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Fukuto A, Kim S, Kang J, Gates BL, Chang MW, Pinkerton KE, Van Winkle LS, Kiuchi Y, Murphy CJ, Leonard BC, Thomasy SM. Metal Oxide Engineered Nanomaterials Modulate Rabbit Corneal Fibroblast to Myofibroblast Transformation. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:23. [PMID: 34661622 PMCID: PMC8525860 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.12.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Corneal keratocyte-fibroblast-myofibroblast (KFM) transformation plays a critical role in corneal stromal wound healing. However, the impact of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), found in an increasing number of commercial products, on this process is poorly studied. This study investigates the effects of metal oxide ENMs on KFM transformation in vitro and in vivo. Methods Cell viability of rabbit corneal fibroblasts (RCFs) was tested following treatment with 11 metal oxide ENMs at concentrations of 0.5 to 250 µg/ml for 24 hours. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of αSMA, a marker of myofibroblast transformation, were measured using RCFs after exposure to 11 metal oxide ENMs at a concentration that did not affect cell viability, in media containing either 0 or 10 ng/ml of TGF-β1. Additionally, the effect of topical Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) (50 ng/ml) on corneal stromal wound healing following phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) was determined. Results V2O5, Fe2O3, CuO, and ZnO ENMs were found to significantly reduce cell viability as compared to vehicle control and the other seven metal oxide ENMs tested. V2O5 nanoflakes significantly reduced mRNA and protein αSMA concentrations in the presence of TGF-β1. Fe2O3 NPs significantly increased αSMA mRNA expression in the presence of TGF-β1 but did not alter αSMA protein expression. Topically applied Fe2O3 NPs in an in vivo rabbit corneal stromal wound healing model did not delay healing. Conclusions Fe2O3 NPs promote corneal myofibroblast induction in vitro but do not impair corneal stromal wound healing in vivo. Translational Relevance These experimental results can apply to human nanomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Fukuto
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Kang
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brooke L Gates
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maggie W Chang
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Laura S Van Winkle
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Kiuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brian C Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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