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Ribeiro MR, Lima MVM, Ilacqua RC, Savoia EJL, Alvarenga R, Vittor AY, Raimundo RD, Laporta GZ. Amazon Wildfires and Respiratory Health: Impacts during the Forest Fire Season from 2009 to 2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:675. [PMID: 38928922 PMCID: PMC11204220 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The Brazilian Amazon, a vital tropical region, faces escalating threats from human activities, agriculture, and climate change. This study aims to assess the relationship between forest fire occurrences, meteorological factors, and hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases in the Legal Amazon region from 2009 to 2019. Employing simultaneous equation models with official data, we examined the association between deforestation-induced fires and respiratory health issues. Over the studied period, the Legal Amazon region recorded a staggering 1,438,322 wildfires, with 1,218,606 (85%) occurring during August-December, known as the forest fire season. During the forest fire season, a substantial portion (566,707) of the total 1,532,228 hospital admissions for respiratory diseases were recorded in individuals aged 0-14 years and 60 years and above. A model consisting of two sets of simultaneous equations was constructed. This model illustrates the seasonal fluctuations in meteorological conditions driving human activities associated with increased forest fires. It also represents how air quality variations impact the occurrence of respiratory diseases during forest fires. This modeling approach unveiled that drier conditions, elevated temperatures, and reduced precipitation exacerbate fire incidents, impacting hospital admissions for respiratory diseases at a rate as high as 22 hospital admissions per 1000 forest fire events during the forest fire season in the Legal Amazon, 2009-2019. This research highlights the urgent need for environmental and health policies to mitigate the effects of Amazon rainforest wildfires, stressing the interplay of deforestation, climate change, and human-induced fires on respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura R. Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil; (M.R.R.); (R.C.I.); (R.D.R.)
- Laboratory of Study Design and Scientific Writing, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos V. M. Lima
- Health Surveillance Department, Acre State Secretary of Health, Rio Branco 69914-220, AC, Brazil;
| | - Roberto C. Ilacqua
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil; (M.R.R.); (R.C.I.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Eriane J. L. Savoia
- Environmental Health Department, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil; (E.J.L.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Rogerio Alvarenga
- Environmental Health Department, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil; (E.J.L.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Amy Y. Vittor
- Department of Medicine, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Rodrigo D. Raimundo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil; (M.R.R.); (R.C.I.); (R.D.R.)
- Laboratory of Study Design and Scientific Writing, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Z. Laporta
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil; (M.R.R.); (R.C.I.); (R.D.R.)
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de Moura FR, da Silva Júnior FMR. 2030 Agenda: discussion on Brazilian priorities facing air pollution and climate change challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8376-8390. [PMID: 36481854 PMCID: PMC9734578 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The advance of human activities in a disorderly way has accelerated in recent decades, intensifying the environmental impacts directly linked to these practices. The atmosphere, essential for the maintenance of life, is increasingly saturated with pollutants, offering risks to practically all the inhabitants of the planet, a process that, in addition to causing illness and early mortality, is related to serious financial losses (including in the production of goods), dangerous temperature increase and severe natural disasters. Although this perception is not recent, the global initiative to control the different mechanisms that trigger the commitment of biodiversity and irreversible climate changes arising from pollution is still very incipient, given that global initiatives on the subject emerged just over 50 years ago. Brazil is a territory that centralizes many of these discussions, as it still faces both political and economic obstacles in achieving a sustainable growth model as it was agreed through the United Nations 2030 Agenda. Even though there is little time left for the completion of these goals, much remains to be done, and despite the fulfillment of this deadline, the works will certainly need to be extended for much longer until an effective reorientation of consciousness occurs. Scientific researches and discussions are fundamental tools to the understanding of issues still little explored in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rafael de Moura
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior
- LEFT - Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, Rio Grande, RS, CEP 96203-900, Brazil.
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Floss M, Zandavalli RB, Leão JRB, Lima CV, Vianna N, Barros EF, Saldiva PHN. Poluição do ar. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE 2022. [DOI: 10.5712/rbmfc17(44)3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdução: As mortes atribuíveis à poluição do ar em longo prazo chegam a 9 milhões ao ano, concentrando-se principalmente em países de baixa e média renda como o Brasil. Classifica-se a poluição do ar em: domiciliar (indoor) ou ambiente (outdoor). A inalação de poluentes está relacionada com o aumento da incidência e desenvolvimento de condições clínicas, como doenças cardiovasculares, respiratórias e outras, que fazem parte da prática da medicina de família e comunidade. Objetivo: Verificar as evidências clínicas para a abordagem da poluição do ar relacionada à saúde humana no contexto da prática na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Revisão de escopo do papel clínico da medicina de família e comunidade em relação à poluição do ar e saúde, voltada para questões clínicas associadas com a poluição do ar. Incluíram-se 35 artigos nesta revisão. Recomendações clínicas: Em nível individual, destacam-se a redução do uso de fogões a lenha, o uso de estratégias de proteção de fontes poluidoras (como queimadas, vias de trânsito e indústria), a filtragem do ar, o estímulo ao transporte ativo, a cessação do tabagismo. Essas recomendações devem ser complementares às políticas governamentais relacionadas à poluição do ar. Propõem-se perguntas para a entrevista clínica. Exploram-se recomendações específicas sobre uso de máscaras, atividade física e COVID-19. Sugerem-se temas de pesquisa que podem ser realizadas na Atenção Primária à Saúde e o papel da medicina de família e comunidade nesse contexto. Considerações: A inclusão na classificação internacional de atenção primária e no Código internacional de Doenças poderia melhorar a notificação e os estudos epidemiológicos sobre o assunto.
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Leal Filho W, Eustachio JHPP, Paucar-Caceres A, Cavalcanti-Bandos MF, Nunes C, Vílchez-Román C, Quispe-Prieto S, Brandli LL. Planetary Health and Health Education in Brazil: Towards Better Trained Future Health Professionals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10041. [PMID: 36011675 PMCID: PMC9407755 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brazil is Latin America's largest country and has a strong economy, but it is also characterised by many inequalities. These are very conspicuous in the health sector, particularly in health education, which is expected to modernise according to the planetary health (PH) perspective. This paper describes the health education scenario in Brazil and undertakes an analysis of the postgraduate health programmes and policies in place, identifying the extent to which these support the cause of PH. To achieve this goal, this paper deploys a bibliometric analysis to gain a better understanding of the research streams related to higher education and PH. In addition, it presents and discusses selected case studies in the field and cross-checks documents from the Brazilian Ministry of Education against five domains of PH in education. The results indicate that despite some progress to date and the fact that some programmes are in place, there is a perceived need for policies and efforts from education organisations towards connecting PH principles in the education of current and future health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Leal Filho
- European School of Sustainability Science and Research (ESSSR), Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
| | - João Henrique Paulino Pires Eustachio
- European School of Sustainability Science and Research (ESSSR), Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
- School of Economics, Business Administration and Accounting at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cintia Nunes
- European School of Sustainability Science and Research (ESSSR), Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, 21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Vílchez-Román
- CENTRUM Católica Graduate Business School (CCGBS), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Lima 15023, Peru
| | - Silvia Quispe-Prieto
- Escuela Profesional de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna 23000, Peru
| | - Luciana Londero Brandli
- Graduate Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I-BR 285, Passo Fundo 99052-900, RS, Brazil
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Floss M, Vieira Ilgenfritz CA, Rodrigues YE, Cláudia Dilda A, Borngräber Corrêa AP, Azevedo Conte de Melo D, Falceto Barros E, Faerron Guzmán CA, Devlin E, Saldiva PHN, Khoo SM, Gonçalves MR. Development and Assessment of a Brazilian Pilot Massive Open Online Course in Planetary Health Education: An Innovative Model for Primary Care Professionals and Community Training. Front Public Health 2022; 9:663783. [PMID: 34976906 PMCID: PMC8715956 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.663783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Planetary health (PH) has emerged as a leading field for raising awareness, debating, and finding solutions for the health impacts of human-caused disruptions to Earth's natural systems. PH education addresses essential questions of how humanity inhabits Earth, and how humans affect, and are affected by, natural systems. A pilot massive open online course (MOOC) in PH was created in Brazil in 2020. This MOOC capitalized on the global online pivot, to make the course accessible to a broader audience. This study describes the process of course creation and development and assesses the impact evaluation data and student outcomes of the PH MOOC. Methods: The PH MOOC pilot was launched in Brazilian Portuguese, using the TelessaúdeRS-UFRGS platform on 4/27/2020 and concluded on 7/19/2020 with a total load of 80 h. It was composed of 8 content modules, pre and post-test, 10 topics in a forum discussion, and an optional action plan. This study analyzes the course database, profile of participants, answers to questionnaires, forum interaction, and action plans submitted. Results: Two thousand seven hundred seventy-seven participants enrolled in the course, of which 1,237 (44.54%) gave informed consent for this study. Of the 1,237 participants who agreed to participate in the research, 614 (49.8%) completed the course, and 569 (92.67%) were accredited by TelessaúdeRS-UFRGS. The majority of the participants were concerned with climate change, trained in the health area, and worked in primary health care in places that lacked ongoing sustainability programs. Two hundred forty-one action plans were submitted, major topics identified were food and nutrition, infectious diseases, and garbage and recycling. Discussion: The use of the PH lens and open perspective of the course centered the need to communicate planetary health topics to individuals. The local plans reflected the motto of “think global and act local.” Brazil presents a context of an unprecedented social, political, and environmental crisis, with massive deforestation, extensive fires, and biomass burning altering the biomes, on top of an ongoing necropolitical infodemic and COVID-19 pandemic. In the face of these multiple challenges, this MOOC offers a timely resource for health professionals and communities, encouraging them to address planetary challenges as fundamental health determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Floss
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Patologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Enrique Falceto Barros
- World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) Working Party on the Environment, Santa Maria Do Herval, Brazil
| | | | - Erin Devlin
- Program Manager, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | | | - Su-Ming Khoo
- School of Political Science and Sociology and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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