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Dutta TK, Tripathi P, Chatterjee A, Mohammad A, Das AK. Effect of feeding Bengal gram residual forage-based pelleted total mixed ration on growth performance, nutrient availability, carcass traits and composition in finisher Barbari kids. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:124. [PMID: 38613629 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the impact of feeding Bengal gram residual forage-based pelleted Total Mixed Ration (TMR) with varying concentrate (C) to roughage (R) ratios on feed intake, nutrient utilization, growth, and carcass characteristics in Barbari kids. Sixteen weaned male Barbari kids (av. age, 233 ± 11 days; weight, 13.86 ± 0.76 kg) were divided into two groups (T1 and T2), each receiving different pelleted diets (TMR) with distinct concentrate to roughage ratios (T1 with 60:40; T2 with 40:60). The kids were fed for 133 days, and a digestion trial was conducted at the end of the study. After completion, all kids were slaughtered. Although, kids under T1 consumed higher (P < 0.001) amount of dry matter, and crude protein compared to T2, which was due to a higher concentrate to roughage ratio in T1. But, the average daily body weight gain (ADG) of finisher kids was 88.53, and 79.83 g/d/kid in T1 and T2, respectively; however, the difference was non-significant. Digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, and total carbohydrate was also greater in T1 compared to T2. Total digestible nutrients intake was higher (P < 0.001) in T1; similarly intake of digestible energy, and metabolizable energy were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in T1 compared to T2. Concentrations of volatile fatty acids and NH3-nitrogen were also enhanced (P < 0.05) in T1 compared to T2. We observed similar carcass weight, and dressing percentage in both groups, and carcass composition remained unaffected. The pelleted diet containing greater ratio of concentrate: roughage (60:40) had no additional benefits in terms of ADG, and carcass traits in finisher kids. Therefore, it may be concluded that the Bengal gram residual forage-based pelleted TMR diet containing C40: R60 (TDN 57.13%, DCP 7.64%, ME 9.11MJ/kg feed) is suitable for optimizing growth performance with desirable carcass traits, and meat composition in finisher Barbari kids reared under the intensive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Dutta
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Kalyani, 741235, India.
- Nutrition, Feed Resource and Products Technology Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, P.O. Farah-281 122, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Prabhat Tripathi
- Division of Soil Physics, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, 462038, India
- Nutrition, Feed Resource and Products Technology Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, P.O. Farah-281 122, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Chatterjee
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - A Mohammad
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Kalyani, 741235, India
| | - Arun K Das
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata, 700037, India.
- Nutrition, Feed Resource and Products Technology Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, P.O. Farah-281 122, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Shah AM, Bano I, Qazi IH, Matra M, Wanapat M. "The Yak"-A remarkable animal living in a harsh environment: An overview of its feeding, growth, production performance, and contribution to food security. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1086985. [PMID: 36814466 PMCID: PMC9940766 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1086985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Yaks play an important role in the livelihood of the people of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and contribute significantly to the economy of the different countries in the region. Yaks are commonly raised at high altitudes of ~ 3,000-5,400 m above sea level. They provide many important products, namely, milk, meat, fur, and manure, as well as social status, etc. Yaks were domesticated from wild yaks and are present in the remote mountains of the QTP region. In the summer season, when a higher quantity of pasture is available in the mountain region, yaks use their long tongues to graze the pasture and spend ~ 30-80% of their daytime grazing. The remaining time is spent walking, resting, and doing other activities. In the winter season, due to heavy snowfall in the mountains, pasture is scarce, and yaks face feeding issues due to pasture scarcity. Hence, the normal body weight of yaks is affected and growth retardation occurs, which consequently affects their production performance. In this review article, we have discussed the domestication of yaks, the feeding pattern of yaks, the difference between the normal and growth-retarded yaks, and also their microbial community and their influences. In addition, blood biochemistry, the compositions of the yaks' milk and meat, and reproduction are reported herein. Evidence suggested that yaks play an important role in the daily life of the people living on the QTP, who consume milk, meat, fur, use manure for fuel and land fertilizer purposes, and use the animals for transportation. Yaks' close association with the people's well-being and livelihood has been significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mujtaba Shah
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Department of Livestock Production, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Bano
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Izhar Hyder Qazi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Maharach Matra
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,*Correspondence: Metha Wanapat ✉
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DUTTA TK, MAMTA, CHATTERJEE A, BHAKAT C, MANDAL DK, RAI S, MOHAMMAD A, SATPATHY D, YADAV SUSHILKR, ANIL, DAS ARUNK. Effect of different levels of concentrate supplementation on feed intake, growth performance, carcass traits and composition in finisher Barbari kids reared under intensive system. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v93i1.127288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-two weaned male Barbari kids (av. age, 144.65 days; weight, 9.43±0.24 kg), reared under intensive system of feeding, were divided equally into four groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4) to investigate the effect of supplementation of different levels of concentrate mixture on voluntary intake, growth performance, carcass traits and quality. All kids were fed with Bengal gram straw ad lib. + green fodder ad lib. as basal ration and supplemented with barley grain @ 0.7% of body weight in T1 and concentrate mixture @ 0.7, 1.4, and 2.1% of body weight in T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Dry Matter Intake (DMI, g)/kg W0.75 increased significantly in T1 and T4 than T2 and T3. Average daily weight gain (ADG) (g/d/kid) was enhanced significantly with each gradual increase in concentrate level. Slaughter weight and empty body weight were greatest in T4 compared with other treatments. Significantly greater dressing percentage and yield of separated lean meat was observed in kids under T3 and T4 than other two groups. But, meat:bone ratio and separated carcass fat yield was significantly higher only in kids under T4. Meat protein content (%) increased in T2, T3, and T4 as compared to control T1. Meat fat content increased linearly due to a gradual increase in the level of concentrate mixture supplementation to the finisher kids. Whereas, meat moisture and ash per cent remained unaltered due to different levels of concentrate supplementation to kids. Therefore, it may be concluded that supplementation of concentrate mixture @ 2.1% of the body weight in the roughage-based diet increased DMI in finisher Barbari kids with greater energy and protein values, which attributed to enhanced ADG in such kids by 408.3% over the control (supplemented with barley grain only), and also improved feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, carcass traits, and meat quality.
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Zhan J, Gu Z, Wang H, Liu Y, Wang L, Huang L, Huo J, Wu Y. Effects of rutin supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, serum parameters, and meat quality of Nubian goats. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13819. [PMID: 36894312 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies found that rutin can improve production performance of sheep and dairy cows. However, it is not clear whether rutin has similar effects in goats. Hence, the aim of this experiment was to study the effects of rutin supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, serum parameters, and meat quality of Nubian goats. A total of 36 healthy Nubian ewes were randomly divided into three groups. Goats were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 (R0), 25 (R25), and 50 (R50) mg rutin per kg of diet. The growth performance and slaughter performance of goats had no significant difference among three groups. The meat pH45min and moisture were significantly higher in the R25 group than the R50 group (p < 0.05), but the color value b* and contents of C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1n9c, C20:1, saturated fatty acid (SFA), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MSFA) in meat had an opposite outcome. The dressing percentage had an increasing tendency in the R25 group compared with the R0 group (0.05 < p < 0.10), but the shear force, water loss rate and crude protein of meat had opposite results. In conclusion, rutin could not affect the growth performance and slaughter performance of goats; low levels could possibly improve meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshun Zhan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyong Gu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liewu Huang
- Jiujiang Daye Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Xiushui, China
| | - Junhong Huo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
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Lalhriatpuii M, Chatterjee A, Satapathy D, Mohammad A, Rai S, Bhakat C, Mandal D, Dutta T, Patra A. Effect of dietary inorganic and organic chromium on nutrient utilization and growth performance in Black Bengal goats (Capra hircus). Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Lee DY, Lee SY, Yun SH, Jeong JW, Kim JH, Kim HW, Choi JS, Kim GD, Joo ST, Choi I, Hur SJ. Review of the Current Research on Fetal Bovine Serum and the
Development of Cultured Meat. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:775-799. [PMID: 36133630 PMCID: PMC9478980 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize studies that investigate blood and the
main components of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in vertebrates, including major
livestock, and review the current research on commercializing cultured meat.
Detailed research on FBS is still lacking; however, some studies have shown that
FBS consists of proteins, carbohydrates, growth factors, cytokines, fats,
vitamins, minerals, hormones, non-protein nitrogen, and inorganic compounds.
However, there are few studies on how the composition of FBS differs from blood
or serum composition in adult animals, which is probably one of the main reasons
for not successfully replacing FBS. Moreover, recent studies on the development
of FBS replacers and serum-free media have shown that it is difficult to
conclude whether FBS has been completely replaced or serum-free media have been
developed successfully. Our review of the industrialization of cultured meat
reveals that many basic studies on the development of cultured meat have been
conducted, but it is assumed that the study to reduce or replace ingredients
derived from fetuses such as FBS has not yet been actively developed. Therefore,
developing inexpensive and edible media is necessary for the successful
industrialization of cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Yun
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jae Won Jeong
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jung Seok Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Gap-Don Kim
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology,
Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Seon Tea Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
Four), Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National
University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
- Corresponding author: Sun Jin
Hur, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong
17546, Korea, Tel: +82-31-670-4673, Fax: +82-31-670-3108, E-mail:
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Zhang X, Han L, Hou S, Raza SHA, Gui L, Sun S, Wang Z, Yang B, Yuan Z, Simal-Gandara J, El-Shehawi AM, Alswat A, Alenezi MA, Shukry M, Sayed SM, Aloufi BH. Metabolomics approach reveals high energy diet improves the quality and enhances the flavor of black Tibetan sheep meat by altering the composition of rumen microbiota. Front Nutr 2022; 9:915558. [PMID: 36034898 PMCID: PMC9405419 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.915558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the impact of dietary energy levels on rumen microbial composition and its relationship to the quality of Black Tibetan sheep meat by applying metabolomics and Pearson's correlation analyses. For this purpose, UHPLC-QTOF-MS was used to identify the metabolome, whereas 16S rDNA sequencing was used to detect the rumen microbiota. Eventually, we observed that the high energy diet group (HS) improved the carcass quality of Black Tibetan sheep and fat deposition in the longissimus lumborum (LL) compared to the medium energy diet group (MS). However, HS considerably increased the texture, water holding capacity (WHC), and volatile flavor of the LL when compared to that of MS and the low energy diet group (LS). Metabolomics and correlation analyses revealed that dietary energy levels mainly affected the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids of the LL, which consequently influenced the content of volatile flavor compounds (VOCs) and fats. Furthermore, HS increased the abundance of Quinella, Ruminococcus 2, (Eubacterium) coprostanoligenes, and Succinivibrionaceae UCG-001, all of which participate in the carbohydrate metabolism in rumen and thus influence the metabolite levels (stachyose, isomaltose, etc.) in the LL. Overall, a high-energy diet is desirable for the production of Black Tibetan sheep mutton because it improves the mouthfeel and flavor of meat by altering the composition of rumen microbiota, which influences the metabolism in the LL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Lijuan Han
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Shengzhen Hou
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linsheng Gui
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Zhiyou Wang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Baochun Yang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yuan
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University Xining, Xining, China
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo—Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alswat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneefah A. Alenezi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Samy M. Sayed
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Hamad Aloufi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
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Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Bacterial Community Composition in Grazing Yaks during the Warm Season. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111398. [PMID: 35681862 PMCID: PMC9179552 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of concentrate supplementation on the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, rumen fermentation, and bacterial community composition of grazing yaks during the warm season. Eight male yaks (body weight, 123.96 ± 7.43 kg; 3-years) were randomly allocated to two treatments groups: grazing (n = 4, GY) and concentrate supplement group (n = 4, GYS). Concentrate supplementation increased the average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.05). Glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) serum concentrations were significantly higher in the GYS group than in the GY group (p < 0.05). Ammonia-N, MCP: microbial protein, and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were significantly higher in the GYS group than in the GY group (p < 0.01), whereas the pH and acetate: propionate values were significantly decreased (p < 0.01). The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the rumen fluid was significantly higher in the GYS group than in the GY group (p < 0.01). At the genus level, the relative abundances of Succiniclasticum, Prevotellaceae_UCG_003, Prevotellaceae_UCG_005, and Ruminococcus_1 were significantly greater in the GY group than in the GYS group (p < 0.01). In conclusion, concentrate supplementation improved yaks’ growth potential during the warm season, improved ruminal fermentation, and altered core bacteria abundance.
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