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Wai-Yan Leong O, Perrett KP, Loke P, Koplin JJ, Tang MLK, Allen KJ, Dharmage SC, Soriano VX, Lowe AJ, Peters RL. Reintroduction of peanut into the infant diet following negative peanut oral food challenges. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:779-782.e1. [PMID: 37931829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omega Wai-Yan Leong
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Center for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paxton Loke
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Koplin
- Center for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Child Health Research Centre, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Center for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina J Allen
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria X Soriano
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel L Peters
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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Rossi G, Cesca J, Fong C, Wallace A, DComm PS, Osuagwu UL, Bailey J, Dutton T, De Alwis AC. Rural parents' adherence to infant feeding guidelines to prevent allergy: a cross sectional study in New South Wales. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2458. [PMID: 38066470 PMCID: PMC10704778 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Responding to international research showing that early introduction of common food allergens can reduce the chance of developing allergies, in 2016 the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) revised allergen introduction guidelines, recommending earlier introduction of allergens to infants in their first year. Australia has high food allergy rates, and limited understanding of adherence to allergen introduction guidelines, especially in rural areas. This project explored rural parent adherence to ASCIA guidelines. METHODS This was a mixed method cross sectional study using an online survey including multiple-choice and qualitative short answer responses. The sample were 336 women from two rural health districts in New South Wales. All were aged 18 or over, and either pregnant or had delivered a baby since July 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to measure behavioural alignment with the recommended guidelines, thematic analysis was used to analyse attitudes and explanations. RESULTS In 84.3% of children, feeding adhered to all four guidelines studied, including no elimination of allergens during pregnancy (98%), age of introduction of solids (97.7%), continuation of breast milk/cow's milk formula during introduction of solids (95%), and age of introduction of allergens (92.9%). Adherence was not significantly correlated with the education (X2 = 17.9, P = .056), prior history of allergy [neither mother (X2 = 0.945,P = .623) nor previous children (X2 = 0.401,P = .818)], or primary care received during pregnancy. More than 90% of participants agreed or strongly agreed that the guidelines are realistic, trustworthy, and important for the health of their child. However, thematic analysis revealed that parents' perceptions of a child's individual progress, and medical conditions or other circumstances, such as challenges with breastfeeding, will often take precedence over adherence to specific guideline recommendations. CONCLUSIONS High rates of adherence with ASCIA guidelines found here are comparable with findings from metropolitan studies and encouraging for future population health. Participant comments on the guidelines imply to rural policymakers that there are multiple influences on parent decisions about infant feeding, often including parents' own intuition and experiences. Further studies to improve understanding of the role of information, carers, and other influences on parent decision-making concerning feeding attitudes and behaviours will be necessary to optimise adherence in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Rossi
- Bathurst Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jessica Cesca
- Bathurst Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Charmie Fong
- Bathurst Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Wallace
- Bathurst Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Simmons DComm
- Bathurst Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Rural Medicine, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
- Gulbali Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
| | - Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu
- Bathurst Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jannine Bailey
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Tegan Dutton
- Bathurst Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adambarage Chandima De Alwis
- Bathurst Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Bathurst Base Hospital, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia
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Vale SL, Murray K, Netting MJ, O’Sullivan M, Leeb A, Orlemann K, Peters I, Clifford R, Campbell DE, Salter SM. Making a SmartStart for peanut introduction to support food allergy prevention guidelines for infants. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:100102. [PMID: 37779522 PMCID: PMC10509985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Food allergy affects up to 10% of Australian infants. It was hypothesized that if parents follow the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy guidelines, Australian food allergy rates may stabilize or decline. Objective This project aimed to determine whether SmartStartAllergy influenced parental introduction of peanut by age 12 months, including in high-risk infants. Methods SmartStartAllergy integrates with general practice management software to send text messages to parents via participating general practices. The intervention group participants were sent text messages when their child was aged 6, 9, and 12 months; the control group participants were parents of 12-month-old infants. When their child was aged 12 months, all participants completed a questionnaire regarding eczema and family history of atopy. Infants with severe eczema and/or a family history of atopy were considered high-risk. Results Between 21 September 2018 and 26 April 2022, a total of 29,092 parents were enrolled in SmartStartAllergy as intervention (n = 18,090) and control (n = 11,002) group members The intervention group was more likely to introduce peanut by 12 months (crude odds ratio = 5.18; P < .0001; 95% CI = 4.35-6.16). After adjustment for the infants' level of risk and family history of atopy and food allergy, the intervention group was more likely to introduce peanut by 12 months of age (adjusted odds ratio = 5.34; P < .01; 95% CI = 4.48-6.37). Conclusion SmartStartAllergy appears to be an effective tool for encouraging parental introduction of peanut. The ability to provide parents with credible allergy prevention information, along with the capacity to collect simple responses via text along with additional information via an online questionnaire, make this a useful public health tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L. Vale
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- National Allergy Strategy, Sydney, Australia
- Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Food & Allergy Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin Murray
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Merryn J. Netting
- National Allergy Strategy, Sydney, Australia
- Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Food & Allergy Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael O’Sullivan
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Alan Leeb
- Illawarra Medical Centre, Perth, Australia
- SmartVax, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Ian Peters
- SmartVax, Perth, Australia
- Datavation, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Dianne E. Campbell
- Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Food & Allergy Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
- Allergy & Immunology, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
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Vale SL, Murray K, Netting MJ, Ong R, Clifford R, Stiles S, Campbell DE, Salter SM. Impact of public health interventions for food allergy prevention on rates of infant anaphylaxis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023; 130:347-354.e1. [PMID: 36122889 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eleven percent of Australian infants have confirmed food allergy. We hypothesized earlier introduction may lead to higher rates of infant anaphylaxis, irrespective of whether the overall rate of food allergy in the population was ultimately reduced. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a public health campaign, targeting earlier introduction of allergenic foods, affected rates of infant anaphylaxis. METHODS Data were obtained from St John Ambulance (SJA) Western Australia and Western Australian emergency departments (ED) on infant (≤12 months) anaphylaxis over a 5-year period (July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2020). Adrenaline administration data were collected in the SJA dataset. Poisson regression was undertaken to assess trends in anaphylaxis over time. Segmented regression analysis was undertaken to assess differences in anaphylaxis rates before and after intervention. RESULTS The SJA and ED datasets included 172 and 294 events, respectively, coded as infant anaphylaxis. Rates of infant anaphylaxis increased over time for both SJA and ED datasets, with a 1-year increase rate ratio of 1.21 (95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.35; P value < .01) and 1.11 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.20; P = .01), respectively. Segmented regression indicated no significant difference in rates after intervention. Adrenaline was not coded as being administered in 109 of the 172 anaphylaxis events. CONCLUSION Rates of infant anaphylaxis increased over the 5-year reporting period; however, there was no clear increase related to the timing of the public health campaign implementation. Reported adrenaline use was suboptimal. Assessing rates of food allergy in all age groups is required to determine whether there has been an overall reduction in food allergy owing to the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Vale
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Kevin Murray
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Royston Ong
- Saint John Ambulance Western Australia, Belmont, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rhonda Clifford
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha Stiles
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Sandra M Salter
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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5
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Koplin JJ, McWilliam V, Soriano VX, Peters RL. Early peanut introduction: To test or not to test? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023; 130:565-570. [PMID: 36791959 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review recent evidence and international guidelines on early peanut introduction for preventing peanut allergy and provide an update on the status of the debate around testing before early peanut introduction. DATA SOURCES Review of published literature documenting: infant feeding guidelines; impact of early peanut introduction on peanut allergy; risk factors for peanut allergy; and impact of early peanut introduction guidelines on infant feeding practices and allergy. STUDY SELECTION We used a narrative approach and present both pro and con arguments for testing before peanut introduction. Data from randomized controlled trials and post-hoc analyses of these trials and observational studies were included. RESULTS Allergy prevention guidelines around the world now consistently recommend introducing peanut into an infant's diet before 12 months of age for countries with high peanut allergy prevalence. In the US, guidelines recently shifted away from recommending allergy testing before introduction for those at risk of peanut allergy. There is evidence primarily from Australia that recommending early introduction without prior testing is safe and effective in increasing early peanut introduction for both high and low-risk infants, although the subsequent reduction in peanut allergy prevalence at the population level was less than expected. CONCLUSION Current evidence supports recommending early peanut introduction without routinely testing for peanut allergy. If testing is offered, this should be based on shared decision making between families and practitioners and only be undertaken where there is provision for rapid access to definitive diagnosis including oral food challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Koplin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Vicki McWilliam
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Rachel L Peters
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Koplin JJ, Soriano VX, Peters RL. Real-World LEAP Implementation. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2022; 22:61-66. [PMID: 35394609 PMCID: PMC8990270 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-022-01032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review In 2015, findings from the Learning Early About Peanut allergy (LEAP) trial provided the first convincing evidence that peanut allergy may be preventable through early peanut introduction into the infant diet. Here we discuss implementation of the LEAP study findings around the world and emerging evidence of the impacts on infant feeding and food allergy. Recent Findings The LEAP findings led to rapid changes in allergy prevention guidelines internationally to recommend early peanut introduction. There is now emerging evidence that this has been followed by a substantial increase in early peanut introduction to infants. Studies investigating the impact of these changes in infant feeding practices on the prevalence of peanut allergy are underway. Summary The LEAP trial represented a significant step forwards in food allergy prevention and new research over the past 5 years has provided insights into how best to implement this intervention in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Koplin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Victoria X Soriano
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel L Peters
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Netting MJ, Gold MS, Quinn P, Palmer S, Makrides M, Green TJ. Does SMS text messaging promote the early introduction of food allergens? A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13720. [PMID: 34931351 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merryn J Netting
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Nutrition, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael S Gold
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick Quinn
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sacha Palmer
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tim J Green
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Netting MJ, Moumin NA, Knight EJ, Golley RK, Makrides M, Green TJ. The Australian Feeding Infants and Toddler Study (OzFITS 2021): Breastfeeding and Early Feeding Practices. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010206. [PMID: 35011081 PMCID: PMC8747366 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Australian Feeding Infants and Toddler Study 2021 (OzFITS 2021) is a nationwide survey of Australian caregivers' infant and toddler feeding practices. Here, we describe breastfeeding rates and duration, use of breastmilk substitutes, and introduction of complementary (solid) foods, including common food allergens. Caregivers (n = 1140) were recruited by a digital marketing company and were interviewed using a structured telephone questionnaire to obtain information. Breastfeeding was initiated in 98% of infants, but the duration of exclusive breastfeeding to six months was less than 1%. Nearly 40% of children continued to receive breastmilk beyond one year, with 10% of toddlers receiving breastmilk at two years. One-quarter of infants were introduced to solid foods between 4 to 5 months, and nearly all infants had received solid foods by 7 months. New guidelines encourage the early introduction of potential food allergens to reduce the risk of allergy, and by 12 months, over 90% of children had been given eggs and peanuts. One-third of children received no breastmilk substitutes during their first year. One-third of infants first received breastmilk substitutes following birth and before discharge from the hospital. Of these infants, 30% ceased breastmilk substitute use after discharge. Our findings suggest a high rate of continued breastfeeding with 44% receiving breastmilk beyond 1 year. One approach to increase the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is to reduce breastmilk substitute use while in hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryn J. Netting
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (N.A.M.); (E.J.K.); (M.M.); (T.J.G.)
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Nutrition Department, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-881-284-403
| | - Najma A. Moumin
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (N.A.M.); (E.J.K.); (M.M.); (T.J.G.)
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Emma J. Knight
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (N.A.M.); (E.J.K.); (M.M.); (T.J.G.)
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Rebecca K. Golley
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Maria Makrides
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (N.A.M.); (E.J.K.); (M.M.); (T.J.G.)
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Tim J. Green
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (N.A.M.); (E.J.K.); (M.M.); (T.J.G.)
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Mullins RJ, Dear KB, Tang ML. Changes in Australian food anaphylaxis admission rates following introduction of updated allergy prevention guidelines. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:140-145.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Peters RL, Perrett KP. Monitoring changes in infant feeding practices after changes to guidelines for food allergy prevention. Med J Aust 2020; 212:256-257. [PMID: 32141092 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Peters
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC.,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC
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