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Wang X, Zhang C, Li R, Qiu Y, Ma Y, Wang S, Li Y, Guo S, Li C. Down-regulation of miR-29 improves lipid metabolism in fatty liver of dairy cows. Anim Biotechnol 2024:2396414. [PMID: 39205627 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2396414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a thorough investigation into the mechanisms by which miR-29 influences lipid metabolism. Thirty-two cows were selected and categorized into distinct groups based on their liver triglyceride (TG) content: healthy, mild fatty liver, and moderate fatty liver groups. Dairy cows with moderate fatty liver showed higher levels of hepatic lipid accumulation, MDA content and serum AST, ALT and ALP contents and lower hepatic catalase CAT and SOD activities. Subsequently, hepatocytes isolated from healthy calves were exposed to sodium oleate (SO) in the presence or absence of pre-incubation with miR-29 inhibitor or inhibitor NC. Pre-transfection with miR-29 inhibitor resulted in reduced hepatocyte lipid accumulation and MDA levels, as well as decreased levels of AST, ALT, and ALP in the supernatant. In the miR-29 inhibitor + SO group, there was an increase in the expression of SREBP-1, FAS, SCD1, and Sirt1. Meanwhile, the expression of PPARα, CPT1, CPT2, PGC-1α, NRF-1, UCP2, and miR-29 were observed to be decreased. In comparison to the miR-29 inhibitor + SO group, some of the measured indicators showed partial reversal in the miR-29 inhibitor + siSirt1 + SO group. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that miR-29 may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of fatty liver in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Rishun Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanbo Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Longmen Laboratory, Innovative Research Team of Livestock Intelligent Breeding and Equipment, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuanxiao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Chenxu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, China
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2
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Ashokan M, Rana E, Sneha K, Namith C, Naveen Kumar GS, Azharuddin N, Elango K, Jeyakumar S, Ramesha KP. Metabolomics-a powerful tool in livestock research. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3237-3249. [PMID: 36200897 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2128814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) along with recent developments in omics sciences have resulted in a better understanding of molecular mechanisms and pathways associated with the physio-pathological state of the animal. Metabolomics is a post-genomics tool that deals with small molecular metabolites in a given set of time which provides clear information about the status of an organism. Recently many researchers mainly focus their research on metabolomics studies due to its valuable information in the various fields of livestock management and precision dairying. The main aim of the present review is to provide an insight into the current research output from different sources and application of metabolomics in various areas of livestock including nutri-metabolomics, disease diagnosis advancements, reproductive disorders, pharmaco-metabolomics, genomics studies, and dairy production studies. The present review would be helpful in understanding the metabolomics methodologies and use of livestock metabolomics in various areas in a brief way.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ashokan
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, Hassan Veterinary College, Hassan, India
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Cattle Breeding and Fodder Development, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Ekta Rana
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Kadimetla Sneha
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, Hassan Veterinary College, Hassan, India
| | - C Namith
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - G S Naveen Kumar
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, Hassan Veterinary College, Hassan, India
| | - N Azharuddin
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - K Elango
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - S Jeyakumar
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - K P Ramesha
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, India
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3
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NMR-based metabolomics of plasma from dairy calves infected with two primary causal agents of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Sci Rep 2023; 13:2671. [PMID: 36792613 PMCID: PMC9930073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Each year, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) results in significant economic loss in the cattle sector, and novel metabolic profiling for early diagnosis represents a promising tool for developing effective measures for disease management. Here, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra were used to characterize metabolites from blood plasma collected from male dairy calves (n = 10) intentionally infected with two of the main BRD causal agents, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and Mannheimia haemolytica (MH), to generate a well-defined metabolomic profile under controlled conditions. In response to infection, 46 metabolites (BRSV = 32, MH = 33) changed in concentration compared to the uninfected state. Fuel substrates and products exhibited a particularly strong effect, reflecting imbalances that occur during the immune response. Furthermore, 1H-NMR spectra from samples from the uninfected and infected stages were discriminated with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity ≥ 95% using chemometrics to model the changes associated with disease, suggesting that metabolic profiles can be used for further development, understanding, and validation of novel diagnostic tools.
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Evaluation of the metabolomic profile through 1H-NMR spectroscopy in ewes affected by postpartum hyperketonemia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16463. [PMID: 36183000 PMCID: PMC9526738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketosis is one of the most important health problems in dairy sheep. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic alterations in hyperketonemic (HYK) ewes. Forty-six adult Sardinian ewes were enrolled between 7 ± 3 days post-partum. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein using Venosafe tubes containing clot activator from jugular vein after clinical examination. The concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was determined in serum and used to divide ewes into assign ewes into: Non-HYK (serum BHB < 0.80 mmol/L) and HYK (serum BHB ≥ 0.80 mmol/L) groups. Animal data and biochemical parameters of groups were examined with one-way ANOVA, and metabolite differences were tested using a t-test. A robust principal component analysis model and a heatmap were used to highlight common trends among metabolites. Over-representation analysis was performed to investigate metabolic pathways potentially altered in connection with BHB alterations. The metabolomic analysis identified 54 metabolites with 14 different between groups. These metabolites indicate altered ruminal microbial populations and fermentations; an interruption of the tricarboxylic acid cycle; initial lack of glucogenic substrates; mobilization of body reserves; the potential alteration of electron transport chain; influence on urea synthesis; alteration of nervous system, inflammatory response, and immune cell function.
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5
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Zhu Y, Bu D, Ma L. Integration of Multiplied Omics, a Step Forward in Systematic Dairy Research. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030225. [PMID: 35323668 PMCID: PMC8955540 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique multi-gastric digestion system highly adapted for rumination, dairy livestock has complicated physiology different from monogastric animals. However, the microbiome-based mechanism of the digestion system is congenial for biology approaches. Different omics and their integration have been widely applied in the dairy sciences since the previous decade for investigating their physiology, pathology, and the development of feed and management protocols. The rumen microbiome can digest dietary components into utilizable sugars, proteins, and volatile fatty acids, contributing to the energy intake and feed efficiency of dairy animals, which has become one target of the basis for omics applications in dairy science. Rumen, liver, and mammary gland are also frequently targeted in omics because of their crucial impact on dairy animals’ energy metabolism, production performance, and health status. The application of omics has made outstanding contributions to a more profound understanding of the physiology, etiology, and optimizing the management strategy of dairy animals, while the multi-omics method could draw information of different levels and organs together, providing an unprecedented broad scope on traits of dairy animals. This article reviewed recent omics and multi-omics researches on physiology, feeding, and pathology on dairy animals and also performed the potential of multi-omics on systematic dairy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- Joint Laboratory on Integrated Crop-Tree-Livestock Systems of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), and World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (L.M.)
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6
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Differences in the serum metabolome profile of dairy cows according to the BHB concentration revealed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H-NMR). Sci Rep 2022; 12:2525. [PMID: 35169190 PMCID: PMC8847571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mobilization of body reserves during the transition from pregnancy to lactation might predispose dairy cows to develop metabolic disorders such as subclinical ketosis or hyperketonemia. These conditions are not easily identifiable and are frequently related to other diseases that cause economic loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum metabolome differences according to the β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration. Forty-nine Holstein Friesian dairy cows were enrolled between 15 and 30 days in milk. According to their serum BHB concentration, the animals were divided into three groups: Group 0 (G0; 12 healthy animals; BHB ≤ 0.50 mmol/L); Group 1 (G1; 19 healthy animals; 0.51 ≤ BHB < 1.0 mmol/L); and Group 2 (G2; 18 hyperketonemic animals; BHB ≥ 1.0 mmol/L). Animal data and biochemical parameters were examined with one-way ANOVA, and metabolite significant differences were examined by t-tests. Fifty-seven metabolites were identified in the serum samples. Thirteen metabolites showed significant effects and seemed to be related to the mobilization of body reserves, lipids, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, and ruminal fermentation.
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Li M, Yang W, Wen J, Loor JJ, Aboragah A, Wang J, Wang S, Li M, Yu L, Hou X, Xu C, Zhang B. Intracellular Ca2+ signaling and ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 are associated with hepatic lipidosis in dairy cattle. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab184. [PMID: 34100951 PMCID: PMC8280943 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver is a common metabolic disorder afflicting dairy cows during the periparturient period and is closely associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The onset of ER stress in humans and mice alters hepatic lipid metabolism, but it is unknown if such event contributes to fatty liver in dairy cows soon after parturition. ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1) is a key component of the store-operated Ca2+ entry mechanism regulating cellular Ca2+ balance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ORAI1 on hepatic lipidosis via ER stress in dairy cows. Liver tissue biopsies were collected from Holstein cows diagnosed as healthy (n = 6) or with hepatic lipidosis (n = 6). Protein and mRNA abundance of ER stress-related targets, lipogenic targets, or the transcription regulator SREBP1 and ORAI1 were greater in cows with lipidosis. In vitro, hepatocytes were isolated from four healthy female calves and used for culture with a 1.2 mM mixture of fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic, and palmitoleic acid) for various times (0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 h). As incubation time progressed, increases in concentration of Ca2+ and abundance of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α), and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6) protein in response to exogenous fatty acids underscored a mechanistic link among Ca2+, fatty acids, and ER stress. In a subsequent study, hepatocytes were transfected with small interfering RNA (siORAI1) or the ORAI1 inhibitor BTP2 for 48 h or 2 h followed by a challenge with the 1.2 mM mixture of fatty acids for 6 h. Compared with control group, silencing or inhibition of ORAI1 led to decreased abundance of fatty acid synthesis (FASN, SREBP1, and ACACA) and ER stress-related proteins in bovine hepatocytes. Overall, data suggested that NEFA through ORAI1 regulate intracellular Ca2+ signaling, induce ER stress, and lead to lipidosis in isolated hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianan Wen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysio Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ahmad Aboragah
- Mammalian NutriPhysio Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liyun Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
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8
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Myers WA, Wang F, Chang C, Davis AN, Rico JE, Tate BN, France TL, Wang LF, McFadden JW. Intravenous trimethylamine N-oxide infusion does not modify circulating markers of liver health, glucose tolerance, and milk production in early-lactation cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9948-9955. [PMID: 34176629 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In rodents and humans, the gut bacteria-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been implicated in the progression of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, fatty liver, and insulin resistance; however, the effects of TMAO on dairy cattle health and milk production have not been defined. We aimed to determine whether intravenous TMAO infusion modifies measures of liver health, glucose tolerance, and milk production in early-lactation cows. Eight early-lactation Holstein cows (30.4 ± 6.41 d in milk; 2.88 ± 0.83 lactations) were enrolled in a study with a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Cows were intravenously infused TMAO at 0 (control), 20, 40, or 60 g/d for 6 d. Washout periods lasted 9 d. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (GTT) occurred on d 5. Blood was collected daily. Milk was collected on d -1, 0, 5, and 6. Urine was collected on d -1 and 6. Circulating metabolites, milk components, and TMAO concentrations in milk, urine, and plasma were quantified. Data were analyzed using a mixed model that included the fixed effects of treatment. Concentrations of TMAO in plasma, milk, and urine increased linearly with increasing dose. Dry matter intake and milk production were not modified by treatment. Daily plasma triacylglycerol, fatty acid (FA), and glucose concentrations were not modified. Serum albumin, total protein, globulin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase concentrations were also not modified by treatment. Serum GTT glucose, FA, and insulin concentrations were not modified by treatment. Plasma total, reduced, and oxidized glutathione concentrations were also not modified by treatment. We conclude that a 6-d intravenous infusion of TMAO does not influence measures of liver health, glucose tolerance, or milk production in early-lactation dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Myers
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Feiran Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 830052
| | - Crystal Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Amanda N Davis
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - J Eduardo Rico
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Brianna N Tate
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Tanya L France
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Linfeng F Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China 450046
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9
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Schären M, Riefke B, Slopianka M, Keck M, Gruendemann S, Wichard J, Brunner N, Klein S, Snedec T, Theinert KB, Pietsch F, Rachidi F, Köller G, Bannert E, Spilke J, Starke A. Aspects of transition cow metabolomics-Part III: Alterations in the metabolome of liver and blood throughout the transition period in cows with different liver metabotypes. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9245-9262. [PMID: 34024605 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in the postpartum (PP) energy metabolism of the transition dairy cow; however, studies describing the liver metabolome during this period were lacking. The aim of the presented study was therefore to compare the alterations in the liver and blood metabolome of transition dairy cows. For this purpose, an on-farm trial with 80 German Holstein cows (mean lactation number: 3.9; range: 2-9) was performed, with thorough documentation of clinical traits and clinical chemistry, as well as production data. Liver biopsies and blood samples were collected at d 14 (mean: 12 d, range: 1-26 d) antepartum (AP), d 7 (7, 4-13) and 28 (28, 23-34; mean, earliest-latest) PP for targeted mass spectroscopy-based metabolomics analysis using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences). Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate (partial least squares discriminant analysis) as well as univariate methods (linear mixed model). Multivariate data analysis of the liver metabolome revealed 3 different metabotypes (A = medium, B = minor, C = large alterations in the liver metabolome profile between AP and PP). In metabotype C, an increase of almost all acylcarnitines, lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPC), sphingomyelins, and some phosphatidylcholines (PC, mainly at 7 d PP) was observed after calving. In contrast to metabotype C, the clinical data of the metabotype B animals indicated a higher PP lipomobilization and occurrence of transition cow diseases. The liver metabolome profile of these animals most likely mirrors a failure of adaptation to the PP state. This strong occurrence of metabotypes was much less pronounced in the blood metabolome. Additionally, differences in metabolic patterns were observed across the transition period when comparing liver and blood matrices (e.g., in different biogenic amines, acylcarnitines and sphingolipids). In summary, the blood samples at 7 d PP showed lower acylcarnitines and PC, with minor alterations and a heterogeneous pattern in AA, biogenic amines, and sphingomyelins compared with 14 d AP. In contrast to 7 d PP, the blood samples at 28 PP revealed an increase in several AA, lysoPC, PC, and sphingomyelins in comparison to the AP state, irrespective of the metabotype. In the liver biopsies metabotype B differed from metabotype C animals ante partum by following metabolites: higher α aminoadipic acid, lower AA, serotonin, taurine, and symmetric dimethylarginine levels, lower or higher concentrations of certain acylcarnitines (higher: C2, C3, C5, C4:1; lower: C12:1, C14:1-OH, C16:2), and lower lysoPC (a C16:0, C18:0, C20:3, C20:4) and hexose levels. In blood samples, fewer differences were observed, with lower serotonin, acylcarnitine C16:2, lysoPC (a C16:0, C17:0, C18:0 and C18:1), PC aa C38:0, and PC ae C42:2. The results show that the use of only the blood metabolome to assess liver metabolism may be hampered by the fact that blood profiles are influenced by the metabolism of many organs, and metabolomics analysis from liver biopsies is a more suitable method to identify distinct metabotypes. Future studies should investigate the stability and reproducibility of the metabotype and phenotypes observed, and the possible predictive value of the metabolites already differing AP between metabotype B and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schären
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - B Riefke
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Slopianka
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Keck
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Gruendemann
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Wichard
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Brunner
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH, 51373 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - S Klein
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH, 51373 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - T Snedec
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - K B Theinert
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F Pietsch
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F Rachidi
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Köller
- Laboratory of Large Animal Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - E Bannert
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Spilke
- Biometrics and Informatics in Agriculture Group, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Str. 4, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - A Starke
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Zhang B, Yang W, Wang S, Liu R, Loor JJ, Dong Z, Zhao Y, Ma X, Xia C, Xu C. Lipid Accumulation and Injury in Primary Calf Hepatocytes Challenged With Different Long-Chain Fatty Acids. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:547047. [PMID: 33195520 PMCID: PMC7607255 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.547047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is one of the most common disorders afflicting dairy cows during the postpartum period, and is associated with increased blood non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) uptake by the liver. Major long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in NEFA are palmitic (PA), palmitoleic (POA), stearic (SA), oleic (OA), and linoleic (LA) acid. In order to investigate the characteristics of lipid accumulation and injury caused by these NEFA, primary calf hepatocytes were isolated and challenged for 12 h with 1.2 mmol/L PA, POA, SA, OA, LA, or a mixture of these LCFA (NEFA). Compared with POA, OA, and LA, culture with PA and SA led to greater abundance of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein, glucose-regulated protein 78 mRNA, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 mRNA along with greater concentrations of H2O2, malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although culture with POA, OA, and LA led to lower very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration in cell culture medium, POA and OA led to greater concentrations of triacylglycerol, protein abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, fatty acid synthase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 1, ApoB100, and sortilin 1 (SORT1). Compared with individual fatty acids, culture with NEFA led to an intermediate degree of lipid accumulation and hepatocytes damage. Overall, the data suggest that saturated fatty acids cause more severe oxidative and ER stress. However, unsaturated fatty acids cause serious lipid accumulation. Furthermore, a fatty acid balanced nutrient regulation was suggested useful improve liver health of transition period dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Runqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Zhihao Dong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xinru Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Cheng Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Eom JS, Kim ET, Kim HS, Choi YY, Lee SJ, Lee SS, Kim SH, Lee SS. Metabolomics comparison of rumen fluid and milk in dairy cattle using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:213-222. [PMID: 32819075 PMCID: PMC7876715 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The metabolites that constitute the rumen fluid and milk in dairy cattle were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and compared with the results obtain for other dairy cattle herds worldwide. The aim was to provide basic dataset for facilitating research on metabolites in rumen fluid and milk. Methods Six dairy cattle were used in this study. Rumen fluid was collected using a stomach tube, and milk was collected using a pipeline milking system. The metabolites were determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed by principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, variable importance in projection scores, and metabolic pathway data using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results The total numbers of metabolites in rumen fluid and milk were measured to be 186 and 184, and quantified as 72 and 109, respectively. Organic acid and carbohydrate metabolites exhibited the highest concentrations in rumen fluid and milk, respectively. Some metabolites that have been associated with metabolic diseases (acidosis and ketosis) in cows were identified in rumen fluid, and metabolites associated with ketosis, somatic cell production, and coagulation properties were identified in milk. Conclusion The metabolites measured in rumen fluid and milk could potentially be used to detect metabolic diseases and evaluate milk quality. The results could also be useful for metabolomic research on the biofluids of ruminants in Korea, while facilitating their metabolic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea 4 Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea 4 Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe
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12
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Luke TDW, Pryce JE, Wales WJ, Rochfort SJ. A Tale of Two Biomarkers: Untargeted 1H NMR Metabolomic Fingerprinting of BHBA and NEFA in Early Lactation Dairy Cows. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060247. [PMID: 32549362 PMCID: PMC7345919 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of energy metabolism, which can result from a failure to adapt to the period of negative energy balance immediately after calving, have significant negative effects on the health, welfare and profitability of dairy cows. The most common biomarkers of energy balance in dairy cows are β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). While elevated concentrations of these biomarkers are associated with similar negative health and production outcomes, the phenotypic and genetic correlations between them are weak. In this study, we used an untargeted 1H NMR metabolomics approach to investigate the serum metabolomic fingerprints of BHBA and NEFA. Serum samples were collected from 298 cows in early lactation (calibration dataset N = 248, validation N = 50). Metabolomic fingerprinting was done by regressing 1H NMR spectra against BHBA and NEFA concentrations (determined using colorimetric assays) using orthogonal partial least squares regression. Prediction accuracies were high for BHBA models, and moderately high for NEFA models (R2 of external validation of 0.88 and 0.75, respectively). We identified 16 metabolites that were significantly (variable importance of projection score > 1) correlated with the concentration of one or both biomarkers. These metabolites were primarily intermediates of energy, phospholipid, and/or methyl donor metabolism. Of the significant metabolites identified; (1) two (acetate and creatine) were positively correlated with BHBA but negatively correlated with NEFA, (2) nine had similar associations with both BHBA and NEFA, (3) two were correlated with only BHBA concentration, and (4) three were only correlated with NEFA concentration. Overall, our results suggest that BHBA and NEFA are indicative of similar metabolic states in clinically healthy animals, but that several significant metabolic differences exist that help to explain the weak correlations between them. We also identified several metabolites that may be useful intermediate phenotypes in genomic selection for improved metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. W. Luke
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (T.D.W.L.); (J.E.P.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Jennie E. Pryce
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (T.D.W.L.); (J.E.P.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - William J. Wales
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank Centre, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia;
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Simone J. Rochfort
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (T.D.W.L.); (J.E.P.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence:
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13
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Yang W, Liu R, Xia C, Chen Y, Dong Z, Huang B, Li R, Li M, Xu C. Effects of different fatty acids on BRL3A rat liver cell damage. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6246-6256. [PMID: 32012270 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of fatty acids on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and lipid damage. We treated BRL3A rat liver cells with, linoleic (LA), linolenic, oleic (OA), palmitic (PA), palmitoleic (POA), or stearic (SA) acid for 12 hr. The characteristics of cell lipid deposition, oxidative stress indexes, ER stress markers, nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65), lipid synthesis and transport regulators, and cholesterol metabolism regulators were analyzed. Endoplasmic chaperones like glucose-regulated protein 78, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein, NF-κB p65, hydrogen peroxide, and malonaldehyde in PA- and SA-treated cells were significantly higher than in other treated cells. Deposition of fatty acids especially LA and POA were significantly increased than in other treated cells. De novo lipogenesis regulators sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 (ACC1) expression were significantly increased in all fatty acid stimulation groups, and PA- and SA-treated cells showed lower p-ACC1 expression and higher scd1 expression than other fatty acid groups. Very low-density lipoprotein synthesis and apolipoprotein B100 expression in free fatty acids treated cells were significantly lower than control. PA, SA, OA, and POA had shown significantly increased cholesterol synthesis than other treated cells. PA and SA showed the lower synthesis of cytochrome P7A1 and total bile acids than other fatty acids treated cells. Excess of saturated fatty acids led to severe ER and oxidative stress. Excess unsaturated fatty acids led to increased lipid deposition in cultured hepatocytes. A balanced fatty acid intake is needed to maintain lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Runqi Liu
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Cheng Xia
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Baoyin Huang
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Ruirui Li
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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14
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Basoglu A, Baspinar N, Tenori L, Licari C, Gulersoy E. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolome profile evaluation in dairy cows with and without displaced abomasum. Vet Q 2020; 40:1-15. [PMID: 31858882 PMCID: PMC6968509 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2019.1707907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Displaced abomasum (DA) is a condition of dairy cows that severely impacts animal welfare and causes huge economic losses. Objective To assess the metabolic status of the disease using metabolomics in serum, urine and liver samples aimed at both water soluble and lipid soluble fractions. Methods Fifty Holstein multiparous cows with DA (42 left, 8 right) and 20 clinically healthy Holstein multiparous cows were used. Left DA was associated with concomitant ketosis in 19 animals and right in two. NMR-based metabolomics approach and hematological and biochemical analyses were performed. Statistical analysis was carried out on 1H-NMR data after they have been normalized using PQN method. Results Contrary to generated PCA score plots the OPLS-supervised method revealed differences between healthy animals and diseased ones based on serum water-soluble samples. While water and lipid soluble metabolites decreased in serum samples, fatty acid fractions and cholesterol were increased in liver samples in DA affected cows. The metabolomic and chemical profiles clearly revealed that cows with DA (especially with LDA) were at risk of ketosis and fatty liver. Serum hippuric acid concentration was significantly higher in healthy cows in comparison with LDA, whereas serum glycine concentration was reported higher for healthy when compared to RDA affected animals. Conclusion A biochemical network and pathway mapping revealed ‘valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis’ and ‘phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis’ as the most probable altered metabolic pathway in DA condition. Serum was advocated as the optimal biological matrix for the 1H-NMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Basoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nuri Baspinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Interuniversitary Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metalloproteins (C.I.R.M.M.P.), Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Cristina Licari
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Erdem Gulersoy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
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15
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Myers WA, Rico JE, Davis AN, Fontoura ABP, Dineen MJ, Tate BN, McFadden JW. Effects of abomasal infusions of fatty acids and one-carbon donors on hepatic ceramide and phosphatidylcholine in lactating Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7087-7101. [PMID: 31178188 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our objectives were to (1) determine whether the abomasal infusion of behenic acid (C22:0) elevated hepatic ceramide relative to palmitic acid (C16:0) or docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) infusion; (2) assess whether the abomasal infusion of choline chloride or l-serine elevated hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC) in cows abomasally infused with C16:0; and (3) characterize the PC lipidome in cows abomasally infused with C22:6n-3, relative to C16:0 or C22:0 infusion. In a 5 × 5 Latin square design, 5 rumen-cannulated Holstein cows (214 ± 4.9 DIM; 3.2 ± 1.1 parity) were enrolled in a study with 6-d periods. Abomasal infusates consisted of (1) palmitic acid (PA; 98% C16:0); (2) PA + choline chloride (PA+C; 50 g/d choline chloride); (3) PA + l-serine (PA+S; 170 g/d l-serine); (4) behenic acid (BA; 92% C22:0); and (5) an algal oil rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 44% C22:6n-3). Emulsion infusates provided 301 g/d of total fatty acids containing a minimum of 40 g/d of C16:0. Cows were fed a corn silage-based diet. Milk was collected on d -2, -1, 5, and 6. Blood was collected and liver biopsied on d 6 of each period. Although we did not detect differences in milk yield, milk fat yield and content were lower in cows infused with DHA relative to PA. Plasma triacylglycerol concentrations were lower with DHA treatment relative to PA or BA. Cows infused with DHA had lower plasma insulin concentrations relative to cows infused with PA only. For objective 1, hepatic ceramide-d18:2/22:0 was highest in cows infused with BA relative to other treatments. For objective 2, plasma free choline concentrations were greater in PA+C cows relative to PA; however, we did not observe this effect with PA+S. Plasma total PC concentrations were similar for all treatments. Regarding the hepatic lipidome, a total of 18 hepatic PC were higher (e.g., PC-16:1/18:2) and 25 PC were lower (e.g., PC-16:0/22:6) with PA+C infusion relative to PA. In addition, 17 PC were higher (e.g., PC-20:3/22:5) and 21 PC were lower (e.g., PC-18:0/22:6) with PA+S infusion relative to PA. For objective 3, hepatic concentrations of many individual saturated PC (e.g., PC-18:0/15:0) were lower with DHA relative to other treatments. Hepatic concentrations of highly unsaturated PC with very-long-chain fatty acids (e.g., PC-14:0/22:6) were higher in DHA-infused cows relative to PA, PA+C, PA+S, or BA. The abomasal infusion of emulsions containing palmitic acid, palmitic acid with choline chloride or serine, behenic acid, or docosahexaenoic acid influence the hepatic ceramide and PC profiles of lactating cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Myers
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - J E Rico
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - A N Davis
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - A B P Fontoura
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M J Dineen
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - B N Tate
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - J W McFadden
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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16
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Zhang J, Wang G, Zhao C, Bai Y, Shu S, Fan Z, Xia C. 1H NMR plasma metabolomic profiling of ovarian quiescence in energy balanced postpartum dairy cows. Vet Q 2018; 38:47-52. [PMID: 29733756 PMCID: PMC6830969 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2018.1473660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As the milk production of dairy cows increases, the reproductive capacity gradually declines. Ovarian quiescence has become one of the concerns of the dairy industry. Objective: To explore the different plasma metabolite levels between estrus and anestrus in energy balanced (EB) dairy cows. Methods: Ten estrous and 10 anestrus EB Holstein cows in early lactation were selected for the study. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance technology was used to detect plasma metabolites and screen different plasma metabolites between anestrous and estrous cows at 60–90 days postpartum using multivariate statistical analysis. Results: Within an elective waiting period of 60−90 days postpartum mean plasma concentration of total estrogens was significantly higher in estrus cows as compared to anestrus cows (71.2 ± 26.0 and 42.4 ± 16.7 pg/mL, respectively). Seven plasma metabolites (isoleucine, leucine, valine, alanine, arginine, choline and phosphatecholine) demonstrated significant decreases in estrous dairy cows relative to anestrous subjects. The main pathway was leucine, isoleucine and valine biosynthesis. Conclusion: Anestrus in dairy cows is accompanied by alterations in amino acid, glucose and lipid metabolism based on 1H NMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhang
- a Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
| | - Gang Wang
- a Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
| | - Chang Zhao
- a Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
| | - Yunlong Bai
- a Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
| | - Shi Shu
- a Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
| | - Ziling Fan
- a Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
| | - Cheng Xia
- a Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
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17
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Ceciliani F, Lecchi C, Urh C, Sauerwein H. Proteomics and metabolomics characterizing the pathophysiology of adaptive reactions to the metabolic challenges during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation in dairy cows. J Proteomics 2017; 178:92-106. [PMID: 29055723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The transition from late pregnancy to early lactation is a critical period in a dairy cow's life due to the rapidly increasing drain of nutrients from the maternal organism towards the foetus and into colostrum and milk. In order to cope with the challenges of parturition and lactation, comprehensive adaptive reactions comprising the endocrine and the immune system need to be accomplished. There is high variation in this coping ability and both metabolic and infectious diseases, summarized as "production diseases", such as hypocalcaemia (milk fever), fatty liver syndrome, laminitis and ketosis, may occur and impact welfare, productive lifespan and economic outcomes. Proteomics and metabolomics have emerged as valuable techniques to characterize proteins and metabolite assets from tissue and biological fluids, such as milk, blood and urine. In this review we provide an overview on metabolic status and physiological changes during the transition period and the related production diseases in dairy cows, and summarize the state of art on proteomics and metabolomics of biological fluids and tissues involved in metabolic stress during the peripartum period. We also provide a current and prospective view of the application of the recent achievements generated by omics for biomarker discovery and their potential in diagnosis. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE For high-yielding dairy cows there are several "occupational diseases" that occur mainly during the metabolic challenges related to the transition from pregnancy to lactation. Such diseases and their sequelae form a major concern for dairy production, and often lead to early culling of animals. Beside the economical perspective, metabolic stress may severely influence animal welfare. There is a multitude of studies about the metabolic backgrounds of such so called production diseases like ketosis, fatty liver, or hypocalcaemia, although the investigations aiming to assess the complexity of the pathophysiological reactions are largely focused on gene expression, i.e. transcriptomics. For extending the knowledge towards the proteome and the metabolome, the respective technologies are of increasing importance and can provide an overall view of how dairy cows react to metabolic stress, which is needed for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the related diseases. We herein review the current findings from studies applying proteomics and metabolomics to transition-related diseases, including fatty liver, ketosis, endometritis, hypocalcaemia and laminitis. For each disease, a brief overview of the up to date knowledge about its pathogenesis is provided, followed by an insight into the most recent achievements on the proteome and metabolome of tissues and biological fluids, such as blood serum and urine, highlighting potential biomarkers. We believe that this review would help readers to be become more familiar with the recent progresses of molecular background of transition-related diseases thus encouraging research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Cristina Lecchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Christiane Urh
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Basoglu A, Baspinar N, Tenori L, Vignoli A, Gulersoy E. Effects of Boron Supplementation on Peripartum Dairy Cows' Health. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:218-225. [PMID: 28229388 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0971-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although many different dietary studies on the prevention of negative energy balance related diseases are often encountered, this is the first study investigating the effects of boron supplementation on peripartum dairy cows' health in the light of an omics approach. Twenty-eight healthy cows (1 control and 3 experimental groups) were enrolled from 2 months before predicted calving until 2 months after calving. Experimental groups were assigned to receive boron at increasing doses as an oral bolus. Production parameters, biochemical profile, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance based metabolomics profile, and mRNA abundance of gluconeogenic enzymes and lipid oxidation genes were determined. Pivotal knowledge was obtained on boron distribution in the body. Production parameters and mRNA abundance of the genes were not affected by the treatments. Postpartum nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and triglyceride concentrations were significantly decreased in experimentals. The primary differences among groups were in lipid-soluble metabolites. There were significant differences in metabolites including postpartum valine, β-hydroxybutyrate, polyunsaturated fatty acid and citrate, propionate, isobutyrate, choline metabolites (betaine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin), and some types of fatty acids and cholesterol in experimentals. Boron appears to be effective in minimizing negative energy balance and improving health of postpartum dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Basoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Aleaddin Keykubat Campus, 42250, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Nuri Baspinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Aleaddin Keykubat Campus, 42250, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Consorzio Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Vignoli
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Erdem Gulersoy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Aleaddin Keykubat Campus, 42250, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
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The hepatic and skeletal muscle ovine metabolomes as affected by weight loss: a study in three sheep breeds using NMR-metabolomics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39120. [PMID: 27966615 PMCID: PMC5155430 DOI: 10.1038/srep39120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheep are a valuable resource for meat and wool production. During the dry summer, pastures are scarce and animals face Seasonal Weight Loss (SWL), which decreases production yields. The study of breeds tolerant to SWL is important to understand the physiological mechanisms of tolerance to nutritional scarcity, and define breeding strategies. Merino, Damara and Dorper sheep breeds have been described as having different levels of tolerance to SWL. In this work, we assess their liver and muscle metabolomes, and compare the responses to feed restriction. Ram lambs from each breed were divided into growth and feed restricted groups, over 42 days. Tissue metabolomes were assessed by 1H-NMR. The Dorper restricted group showed few changes in both tissues, suggesting higher tolerance to nutritional scarcity. The Merinos exhibited more differences between treatment groups. Major differences were related to fat and protein mobilization, and antioxidant activity. Between the Damara groups, the main differences were observed in amino acid composition in muscle and in energy-related pathways in the liver. Integration of present results and previous data on the same animals support the hypothesis that, Dorper and Damara breeds are more tolerant to SWL conditions and thus, more suitable breeds for harsh environmental conditions.
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Zheng J, Sun L, Shu S, Zhu K, Xu C, Wang J, Wang H. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based serum metabolic profiling of dairy cows with footrot. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1421-1428. [PMID: 27320815 PMCID: PMC5059369 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Footrot is a debilitating and contagious disease in dairy cows, caused by the
Gram-negative anaerobe Dichelobacter nodosus. 1H-NMR (nuclear
magnetic resonance)-based metabolomics has been previously used to understand the
pathology and etiology of several diseases. The objective of this study was to
characterize serum from dairy cows with footrot (n=10) using 1H-NMR-based
metabolomics and chemometric analyses. 1H-NMR spectroscopy with multivariate
pattern recognition (principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares
discriminant analysis) was performed to identify biomarkers in cows with footrot (F) and
healthy controls (C). 1H-NMR analysis facilitated the identification of 21
metabolites. Among these metabolites, 4 metabolites were higher and 17 metabolites were
lower in the F group than in the C group. The serum levels of 5 metabolites were
significantly different (P<0.05) between the two groups. The results
revealed that cows with footrot have altered carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid and energy
metabolic pathways. Metabolomic approaches are a clinically useful diagnostic tool for
understanding the biochemical alterations and mechanisms of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasan Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
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