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Rodrigues RCM, Furtado DA, Ribeiro NL, de Sousa Silva R, da Costa Silva JAP, da Silva MR, Mascarenhas NMH, Cavalcanti CR, Ayres GDJ, Dornelas KC, Lima PR, de Figueiredo CFV. Blood biochemical, hormonal, and hematological responses of native sheep submitted to different environmental conditions. Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105067. [PMID: 37925818 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical, hormonal, and hematological blood responses of native sheep subjected to five temperatures (20°, 24°, 28°, 32°, and 36 °C), using 24 sheep of the following breeds: Santa Inês (SI), Morada Nova (MN), Soinga (SO) and no defined racial pattern (NDRP), kept in collective pens inside the climatic chamber. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme (5 temperatures and 4 breeds) with 6 animals of each breed at each temperature. There was interaction for urea (P < .0001), glucose (P < .0001), cholesterol (P < .0001), and magnesium (P < .0001) as a function of breed and air temperature. Urea (P = .001), glucose (P < .0001), triglycerides (P = .033), cholesterol (P = .004), and magnesium (P < .0001) showed differences according to breed. It was observed that T4 (P < .0001) and cortisol (P < .0001) showed an interaction between breed and temperature, while T4 (P = .001) and cortisol (P = .001) an effect of breed. The highest magnesium concentration was observed in MN, and the lowest was in NDRP, SO, and SI, which are statistically similar, and SI and NDRP are statistically similar. The hormones showed a significant effect (P < .0001) for temperature, where cortisol increased, and thyroid hormones decreased with increasing temperature. Temperatures of 32° and 36 °C contribute to changes in blood, hormone, and hematological biochemical responses of native sheep.
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Rakib MRH, Desha NH, Rahman MZ, Kabir MA, Yasmin F, Alam MA, Akther S, Sultana N. Environmental adaptability, morphometric features with reproductive and productive potentialities of indigenous sheep in Bangladesh. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9:649-662. [PMID: 36714521 PMCID: PMC9868798 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2022.i634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Indigenous sheep are highly adaptable and widely distributed in different regions of Bangladesh. They are famous for their tolerance to harsh environmental conditions, low demand for feed, and disease resistance with minimum or no housing and management facilities. Ample indiscriminate research reports and case studies on the native sheep of Bangladesh have been published. Nonetheless, a comprehensive review of reproductive and productive performances, as well as their various morphometric physiognomies and climate resilience capabilities, is lacking. This review was designed to explore and summarize the available research reports on indigenous sheep to highlight the gaps and provide an updated database for the future research plan for sustainable native sheep production in Bangladesh. It covers studies on sheep biodiversity, their adaptability to the local environment, morphometric features, feeding and nutrition, reproduction and production performances, diseases and health management, and the problems and prospects of sheep farming in Bangladesh. Due to the increased demand for animal protein, especially red meat, the scope of sheep farming increases along with that of other large and small ruminants. The vital constraints of sheep production in Bangladesh include insufficient feed and fodder supply with its high prices, higher disease occurrence with low or no management practices, kid mortality, and a poor marketing channel with the lower popularity of sheep meat than goat meat. Future research would be a prerequisite to measuring the impact of native sheep on household economies and food security during the year, evaluating the other challenges, and finding out the possible interventions in the fields of nutrition, reproduction, and health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rezaul Hai Rakib
- Training, Planning & Technology Testing Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,These two authors contributed equally
| | - Nure Hasni Desha
- Sheep Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh,These two authors contributed equally
| | - Md. Zillur Rahman
- Sheep Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ahsanul Kabir
- Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Farzana Yasmin
- Training, Planning & Technology Testing Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashadul Alam
- Sheep Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sonia Akther
- Sheep Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Sultana
- Training, Planning & Technology Testing Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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McManus CM, Lucci CM, Maranhão AQ, Pimentel D, Pimentel F, Rezende Paiva S. Response to heat stress for small ruminants: Physiological and genetic aspects. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Habibu B, Umaru Kawu M, Aluwong T, Joan Makun H. Neonatal thermoregulation and dynamics of serum thyroid hormones in tropical breeds of goat kids. J Therm Biol 2022; 108:103299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Major differences between single or twin hair lambs in the immediate postpartum period: Metabolic and thermodynamic patterns detected by infrared thermography. J Therm Biol 2022; 107:103258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Habibu B, Emmanuel M, Yahaya A, Baba A, Yaqub L, Buhari H, Dzenda T, Kawu M. Adaptive performance of hairy thin-tailed (Yankasa) and wooly fat-tailed (Ossimi) sheep in tropical hot-dry season. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lins JGG, Rodrigues SD, Albuquerque ACA, Marques AVMDS. Role of integrated crop-livestock system on amelioration of heat stress on crossbred Brazilian sheep in semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cloete SWP, Muller A, Steyn S, van der Merwe DA, Nel CL, Cloete S, Kruger ACM, Brand TS. The effect of tree shade on ambient conditions and heat stress indicator traits of new-born South African Mutton Merino and Dormer lambs: Preliminary results. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103024. [PMID: 34420653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This preliminary study investigated the provision of shade on heat stress indicators of South African Mutton Merino (SAMM) and Dormer lambs shortly after birth, during the autumn 2017 and 2018 lambing seasons. Newborn lambs were assessed to determine whether welfare, as assessed by respiratory response and rectal temperature as heat stress indicators, survival and early growth benefitted from the provision of shade. Groups consisting of 4-17 pregnant SAMM and Dormer ewes were randomly allocated to 5-10 paddocks with natural shade from trees and 5-9 paddocks that were directly in the sun with no shade available. The lambs were recorded within 24 h of birth at noon. Climate data were obtained from a nearby weather station. The lambs were also weighed at 12 (SD = 2) days of age at tail-docking. Tree shade had a moderating effect on temperature, resulting in lower maximum daytime and higher minimum night-time temperatures. There was an interaction between a temperature-humidity index (THI) and the treatments (access to shade or no access to shade) for respiration and rectal temperature (P < 0.01). Both traits were relatively unaffected by the THI at values below 77. Unshaded lambs exhibited a pronounced upwards trend following a THI-threshold of 77-78. Tailing weight tended to be higher while lamb survival of live-born lambs to tail-docking was lower in lambs born in shaded paddocks but these trends did not persist to weaning. Shade is needed to enhance animal welfare by alleviating the effect of high THI-values on hot days in an autumn lambing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schalk W P Cloete
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Directorate: Animal Sciences: Elsenburg, Department of Agriculture, Western Cape Government, Private Bag X1, Elsenburg, 7607, South Africa.
| | - Anieka Muller
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Shannon Steyn
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Daniël A van der Merwe
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Cornelius L Nel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | | | - Anna C M Kruger
- Directorate: Animal Sciences: Elsenburg, Department of Agriculture, Western Cape Government, Private Bag X1, Elsenburg, 7607, South Africa
| | - Tertius S Brand
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Directorate: Animal Sciences: Elsenburg, Department of Agriculture, Western Cape Government, Private Bag X1, Elsenburg, 7607, South Africa
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SOUTO PLG, BARBOSA EA, MARTINS E, MARTINS VMV, HATAMOTO-ZERVOUDAKIS LK, PIMENTEL CMM, RAMOS AF. Influence of season and external morphology on thermal comfort and physiological responses in bulls from two breeds adapted to a subtropical climate. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402122022021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Animals in subtropical regions can be exposed to periods of thermal stress. Locally adapted breeds are especially important in this context, but these have little information available in their natural environments. The aim of this study was to assess whether season affects thermal comfort and physiological responses to increased temperatures of two breeds of bulls in a subtropical climate. Four Angus and four Crioulo Lageano bulls were used in this study. Body and testicles measurements, skin pigmentation and thickness, hair number, length and pigmentation, respiratory rate, panting score, rectal temperature and haematological profile were recorded on three occasions in summer and winter, morning and afternoon. The surface temperature of the flank, eye and scrotum were obtained by infrared thermography. Hair coat colour was determined by CIELAB method. Thermal comfort indexes were calculated from meteorological data. Statistical analysis included analyses of variance, correlations and a partial least squares regression in determining which traits were the most important in thermal adaptability. External morphology of the bulls was important for explaining physiological changes in both seasons, but their contribution was greater in summer. Bulls experienced moderate heat stress in summer, which led to significant physiological responses, which were more pronounced in Angus bulls. The main differences in thermal adaptation found between breeds were the hair coat characteristics and respiratory rate. Despite using different mechanisms to cope with environmental challenges, all bulls were able to maintain optimal testicular thermoregulation as well as systemic normothermia throughout the seasons, showing good adaptation to the climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edison MARTINS
- Brazilian Association of Breeders of the Crioulo Lageano Breed, Brazil
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Heat stress effects on sheep: Are hair sheep more heat resistant? Theriogenology 2020; 155:157-167. [PMID: 32679441 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Climatic variables can trigger physiological, biochemical, haematological and hormonal alterations that influence the maintenance of homeothermy and can affect production and productivity in sheep. Different mechanisms are responsible for tolerance to heat stress (HS) including coat and skin colour, body size, fat distribution, physiological reactions and not just coat type (hair/wool). This review looks at physical, physiological, molecular and genetic aspects of heat tolerance in sheep and how they affect hair and wool sheep. We propose that it is the adaptation to hot environments and not the type of coat (wool/hair) itself that determines the capacity of the resistance of the animal to HS, due to modifications in essential pathways such as energy metabolism, physiological responses and body size. When studied in similar environments, commercial wool breeds tend to show higher heat stress, but hair breeds tend not to differ from wool breeds that are adapted to hot environments.
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Adaptation Mechanisms of Small Ruminants to Environmental Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9030075. [PMID: 30823364 PMCID: PMC6466405 DOI: 10.3390/ani9030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Heat stress is an intriguing factor that negatively influences livestock production and reproduction performance. Sheep and goat are among the livestock that can adapt to environmental heat stress via a combination of physiological, morphological, behavioral, and genetic bases. Sheep and goat are able to minimize adverse effect of high thermal stress by invoking behavioral responses such as feeding, water intake, shade seeking, and increased frequency of drinking. Their morphological mechanisms are comprised of body shape and size, light hair color, lightly pigmented skin, and less subcutaneous fat, and the physiological means are that of increased respiration rate (RR), increased sweating rate (SW), reduced metabolic rate, and change in endocrine function. Adaptation in terms of genetics is the heritable trait of animal characteristics which favor the survival of populations. For instance, genes like heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) and ENOX2 are commonly expressed proteins which protect animals against heat stress. Abstract Small ruminants are the critical source of livelihood for rural people to the development of sustainable and environmentally sound production systems. They provided a source of meat, milk, skin, and fiber. The several contributions of small ruminants to the economy of millions of rural people are however being challenged by extreme heat stress difficulties. Heat stress is one of the most detrimental factors contributing to reduced growth, production, reproduction performance, milk quantity and quality, as well as natural immunity, making animals more vulnerable to diseases and even death. However, small ruminants have successfully adapted to this extreme environment and possess some unique adaptive traits due to behavioral, morphological, physiological, and largely genetic bases. This review paper, therefore, aims to provide an integrative explanation of small ruminant adaptation to heat stress and address some responsible candidate genes in adapting to thermal-stressed environments.
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Amorim ST, Kluska S, Berton MP, de Lemos MVA, Peripolli E, Stafuzza NB, Martin JF, Álvarez MS, Gaviña BV, Toro MA, Banchero G, Oliveira PS, Grigoletto L, Eler JP, Baldi F, Ferraz JBS. Genomic study for maternal related traits in Santa Inês sheep breed. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Hong H, Lee E, Lee IH, Lee SR. Effects of transport stress on physiological responses and milk production in lactating dairy cows. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 32:442-451. [PMID: 30145870 PMCID: PMC6409474 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effect of transport stress on physiological and hematological responses and milk performance in lactating dairy cows. Methods Ten lactating dairy cows were randomly divided into 2 groups. The treatment group (TG) was transported 200 km for 4 h by truck, and the control group (NTG) was restrained by stanchion for 4 h in Konkuk University farm. Blood and milk samples were collected at 24 h pre-transport; 1, 2, and 4 h during transport; and 2, 24, and 48 h post-transport. Milk yields were measured at 24 h pre-transport, 0 h during transport, and 24, 48, and 72 h post-transport. Results Leukocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte numbers in the TG were significantly higher than those of the NTG at each experimental time point. Lymphocyte numbers in the TG were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the NTG at 48 h post-transport. Additionally, the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio of the TG was 45% and 46% higher than that of the NTG at 4 h during transport and 2 h post-transport, respectively. There were no significant differences in erythrocyte numbers, hemoglobin concentrations, platelet numbers, and hematocrit percentages between two groups. Cortisol levels in the TG were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the NTG. Milk yields in the TG were lower than those in the NTG. The somatic cell count (SCC) of the TG was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the NTG at 1 and 2 h during transport; that of the TG increased dramatically at 1 h during transport and gradually decreased subsequently. Conclusion Transport stress increased blood parameters including leucocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte numbers by increased cortisol levels, but did not affect erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Additionally, transport resulted in a decrease in milk yield and reduced milk quality owing to an increase in milk SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeok Hong
- Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Eunchae Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - In Hyung Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sang-Rak Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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