in plastic “eye dropper” bottles, posing a risk of accidental ocular chemical injury when these substances are mistaken for eye drops. Observations We present the case of an elderly glaucoma patient who mistook blue stamper ink for the glaucoma medication Combigan®, and suffered ocular injury as a result. Conclusions and importance The packaging of non-ophthalmic products in plastic “eye dropper” bottles poses a significant risk of accidental ocular chemical injury. Elderly individuals with low vision and/or cognitive deficits may be at particular risk of accidental injury. Ophthalmologists have been calling for a greater distinction between the packaging of ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic products for over 35 years, but to date little progress has been made in this regard.
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Galvis V, Tello A, Carreño NI, Niño CA, García NA, Otoya V, Arana R. Severe corneal burn due to the accidental application of salicylic acid packed in a plastic dropper bottle. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2020; 40:456-463. [PMID: 33030823 PMCID: PMC7666852 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eye burns due to the accidental application of pharmacological or nonpharmacological substances packaged in plastic dropper bottles have been described for more than three decades and continue to occur. These burns can cause potentially serious corneal injuries. We report the case of a patient who mistakenly applied salicylic acid to the right eye after confusing it with an eye lubricant, which caused him a severe corneal burn. Fortunately, after aggressive medical and surgical management (including oxygen therapy and amniotic membrane grafting), the visual results were good. We suggest conducting educational campaigns and taking legislative measures in our country to avoid packaging corrosive substances in this type of dropper bottle to reduce the risk of accidental burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgilio Galvis
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Colombia; Departamento de Oftalmología, Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Departamento de Oftalmología, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia.
| | - Alejandro Tello
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Colombia; Departamento de Oftalmología, Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Departamento de Oftalmología, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia.
| | - Néstor I Carreño
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Colombia; Departamento de Oftalmología, Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Departamento de Oftalmología, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia.
| | - Camilo A Niño
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Colombia; Departamento de Oftalmología, Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Departamento de Oftalmología, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia.
| | - Natalia A García
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Valeria Otoya
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Colombia.
| | - Rodrigo Arana
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Departamento de Oftalmología, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia.
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