Expression and Distribution of the Guanine Nucleotide-binding Protein Subunit Alpha-s in Mice Skin Tissues and Its Association with White and Black Coat Colors

Genetic Characteristic and RNA-Seq Analysis in Transparent Mutant of Carp-Goldfish Nucleocytoplasmic Hybrid

In teleost, pigment in the skin and scales played important roles in various biological processes. Iridophores, one of the main pigment cells in teleost, could produce silver pigments to reflect light. However, the specific mechanism of the formation of silver pigments is still unclear. In our previous study, some transparent mutant individuals were found in the carp-goldfish nucleocytoplasmic hybrid (CyCa hybrid) population. In the present study, using transparent mutants (TM) and wild type (WT) of the CyCa hybrid as a model, firstly, microscopic observations showed that the silver pigments and melanin were both lost in the scales of transparent mutants compared to that in wild types. Secondly, genetic study demonstrated that the transparent trait in the CyCa hybrid was recessively inherent, and controlled by an allele in line with Mendelism. Thirdly, RNA-Seq analysis showed that differential expression genes (DEGs) between wild type and transparent mutants were mainly enriched in the metabolism of guanine, such as hydrolase, guanyl nucleotide binding, guanyl ribonucleotide binding, and GTPase activity. Among the DEGs, purine nucleoside phosphorylase 4a (pnp4a) and endothelin receptor B (ednrb) were more highly expressed in the wild type compared to the transparent mutant (p < 0.05). Finally, miRNA-Seq analysis showed that miRNA-146a and miR-153b were both more highly expressed in the transparent mutant compared to that in wild type (p < 0.05). Interaction analysis between miRNAs and mRNAs indicated that miRNA-146a was associated with six DEGs (MGAT5B, MFAP4, GP2, htt, Sema6b, Obscn) that might be involved in silver pigmentation.