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Guo X, Li Q, Wang L, Zhang Y, Johnston LJ, Levesque CL, Cao Y, Dong B. Effects of crude protease produced by Bacillus subtilis (MAFIC Y7) on growth performance, immune indices, and anti-inflammatory responses of broilers fed soybean meal- or cottonseed meal-based diets. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae047. [PMID: 38412360 PMCID: PMC10926942 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A strain of Bacillus subtilis (MAFIC Y7) was isolated from the intestine of Tibetan pigs and was able to express high protease activity. The aim of this study was to characterize the proteases produced by MAFIC Y7, and to investigate the effects of protease addition on growth performance, ileal amino acid digestibility, and serum immunoglobulin and immune factors of broilers fed SBM-based diets, or on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and intestinal morphology of broilers fed CSM-based diets. B. subtilis (MAFIC Y7) expressed protease showed its optimal enzyme activity at 50 °C and pH 7.0. The coated crude enzyme (CCE) showed greater stability at pH 3.0 than its uncoated counterpart. Experiment 1 was conducted with six diets based on three levels of crude protein (CP)-CPlow, CPmedium, and CPhigh-with or without CCE. In CPlow, CCE increased gain:feed (G:F) (days 1 to 21, days 1 to 42) by 8%, 3%, respectively, and enhanced apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein and lysine (on day 42) by 8.8%, 4.6%, respectively, compared with diets containing no CCE (P < 0.05). CCE increased G:F from days 1 to 21 from 0.63 to 0.68, improved G:F and average daily gain (ADG) during days 1 to 42, and enhanced AID of crude protein, lysine, cysteine, and isoleucine on day 42 compared with the unsupplemented treatments (in CPmedium, P < 0.05). CCE increased serum IgA (on day 21), serum IgA and IgG and increased serum IL-10 (on day 42), but decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; on day 21), and serum IL-8 and TNF-α (on day 42) compared with unsupplemented treatments. At CPhigh, CCE decreased serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α (on day 21), and IL-8 and TNF-α (on day 42) compared with unsupplemented treatments (in CPhigh, P < 0.05). In experiment 2, CSM-based diets with two lysine-to-protein ratios (5.2% or 5.5%) with or without CCE. In the high Lys diet (5.5% Lys:protein), CCE increased ADG and G:F, increased carcass, but decreased abdominal fat compared with the unsupplemented treatment (P < 0.05). In the 5.2% Lys:protein dietary treatment, CCE improved duodenal villus height compared with the unsupplemented treatment (P < 0.05). Supplementation of protease produced by MAFIC Y7 was associated with lower inflammatory responses in SBM diets (CPmedium or CPhigh) and improved ADG in broilers fed CPmedium or CPhigh. The proteases improved ADG and the efficiency of CSM use when the ratio of Lys to protein was 5.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lixue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lee J Johnston
- Department of Animal Science, West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN 56267, USA
| | - Crystal L Levesque
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Yunhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China
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Obianwuna UE, Oleforuh-Okoleh VU, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Qi GH, Qiu K, Wu SG. Natural Products of Plants and Animal Origin Improve Albumen Quality of Chicken Eggs. Front Nutr 2022; 9:875270. [PMID: 35757269 PMCID: PMC9226613 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.875270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumen quality is recognized as one of the major yardsticks in measuring egg quality. The elasticity of thick albumen, a strong bond in the ovomucin-lysozyme complex, and excellent biological properties are indicators of high-quality albumen. The albumen quality prior to egg storage contribute to enhance egg’s shelf life and economic value. Evidence suggests that albumen quality can deteriorate due to changes in albumen structure, such as the degradation of β-ovomucin subunit and O-glyosidic bonds, the collapse of the ovomucin-lysozyme complex, and a decrease in albumen protein-protein interaction. Using organic minerals, natural plants and animal products with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, high biological value, no residue effect and toxicity risk could improve albumen quality. These natural products (e.g., tea polyphenols, marigold extract, magnolol, essential oils, Upro (small peptide), yeast cell wall, Bacillus species, a purified amino acid from animal blood, and pumpkin seed meal) are bio-fortified into eggs, thus enhancing the biological and technological function of the albumen. Multiple strategies to meeting laying hens’ metabolic requirements and improvement in albumen quality are described in this review, including the use of amino acids, vitamins, minerals, essential oils, prebiotics, probiotics, organic trace elements, and phytogenic as feed additives. From this analysis, natural products can improve animal health and consequently albumen quality. Future research should focus on effects of these natural products in extending shelf life of the albumen during storage and at different storage conditions. Research in that direction may provide insight into albumen quality and its biological value in fresh and stored eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vivian U Oleforuh-Okoleh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Heng N, Gao S, Guo Y, Chen Y, Wang L, Sheng X, Wang X, Xing K, Xiao L, Ni H, Qi X. Effects of supplementing natural astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis to laying hens on egg quality during storage at 4°C and 25°C. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6877-6883. [PMID: 33248603 PMCID: PMC7704997 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary natural astaxanthin (ASTA) (from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis) and storage at 4°C and 25°C on the quality of eggs from laying hens. Nongda No. 3 laying hens (n = 450) were randomly allocated to 1 of 5 dietary treatments. Each treatment had 6 replicates of 15 hens each. All birds were assigned to a corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 0, 20, 40, 80, or 160 mg/kg natural ASTA for 4 wk. A total of 540 eggs were collected at the end of the 4-week feeding trial. Sixty fresh eggs were collected and measured for egg quality within 24 h after collection. The other 480 eggs were used in a factorial arrangement with 5 dietary ASTA levels, 4 storage times, and 2 storage temperatures. During the 8-week storage period at 4°C and 25°C, egg quality measurements were performed every 2 wk on 12 eggs per treatment. No significant effects (P > 0.05) on yolk index, yolk pH, Haugh units, weight loss, or eggshell strength were observed with increasing concentrations of dietary ASTA. Yolk color darkened linearly with increasing dose of ASTA (P < 0.05). During storage of eggs, yolk index and Haugh units decreased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas yolk pH and weight loss increased (P < 0.05). An interaction was observed between dietary ASTA level and storage time on yolk index, yolk color, and Haugh units (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that dietary ASTA from H. pluvialis delayed the decrease in yolk index and yolk color during storage at 4°C and 25°C. Therefore, we speculate that there may be a combined effect of dietary ASTA level and storage time on egg internal quality; this information may provide additional options by which to extend the storage time of eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Heng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Products Testing, Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Products Testing, Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Xihui Sheng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangguo Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kai Xing
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Longfei Xiao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hemin Ni
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
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Franco D, Rois D, Arias A, Justo JR, Marti-Quijal FJ, Khubber S, Barba FJ, López-Pedrouso M, Manuel Lorenzo J. Effect of Breed and Diet Type on the Freshness and Quality of the Eggs: A Comparison between Mos (Indigenous Galician Breed) and Isa Brown Hens. Foods 2020; 9:foods9030342. [PMID: 32188038 PMCID: PMC7142747 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggs are a nutritious food, offering a balanced source of essential amino and fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins. Genetic and diet factors can modify hen egg traits. Thus, the effects of breed and feed on egg quality using two laying hens, Mos (autochthonous breed) and Isa Brown (commercial hybrid), and three feeds, commercial fodder (CF), corn/pea/triticale (CPT) and corn/wheat (CW), were investigated. Freshness parameters (egg weight, eggshell weight and thickness, albumen height, Haugh units and yolk color), chemical composition, color and textural parameters, as well as fatty acid profile, were assessed on a total of 288 eggs, from the two breeds. The samples were divided in 96 eggs, corresponding to each of the three dietary treatments. There were significant differences (p < 0.001) in albumen height and Haugh units, obtaining the highest values for Isa Brown genotype; meanwhile, laying hens fed with CF had the highest weight, as well as the greatest eggshell thickness. Cooked yolks of Isa Brown eggs presented the highest values of luminosity, while the yellowness was higher for Mos eggs. Regarding the texture of eggs, genotype was again the parameter having the greatest impact, obtaining higher values in hardness, gumminess and chewiness in those eggs from the Mos breed. Concerning egg chemical composition, it was affected by breed and diet type, but Mos eggs were characterized by a significantly (p < 0.001) higher contents of fat (9.53% vs. 7.58%), protein (12.31% vs. 11.66%) and ash (1.10% vs. 1.04%) than Isa Brown ones. Finally, diet type influenced the fatty acid profile, mainly affecting oleic and linoleic acids, which showed significantly (p < 0.05) highest values (42.90 and 14.66 g/100 g of total fatty acids) in CW and CF diets, respectively. Overall, breed and bird diet factors had a strong effect on egg quality and nutritional profile. Moreover, eggs from Mos hens had more attractive nutritional indices, and they could even be improved more by changing the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Franco
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain;
| | - Diego Rois
- Federacion de Razas Autóctonas de Galicia (BOAGA), Pazo de Fontefiz, 32152 Coles (Ourense), Spain; (D.R.); (A.A.); (J.R.J.)
| | - Anisia Arias
- Federacion de Razas Autóctonas de Galicia (BOAGA), Pazo de Fontefiz, 32152 Coles (Ourense), Spain; (D.R.); (A.A.); (J.R.J.)
| | - José Ramón Justo
- Federacion de Razas Autóctonas de Galicia (BOAGA), Pazo de Fontefiz, 32152 Coles (Ourense), Spain; (D.R.); (A.A.); (J.R.J.)
| | - Francisco J. Marti-Quijal
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (F.J.M.-Q.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Sucheta Khubber
- Food Engineering and Nutrition, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India;
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (F.J.M.-Q.); (F.J.B.)
| | - María López-Pedrouso
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 San Cibrao das Viñas, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Secci G, Bovera F, Parisi G, Moniello G. Quality of Eggs and Albumen Technological Properties as Affected by Hermetia Illucens Larvae Meal in Hens' Diet and Hen Age. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010081. [PMID: 31947767 PMCID: PMC7022922 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Concurrently with the actual challenges in the poultry industry, we aimed to assess the changes induced by the inclusion of an alternative protein source (partially defatted Hermetia illucens larva meal, HI) at two different levels as well as hen age on the overall egg quality and deepened their effect of albumen technological properties. This study could provide useful information for the egg supply chain in order to optimize egg utilization, as a whole or as egg products, thus preventing food losses or undesirable wastes. Specifically, based on the obtained results, the eggs laid by hens fed the highest inclusion of HI would be directed towards egg product industry due to their reduced eggshell percentage and thickness which could increase their fragility. Contrariwise, due to the impaired albumen technological properties, as foaming, found in the egg laid by 27–35 wk-old hens, they could be preferentially sold as a whole. Abstract The impact on the egg quality and the albumen technological properties were here evaluated as affected by diet and hen age (A) of 162 Hy-line Brown hens. Three isoproteic and isoenergetic diets were formulated respecting the requirements for Hy-line hens: the control diet (C) based on conventional protein sources, and other two where vegetable proteins were substituted at 25% (HI25) and 50% (HI50) by partially defatted Hermetia illucens larva meal (HI). Ten eggs collected from each group at the hen ages of 20, 27, and 35 weeks were evaluated. The eggshell percentage and thickness were significantly reduced in the HI50 eggs (11.93% and 476 µm, respectively) compared to the C (12.34%, 542 µm) and HI25 (12.54%, 516 µm). The aging lowered (p = 0.05) the protein and increased (p < 0.001) water contents of the eggs. Although the foam capacity of the HI50 albumen was halved than the C group (p < 0.05), it was unaffected by the aging. Additionally, this did not impair the volume and the textural properties of a batter (angel cake) in which it was included. On the opposite, the textural characteristics of the cake made by the oldest hens (i.e., 35 wk-old) were compromised. In conclusion, the diet and hen age differently affected egg quality and its technological properties, which could be positive to obtain eggs to destine directly to the market or to the egg industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Secci
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Firenze, via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Fulvia Bovera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Parisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Firenze, via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2755590
| | - Giuseppe Moniello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
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Babu US, Proszkowiec-Weglarz M, Sharma GM, Pereira M, Balan KV. In vivo and in vitro evaluation of tissue colonization and survival capacity of Salmonella Oranienburg in laying hens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3230-3235. [PMID: 29788466 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Oranienburg (SO) was linked to a human salmonellosis outbreak in the Midwest in 2015 and 2016 from consumption of eggs. However, unlike Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE), little is known regarding the potential of SO to colonize in laying hens and contaminate eggs. We used in vivo and in vitro models to evaluate tissue colonization and survival capacity of SO. Twenty eight-week-old laying hens were each challenged with an oral dose of approximately 107 (n = 92) or 109 (n = 96) colony-forming units (CFU) in 1 mL saline and evaluated after 1, 2, and 4 wk. Standard microbiological methods with pre-enrichment and enrichment in selective media were used for detection of SO in tissues, egg shell wash, internal egg contents, and excreta. Peak colonization of spleen (86.9%), ovaries (31.6%), upper oviduct (15.8%), and lower oviduct (34.3%) was detected between 1 and 2 wk post-infection (pi), while at 4 wk SO was only recovered from spleens (25%). Salmonella enterica serovar Oranienburg was not recovered from internal egg contents. However, the presence of SO on egg shells was seen when there were traces of excreta. Shedding in excreta was found in 92 and 100% birds gavaged with 107 and 109 CFU at 2 wk pi, respectively. The invasion and proliferation of SO in ovarian granulosa cells (GC) was compared to that of SE, and while the invasion of SO into GC was comparable to SE, proliferation of SO was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The infective potential of SO was also assessed by enumerating survival in egg white over 4 wk under refrigerated conditions, resulting in 65% survival at 4 wk. Overall, our data suggested that SO infection in layers did not result in egg contamination via vertical transmission, and colonization of egg-forming tissues was limited to 2 wk pi. Survival within GC and egg white demonstrates the ability of SO to withstand antibacterial factors and the potential of SO to penetrate the yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma S Babu
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Girdhari M Sharma
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Marion Pereira
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| | - Kannan V Balan
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
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Du X, Liu S, Sun J, Zhang G, Jia Y, Pan Z, Xiang H, He S, Xia Q, Xiao S, Shi W, Quan Z, Liu J, Ma J, Pang B, Wang L, Sun G, Gong W, Jenkins JN, Lou X, Zhu J, Xu H. Dissection of complicate genetic architecture and breeding perspective of cottonseed traits by genome-wide association study. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:451. [PMID: 29895260 PMCID: PMC5998501 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cottonseed is one of the most important raw materials for plant protein, oil and alternative biofuel for diesel engines. Understanding the complex genetic basis of cottonseed traits is requisite for achieving efficient genetic improvement of the traits. However, it is not yet clear about their genetic architecture in genomic level. GWAS has been an effective way to explore genetic basis of quantitative traits in human and many crops. This study aims to dissect genetic mechanism seven cottonseed traits by a GWAS for genetic improvement. RESULTS A genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on a full gene model with gene effects as fixed and gene-environment interaction as random, was conducted for protein, oil and 5 fatty acids using 316 accessions and ~ 390 K SNPs. Totally, 124 significant quantitative trait SNPs (QTSs), consisting of 16, 21, 87 for protein, oil and fatty acids (palmitic, linoleic, oleic, myristic, stearic), respectively, were identified and the broad-sense heritability was estimated from 71.62 to 93.43%; no QTS-environment interaction was detected for the protein, the palmitic and the oleic contents; the protein content was predominantly controlled by epistatic effects accounting for 65.18% of the total variation, but the oil content and the fatty acids except the palmitic were mainly determined by gene main effects and no epistasis was detected for the myristic and the stearic. Prediction of superior pure line and hybrid revealed the potential of the QTSs in the improvement of cottonseed traits, and the hybrid could achieve higher or lower genetic values compared with pure lines. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed complex genetic architecture of seven cottonseed traits at whole genome-wide by mixed linear model approach; the identified genetic variants and estimated genetic component effects of gene, gene-gene and gene-environment interaction provide cotton geneticist or breeders new knowledge on the genetic mechanism of the traits and the potential molecular breeding design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongming Du
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouye Liu
- Institute of crop science and Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junling Sun
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gengyun Zhang
- Shenzhen Huada Gene Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinhua Jia
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoe Pan
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Xiang
- Shenzhen Huada Gene Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shoupu He
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuju Xia
- Shenzhen Huada Gene Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Songhua Xiao
- Institute of industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijun Shi
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, 830002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwu Quan
- Shenzhen Huada Gene Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianguang Liu
- Institute of industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, 830002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoyin Pang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liru Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaofei Sun
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Gong
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Anyang, 455000 People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Xiangyang Lou
- Department of Pediatrics, Biostatistics Division Arkansas Children‘s Hospital Research Institute School of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Institute of crop science and Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiming Xu
- Institute of crop science and Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
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8
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He T, Zhang H, Wang J, Wu S, Yue H, Qi G. Proteomic comparison by iTRAQ combined with mass spectrometry of egg white proteins in laying hens (Gallus gallus) fed with soybean meal and cottonseed meal. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182886. [PMID: 28813468 PMCID: PMC5557595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cottonseed meal (CSM) is commonly used in hens' diets to replace soybean meal (SBM). However, the molecular consequences of this substitution remains unclear. To investigate the impact of this substitution at the molecular level, iTRAQ combined with biochemical analysis was performed in Hy-Line W-36 hens supplemented with a mixed diet of CSM and SBM. Egg weight, albumen height, and Haugh unit were significantly reduced in the CSM100 group (100% crude protein of SBM replaced by CSM) compared with the SBM group (P<0.05). A total of 15 proteins, accounting for 75% of egg white proteins with various biological functions of egg whites, were found to be reduced. This finding may relate to the decrease of albumen quality in the CSM100 group. Oviduct magnum morphology and hormone analysis indicated that a reduced level of plasma progesterone caused reduced growth of the tubular gland and epithelial cells in the magnum, further decreasing egg white protein synthesis in the magnum. These findings help demonstrate the molecular mechanisms of a CSM diet that cause adverse effects on albumen quality, while also showing that SBM should not be totally replaced with CSM in a hen diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyuan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang X, Zhang H, Wang H, Yue H, Wang J, Wu S, Qi G. Effect of different protein ingredients on performance, egg quality, organ health, and jejunum morphology of laying hens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1316-1324. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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