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Naveed M, Wang Y, Yin X, Chan MWH, Aslam S, Wang F, Xu B, Ullah A. Purification, Characterization and Bactericidal Action of Lysozyme, Isolated from Bacillus subtillis BSN314: A Disintegrating Effect of Lysozyme on Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031058. [PMID: 36770725 PMCID: PMC9919333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, lysozyme was purified by the following multi-step methodology: salt (ammonium sulfate) precipitation, dialysis, and ultrafiltration. The lysozyme potential was measured by enzymatic activity after each purification step. However, after ultrafiltration, the resulting material was considered extra purified. It was concentrated in an ultrafiltration centrifuge tube, and the resulting protein/lysozyme was used to determine its bactericidal potential against five bacterial strains, including three gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis 168, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus cereus) and two gram-negative (Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) strains. The results of ZOI and MIC/MBC showed that lysozyme had a higher antimicrobial activity against gram-positive than gram-negative bacterial strains. The results of the antibacterial activity of lysozyme were compared with those of ciprofloxacin (antibiotic). For this purpose, two indices were applied in the present study: antimicrobial index (AMI) and percent activity index (PAI). It was found that the purified lysozyme had a higher antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus (AMI/PAI; 1.01/101) and Bacillus subtilis 168 (AMI/PAI; 1.03/103), compared to the antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) used in this study. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the bactericidal action of the lysozyme on the bacterial cell. The purified protein was further processed by gel column chromatography and the eluate was collected, its enzymatic activity was 21.93 U/mL, while the eluate was processed by native-PAGE. By this analysis, the un-denatured protein with enzymatic activity of 40.9 U/mL was obtained. This step shows that the protein (lysozyme) has an even higher enzymatic potential. To determine the specific peptides (in lysozyme) that may cause the bactericidal potential and cell lytic/enzymatic activity, the isolated protein (lysozyme) was further processed by the SDS-PAGE technique. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed different bands with sizes of 34 kDa, 24 kDa, and 10 kDa, respectively. To determine the chemical composition of the peptides, the bands (from SDS-PAGE) were cut, enzymatically digested, desalted, and analyzed by LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). LC-MS analysis showed that the purified lysozyme had the following composition: the number of proteins in the sample was 56, the number of peptides was 124, and the number of PSMs (peptide spectrum matches) was 309. Among them, two peptides related to lysozyme and bactericidal activities were identified as: A0A1Q9G213 (N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase) and A0A1Q9FRD3 (D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase). The corresponding protein sequence and nucleic acid sequence were determined by comparison with the database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xian Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Malik Wajid Hussain Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Campus Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi 75300, Pakistan
| | - Sadar Aslam
- Department of Biological Science, University of Baltistan, Skardu 16400, Pakistan
| | - Fenghuan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (B.X.)
| | - Baocai Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (B.X.)
| | - Asad Ullah
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- Food and Marine Resources Research Center, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi 75280, Pakistan
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Naveed M, Tianying H, Wang F, Yin X, Chan MWH, Ullah A, Xu B, Aslam S, Ali N, Abbas Q, Hussain I, Khan A, Khan AM. Isolation of lysozyme producing Bacillus subtilis Strains, identification of the new strain Bacillus subtilis BSN314 with the highest enzyme production capacity and optimization of culture conditions for maximum lysozyme production. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Song Q, Xiao Y, Xiao Z, Liu T, Li J, Li P, Han F. Lysozymes in Fish. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15039-15051. [PMID: 34890178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the deterioration of the aquaculture ecological environment has led to a high incidence of fish diseases. Lysozymes, important antimicrobial enzymes, play an important role in the innate immune system of fish. The studies of fish lysozymes benefit the control of fish infections caused by pathogens. In this review, we reviewed recent progress in fish lysozymes, including their classification, structural characteristics, biological functions and mechanisms, tissue distributions, and properties of their recombinant proteins, which will help us to systematically understand the fish lysozymes and facilitate their applications in the fields of food and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Xiao
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Sichuan Tengli Agri-Tech Company, Limited, Deyang, Sichuan 618200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
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Chen C, Li X, Yue L, Jing X, Yang Y, Xu Y, Wu S, Liang Y, Liu X, Zhang X. Purification and characterization of lysozyme from Chinese Lueyang black-bone Silky fowl egg white. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:215-221. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1476887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Lijuan Yue
- Department of Oncology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Xian Jing
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Youmei Xu
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Sanqiao Wu
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Yinku Liang
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C., College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Yang H, Liu R, Cui D, Liu H, Xiong D, Liu X, Wang L. Analysis on the expression and function of a chicken-type and goose-type lysozymes in Chinese giant salamanders Andrias davidianus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 72:69-78. [PMID: 28238880 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysozymes as an important immune factor, play vital roles in innate immune response against pathogen infection. In the present study, one c-type and g-type lysozymes were identified from Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus). They shared highly conserved structural features with lysozymes from other species. Spatial expression analysis revealed that AdlysC transcript was most abundant in liver and stomach, and least in muscle and brain. In contrast, the expression level of AdlysG was most abundant in liver and least in muscle and skin. The transcription level of c-type and g-type lysozymes were up-regulated after Aeromonas hydrophila infection in liver and spleen, indicating their participations in the immune response. Moreover, the recombinant AdlysC and AdlysG protein were produced and purified, and were used to investigate the lysozyme activity at different pH and temperatures. The optimal lytic activity was determined at pH 6.0 and at a temperature of 30 °C. Through the minimal inhibitory concentration test, the rAdlysC and rAdlysG exhibited apparent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with a variable concentration. In conclusion, it is the first report of lysozymes in A. davidianus, and c-type and g-type lysozymes should be involved in the innate immune response of A. davidianus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Ranran Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Dan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Haixia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Dongmei Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China.
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