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Jang KB, Zhao Y, Kim YI, Pasquetti T, Kim SW. Effects of bacterial β-mannanase on apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients in various feedstuffs fed to growing pigs. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:1700-1708. [PMID: 37592382 PMCID: PMC10623040 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the effects of β-mannanase on metabolizable energy (ME) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of protein in various feedstuffs including barley, copra meal, corn, corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), palm kernel meal, sorghum, and soybean meal. METHODS A basal diet was formulated with 94.8% corn and 0.77% amino acids, minerals, and vitamins and test diets replacing corn-basal diets with barley, corn DDGS, sorghum, soybean meal, or wheat (50%, respectively) and copra meal or palm kernel meal (30%, respectively). The basal diet and test diets were evaluated by using triplicated or quadruplicated 2×2 Latin square designs consisting of 2 diets and 2 periods with a total of 54 barrows at 20.6±0.6 kg (9 wk of age). Dietary treatments were levels of β-mannanase supplementation (0 or 800 U/kg of feed). Fecal and urine samples were collected for 4 d following a 4-d adaptation period. The ME and ATTD of crude protein (CP) in feedstuffs were calculated by a difference procedure. Data were analyzed using Proc general linear model of SAS. RESULTS Supplementation of β-mannanase improved (p<0.05) ME of barley (10.4%), palm kernel meal (12.4%), sorghum (6.0%), and soybean meal (2.9%) fed to growing pigs. Supplementation of β-mannanase increased (p<0.05) ATTD of CP in palm kernel meal (8.8%) and tended to increase (p = 0.061) ATTD of CP in copra meal (18.0%) fed to growing pigs. CONCLUSION This study indicates that various factors such as the structure and the amount of β-mannans, water binding capacity, and the level of resistant starch vary among feedstuffs and the efficacy of supplemental β-mannanase may be influenced by these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Beom Jang
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695,
USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695,
USA
| | - Young Ihn Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695,
USA
| | - Tiago Pasquetti
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695,
USA
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695,
USA
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Marii ND, Kashongwe OB, King'ori AM. Effects of treating Prosopis juliflora pods with multienzyme, with and without bacterial cultures on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), fermentation kinetics, and performance of growing pigs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:125. [PMID: 35239066 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of treating Prosopis juliflora pods with multienzyme and bacterial cultures on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), fermentation kinetics, and performance of growing pigs. Experiment one consisted of a pepsin-pancreatine hydrolysis method to simulate, in vitro, the pig digestive system and was followed by in vitro gas production to assess fermentation kinetics. Samples of ground Prosopis pod meal (GPPM) were allocated to four treatments with three replicates each. Treatments included GPPM treated with multienzyme (Natuzyme®) (T1); untreated (GPPM) (T2); GPPM fermented with (Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 Ecosyl ®) (T3), and GPPM treated using natural fermentation (T4). The second experiment assessed the performance of pigs fed the best treatment from experiment 1. Thirty Landrace × large white crosses of 20 ± 2 kg were allotted to five treatments with six pigs each (replicates). The dietary treatments were PC, 0% GPPM + enzyme; NC, 0% GPPM and 0% enzyme; D1, 10% GPPM + enzyme; D2, 20% GPPM + enzyme; and D3, 30% GPPM + enzyme. A randomized complete block design was used for both experiments. Enzyme treatment (T1) and T3 improved the IVDMD of the GPPM compared to T2 by 3.68% and 1.2%, respectively (p < 0.05). Cumulative gas was highest and Tmax lowest for T1 but significantly different only to T4 (p < 0.05). Average daily gain and intake were highest for pigs fed GPPM up to 10% (PC, D1). Feed conversion ratio increased with the level of GPPM in the diet. The results suggest Prosopis juliflora pods treated with enzymes can be added in pig diets up to 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngugi David Marii
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, 20115, Kenya.
| | - Olivier Basole Kashongwe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, 20115, Kenya.,Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Box 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anthony Macharia King'ori
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, 20115, Kenya
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Kiarie EG, Steelman S, Martinez, M, Livingston K. Significance of single β-mannanase supplementation on performance and energy utilization in broiler chickens, laying hens, turkeys, sows, and nursery-finish pigs: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab160. [PMID: 34888489 PMCID: PMC8651174 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will give a brief description of β-mannans, abundance in feedstuffs, utility of supplemental feed β-mannanase, and subsequent animal responses. Soybean products and co-products of processing palm, coconut, and guar seeds are the major sources of β-mannans in poultry and livestock feed. β-Mannans are linear polymers of mannose residues linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds and their ingestion elicit undesirable and metabolically costly responses. Web of Science was searched to retrieve published studies for meta-analyses of the impact of supplemental β-mannanase on performance and digestibility in pigs and poultry. The mean difference (MD) between β-mannanase and control on average daily gain (g/d) was +0.23 (P = 0.013; 95% CI of 0.05; 0.41), +10.8 g/d (P = 0.0005; 95% CI of 6.6; 15.0 g/d), and +20.68 (P < 0.000; 95% CI of 17.15; 24.20 g/d) for broiler chickens, nursery pigs, and grow-finish pigs, respectively. The MD on β-mannanase improvement on feed conversion (FCR) was -0.02 (P < 0.0001) with 95% CI (-0.03; -0.02) suggesting a 2-to-3-point FCR improvement in broiler chickens. β-Mannanase improvement on gain to feed (G:F) was +13.8 g/kg (P = 0.027; 2.1; 25.4 g/kg) and +8.77 g/kg (6.32; 11.23 g/kg) in nursery and grow-finish pigs, respectively. β-Mannanase improved apparent metabolizable energy by 47 kcal/kg (P = 0.0004) with 95% CI (28.8; 65.7 kcal/kg) in broiler chickens. The improvement of gross energy digestibility in pigs was 1.08% unit with 95% CI (0.90; 1.26) translating to the release of between 30.6 and 42.8 kcal/kg of digestible energy. Although data were limited, β-mannanase improved egg production in laying hens linked to improved energy metabolism in laying hens linked to improved energy metabolism but had no impact on egg quality. Turkeys may be more adversely affected by β-mannans because of the high protein/amino acids requirements necessitating higher dietary inclusion of soybean meal. However, growth performance and feed efficiency responses of turkeys fed diets supplemented with β-mannanase were variable. In summary, β-mannanase supplementation improved performance linked to energy and nutrient utilization. However, the magnitude of response was variable within and between species indicating further application refinement is warranted to achieve consistent efficacy, and improved understanding of the functional contribution of β-mannans hydrolysis products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Sung JY, Kim BG. Prediction equations for digestible and metabolizable energy concentrations in feed ingredients and diets for pigs based on chemical composition. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:306-311. [PMID: 32819083 PMCID: PMC7876718 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives were to develop prediction equations for digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of feed ingredients and diets for pigs based on chemical composition and to evaluate the accuracy of the equations using in vivo data. METHODS A total of 734 data points from 81 experiments were employed to develop prediction equations for DE and ME in feed ingredients and diets. The CORR procedure of SAS was used to determine correlation coefficients between chemical components and energy concentrations and the REG procedure was used to generate prediction equations. Developed equations were tested for the accuracy according to the regression analysis using in vivo data. RESULTS The DE and ME in feed ingredients and diets were most negatively correlated with acid detergent fiber or neutral detergent fiber (NDF; r = -0.46 to r = -0.67; p<0.05). Three prediction equations for feed ingredients reflected in vivo data well as follows: DE = 728+0.76×gross energy (GE)-25.18×NDF (R2 = 0.64); ME = 965+0.66×GE-24.62×NDF (R2 = 0.60); ME = 1,133+0.65×GE-29.05×ash-23.17×NDF (R2 = 0.67). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the equations suggested in the current study would predict energy concentration in feed ingredients and diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeol Sung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Beob Gyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Jang JC, Kim KH, Jang YD, Kim YY. Effects of Dietary β-Mannanase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Intestinal Integrity, and Immune Responses in Weaning Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E703. [PMID: 32316523 PMCID: PMC7222840 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, intestinal integrity, and the immunological and oxidative stress parameters in weaning pigs. A total of 64 newly weaning pigs (initial body weight: 6.96 ± 0.70 kg) were allotted to two dietary treatments in eight replicates per treatment with four pigs per pen based on body weight and sex. Dietary treatments were 1.) CON (control: corn-soybean meal based basal diet) and 2.) β-mannanase (basal diet +0.06% β-mannanase). The β-mannanase supplementation did not affect growth performance, concentrations of acute phase protein, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. However, the pigs fed the β-mannanase-supplemented diet had greater ATTD of ether extract, jejunum villus height, and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, and lower crypt depth compared with those fed the CON diet (p < 0.05). The pigs fed the β-mannanase-supplemented diet tended to have the lower count of E. coli in cecum than those fed the CON diet (p = 0.08). In conclusion, dietary β-mannanase supplementation did not affect growth performance, immune response and oxidative stress of weaning pigs, whereas it increased fat digestibility and had positive effects on intestinal integrity and cecum microflora by reducing the count of E.coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Cheol Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-C.J.); (K.H.K.); (Y.D.J.)
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-C.J.); (K.H.K.); (Y.D.J.)
| | - Young Dal Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-C.J.); (K.H.K.); (Y.D.J.)
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022, USA
| | - Yoo Yong Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-C.J.); (K.H.K.); (Y.D.J.)
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Navarro DMDL, Bruininx EMAM, de Jong L, Stein HH. Effects of physicochemical characteristics of feed ingredients on the apparent total tract digestibility of energy, DM, and nutrients by growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2265-2277. [PMID: 29688508 PMCID: PMC6095346 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of physicochemical characteristics of feed ingredients on DE and ME and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE, DM, and nutrients were determined in growing pigs using ingredients with different ratios between insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF). Eighty growing barrows (BW: 48.41 ± 1.50 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 10 diets and eight replicate pigs per diet. Dietary treatments included a corn-based diet, a wheat-based diet, a corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet, and seven diets based on a mixture of the corn-SBM diet and canola meal, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), corn germ meal (CGM), copra expellers, sugar beet pulp (SBP), synthetic cellulose, or pectin. Values for the ATTD of DM and nutrients were also compared with the in vitro digestibility of GE, DM, and nutrients. Results indicated that the ATTD of GE was greater (P < 0.05) in wheat than in canola meal, DDGS, CGM, copra expellers, SBP, and synthetic cellulose, but not different from corn, SBM, or pectin. SBM had greater (P < 0.05) DE and ME (DM basis) compared with all other ingredients. The concentration of ME (DM basis) was greater (P < 0.05) in wheat than in canola meal, DDGS, CGM, copra expellers, SBP, synthetic cellulose, and pectin, but not different from corn. Stronger correlations between total dietary fiber (TDF) and DE and ME than between ADF or NDF and DE and ME were observed, indicating that TDF can be used to more accurately predict DE and ME than values for NDF or ADF. The DE, ME, and the ATTD of DM in ingredients were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with in vitro ATTD of DM, indicating that the in vitro procedure may be used to estimate DE and ME in feed ingredients. Swelling and water-binding capacity were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the ATTD of IDF, TDF, nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), and insoluble NSP, and viscosity was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the ATTD of NDF, IDF, and insoluble NSP, indicating that some physical characteristics may influence digestibility of fiber. However, physical characteristics of feed ingredients were not correlated with the concentration of DE and ME, which indicates that these parameters do not influence in vivo energy digestibility in feed ingredients. It is concluded that the DE and ME in feed ingredients may be predicted from some chemical constituents and from in vitro digestibility of DM, but not from physical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik M A M Bruininx
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
- Agrifirm Innovation Center, Royal Dutch Agrifirm, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Lineke de Jong
- Agrifirm Innovation Center, Royal Dutch Agrifirm, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Hans H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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Liu W, Devi S, Park J, Kim I. Effects of complex probiotic supplementation in growing pig diets with and without palm kernel expellers on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, fecal microbial shedding and noxious gas emission. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:552-560. [PMID: 29265718 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Experiment 1, a total of 100 growing pigs (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]) with an average initial body weight (BW) of 24.88 ± 1.57 kg were randomly allotted to 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of palm kernel expellers (PKE) in diets at 0% or 10%, and two concentrations of supplemental probiotics at 0 or 6.0 × 107 colony-forming units/kg. There were five replicate pens per treatment with five pigs per pen. In Experiment 2, eight barrows with average initial BW of 25.78 ± 0.19 kg were allotted to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four diets and four periods per square. Four experimental diets were the same as Experiment 1. In Experiment 1, dietary probiotic supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG), nutrient digestibility and the fecal Lactobacillus counts. Furthermore, interactive effects (P < 0.05) between PKE and probiotics were observed on ADG and growth-to-feed ratio. In Experiment 2, an interactive effect (P < 0.05) of PKE and probiotics was observed in apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen and some amino acids. In conclusion, dietary probiotics did not improve PKE utilization and the use of probiotics in non-PKE-containing diet was more favorable than in PKE-containing diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Subramaniammohana Devi
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Park
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - Inho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
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Kim MC, Kim JH, Pitargue FM, Koo DY, Choi HS, Kil DY. Effect of dietary β-mannanase on productive performance, egg quality, and utilization of dietary energy and nutrients in aged laying hens raised under hot climatic conditions. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1450-1455. [PMID: 28728366 PMCID: PMC5582330 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary β-mannanase on productive performance, egg quality, and utilization of dietary energy and nutrients in aged laying hens raised under hot climatic conditions. Methods A total of 320 84-wk-old Hy-line Brown aged laying hens were allotted to one of four treatments with eight replicates in a completely randomized design. Two dietary treatments with high energy (HE; 2,800 kcal/kg nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy [AMEn]) and low energy (LE; 2,700 kcal/kg AMEn) were formulated. Two additional diets were prepared by adding 0.04% (MN4) or 0.08% β-mannanase (MN8) to LE treatment diets. The feeding trial was conducted for 28 d, covering a period from July to August in South Korea. The average daily room temperature and relative humidity were 29.2°C and 83%, respectively. Results Productive performance, egg quality, and cloacal temperature were not influenced by dietary treatments. The measured AMEn values for MN8 diets were similar to those for HE diets, which were greater (p<0.05) than those for LE and MN4 diets. However, the AMEn values for MN8 diets did not differ from those for LE and MN4 diets. Conclusion The addition of β-mannanase to low energy diets increases energy values for diets fed to aged laying hens. However, this increase has little positive impacts on performance and egg quality. These results indicate that dietary β-mannanase does not mitigate the heat stress of aged laying hens raised under hot climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Chan Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | | | - Do Yoon Koo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Dong Yong Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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Diarra SS. Effects of enzyme products in the diet on growth, dressing-out percent and organ weights of light pigs fed copra-meal-based diets. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of different enzyme products on the utilisation of high copra meal (CPM)-based diets by growing pigs was investigated in two experiments (1 and 2). Four diets containing 0, 150, 300 and 450 g CPM/kg were fed in Experiment 1. Feed intake and bodyweight gain were depressed (P < 0.05) above 150 g/kg inclusion but final bodyweight was maintained (P > 0.05) up to 300 g/kg dietary CPM. Dressing percentage improved (P < 0.05) on 150 compared with the control and 450 g/kg diets. In Experiment 2, four diets based on 300 g CPM/kg unsupplemented/supplemented with Allzyme, β-mannanase or their combinations were fed. Feed intake reduced on the control compared with Allzyme supplementation (P < 0.05). Bodyweight gain was improved with Allzyme supplementation. Pigs fed diets supplemented with Allzyme and mannanase converted their feed into weight better (P < 0.05). Growth rates decreased when CPM was included in the diet at levels greater than 150 g/kg, but at 300 g/kg the decrease in growth rate was much less when supplemented with Allzyme or β-mannanase.
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