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Liu R, Shen Y, Ma H, Li Y, Lambo MT, Dai B, Shen W, Qu Y, Zhang Y. Silibinin reduces in vitro methane production by regulating the rumen microbiome and metabolites. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1225643. [PMID: 37680535 PMCID: PMC10481870 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study used Silibinin as an additive to conduct fermentation experiments, wherein its effects on rumen gas production, fermentation, metabolites, and microbiome were analyzed in vitro. The silibinin inclusion level were 0 g/L (control group), 0.075 g/L, 0.15 g/L, 0.30 g/L, and 0.60 g/L (experimental group). Fermentation parameters, total gas production, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), and their percentages were determined. Further analysis of the rumen microbiome's relative abundance and α/β diversity was performed on the Illumina NovaSeq sequencing platform. Qualitative and quantitative metabolomics analyses were performed to analyze the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways based on non-targeted metabolomics. The result indicated that with an increasing dose of silibinin, there was a linear reduction in total gas production, CO2, CH4, H2 and their respective percentages, and the acetic acid to propionic acid ratio. Concurrent with a linear increase in pH, when silibinin was added at 0.15 g/L and above, the total volatile fatty acid concentration decreased, the acetic acid molar ratio decreased, the propionic acid molar ratio increased, and dry matter digestibility decreased. At the same time, the relative abundance of Prevotella, Isotricha, Ophryoscolex, unclassified_Rotifera, Methanosphaera, Orpinomyces, and Neocallimastix in the rumen decreased after adding 0.60 g/L of silibinin. Simultaneously, the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum, NK4A214_group, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, and unclassified_Lachnospiraceae increased, altering the rumen species composition, community, and structure. Furthermore, it upregulated the ruminal metabolites, such as 2-Phenylacetamide, Phlorizin, Dalspinin, N6-(1,2-Dicarboxyethyl)-AMP, 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydromethanopterin, Flavin mononucleotide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (FMNH), Pyridoxine 5'-phosphate, Silibinin, and Beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphate, affecting phenylalanine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and folate biosynthesis pathways. In summary, adding silibinin can alter the rumen fermentation parameters and mitigate enteric methane production by regulating rumen microbiota and metabolites, which is important for developing novel rumen methane inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yueyu Shen
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Haokai Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Modinat Tolani Lambo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Baisheng Dai
- College of Electrical Engineering and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Weizheng Shen
- College of Electrical Engineering and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongli Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Cui X, Wang Z, Guo P, Li F, Chang S, Yan T, Zheng H, Hou F. Shift of Feeding Strategies from Grazing to Different Forage Feeds Reshapes the Rumen Microbiota To Improve the Ability of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) To Adapt to the Cold Season. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0281622. [PMID: 36809032 PMCID: PMC10100778 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02816-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of ruminant-rumen microbiome symbiosis associated with feeding strategies in the cold season were examined. Twelve pure-grazing adult Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) (18 months old; body weight, 40 ± 0.23 kg) were transferred from natural pasture to two indoor feedlots and fed either a native-pasture diet (NPF group) or an oat hay diet (OHF group) (n = 6 per treatment), and then the flexibility of rumen microbiomes to adapt to these compositionally different feeding strategies was examined. Principal-coordinate analysis and similarity analysis indicated that the rumen bacterial composition correlated with altered feeding strategies. Microbial diversity was higher in the grazing group than in those fed with native pasture and an oat hay diet (P < 0.05). The dominant microbial phyla were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and the core bacterial taxa comprised mostly (42.49% of shared operational taxonomic units [OTUs]) Ruminococcaceae (408 taxa), Lachnospiraceae (333 taxa), and Prevotellaceae (195 taxa), which were relatively stable across different treatments. Greater relative abundances of Tenericutes at the phylum level, Pseudomonadales at the order level, Mollicutes at the class level, and Pseudomonas at the genus level were observed in a grazing period than in the other two treatments (NPF and OHF) (P < 0.05). In the OHF group, due to the high nutritional quality of the forage, Tibetan sheep can produce high concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and NH3-N by increasing the relative abundances of key bacteria in the rumen, such as Lentisphaerae, Negativicutes, Selenomonadales, Veillonellaceae, Ruminococcus 2, Quinella, Bacteroidales RF16 group, and Prevotella 1, to aid in nutrients degradation and energy utilization. The levels of beneficial bacteria were increased by the oat hay diet; these microbiotas are likely to help improve and maintain host health and metabolic ability in Tibetan sheep to adapt to cold environments. The rumen fermentation parameters were significantly influenced by feeding strategy in the cold season (P < 0.05). Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the strong effect of feeding strategies on the rumen microbiota of Tibetan sheep, which provided a new idea for the nutrition regulation of Tibetan sheep grazing in the cold season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. IMPORTANCE During the cold season, like other high-altitude mammals, Tibetan sheep have to adapt their physiological and nutritional strategies, as well as the structure and function of their rumen microbial community, to the seasonal variation of lower food availability and quality. This study focused on the changes and adaptability in the rumen microbiota of Tibetan sheep when they adapted from grazing to a high-efficiency feeding strategy during the cold season by analyzing the rumen microbiota of Tibetan sheep raised under the different management systems, and it shows the linkages among the rumen core and pan-bacteriomes, nutrient utilization, and rumen short-chain fatty acids. The findings from this study suggest that the feeding strategies potentially contribute to variations in the pan-rumen bacteriome, together with the core bacteriome. Fundamental knowledge on the rumen microbiomes and their roles in nutrient utilization furthers our understanding of how rumen microbial adaptation to harsh environments may function in hosts. The facts obtained from the present trial clarified the possible mechanisms of the positive effects of feeding strategy on nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongxiong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Penghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fuhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shenghua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianhai Yan
- Livestock Production Science Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, County Down, United Kingdom
| | - Huiru Zheng
- School of Computing, University of Ulster, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Orzuna-Orzuna JF, Dorantes-Iturbide G, Lara-Bueno A, Chay-Canul AJ, Miranda-Romero LA, Mendoza-Martínez GD. Meta-analysis of flavonoids use into beef and dairy cattle diet: Performance, antioxidant status, ruminal fermentation, meat quality, and milk composition. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1134925. [PMID: 36876000 PMCID: PMC9975267 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1134925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with flavonoids (FLAs) on animal performance, diet digestibility, antioxidant status in blood serum, rumen parameters, meat quality, and milk composition in beef and dairy cattle through a meta-analysis. Thirty-six peer-reviewed publications were included in the data set. The weighted mean differences (WMD) between the FLAs treatments and the control treatment were used to assess the effect size. Dietary supplementation with FLAs decreased feed conversion ratio (WMD = -0.340 kg/kg; p = 0.050) and increased (p < 0.05) dry matter intake (WMD = 0.191 kg/d), dry matter digestibility (WMD = 15.283 g/kg of DM), and daily weight gain (WMD = 0.061 kg/d). In blood serum, FLAs supplementation decreased the serum concentration of malondialdehyde (WMD = -0.779 nmol/mL; p < 0.001) and increased (p < 0.01) the serum concentration of superoxide dismutase (WMD = 8.516 U/mL), glutathione peroxidase (WMD = 12.400 U/mL) and total antioxidant capacity (WMD = 0.771 U/mL). A higher ruminal propionate concentration (WMD = 0.926 mol/100 mol; p = 008) was observed in response to FLAs supplementation. In meat, the dietary inclusion of FLAs decreased (p < 0.05) shear force (WMD = -1.018 kgf/cm2), malondialdehyde content (WMD = -0.080 mg/kg of meat), and yellowness (WMD = -0.460). Supplementation with FLAs decreased milk somatic cell count (WMD = -0.251 × 103 cells/mL; p < 0.001) and increased (p < 0.01) milk production (WMD = 1.348 kg/d), milk protein content (WMD = 0.080/100 g) and milk fat content (WMD = 0.142/100 g). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with FLAs improves animal performance and nutrient digestibility in cattle. In addition, FLAs improve the antioxidant status in blood serum and the quality of meat and milk.
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Zhang H, Lang X, Zhang Y, Wang C. Distribution of bacteria in different regions of the small intestine with Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil supplement in small-tailed Han sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1062077. [PMID: 36619991 PMCID: PMC9816147 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1062077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil (EOZB) as an extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has a range of pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. However, there were no relevant studies on the regulation of gut microbes by EOZB in ruminants. In this study, the effects of different doses of EOZB on the structure and distribution of microorganisms in the small intestine of small-tailed Han sheep (STH) were investigated by 16s rRNA gene sequencing technique. We found that with the intervention of EOZB. The differential bacteria of duodenal at the phylum level were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes and Proteobacteria, and genus level differential bacteria were Prevotella 1, Ruminococcus 2 and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group. The differential bacteria of jejunal at the phylum level were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes and Proteobacteria, and genus level differential bacteria were Prevotella 1, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Saccharofermentans, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group and Prevotellaceae UCG-001. The differential bacteria of ileal at the phylum level were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes, and genus level differential bacteria were Prevotella 1, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Romboutsia and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014. In addition, at the same dose of EOZB, the five most abundant genera of bacteria varied in different regions of the small intestine. Among them, the abundance of Prevotella 1, Christensenellacea R-7 group and Ruminococcus 2 in ALW group was the highest in jejunum, duodenum and ileum, respectively. The abundance of Prevotella 1, Christensenellacea R-7 group and Rikenellacea RC9 gut group in BLW group was the highest in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, respectively. The abundance of Prevotella 1, Christensenellacea R-7 group and Ruminococcaeae NK4A214 group in CLW group was the highest in jejunum, duodenum and ileum, respectively. The abundance of Prevotella 1, Ruminococcus 2 and Ruminococcus NK4A214 groups in DLW group was the highest in jejunum, duodenum and ileum, respectively. Differential bacteria formed under the regulation of EOZB are associated with the digestion and absorption of nutrients and the state of intestinal health in the host. This study is the first to investigate the effect of EOZB on the distribution and structure of bacteria in the small intestine of STH. The results of the study enriched the structure and distribution of bacteria in the small intestine of ruminants and provided new insights into the future application of herbal medicine in ruminant production. Additionally, it provides a theoretical basis for the selection of probiotic bacteria for ruminants and the development and application of microecological preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine and Ovine Germplasm and Straw Transfer into Feedstuff in Gansu Province, Institute of Livestock, Grass and Green Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China,College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xia Lang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine and Ovine Germplasm and Straw Transfer into Feedstuff in Gansu Province, Institute of Livestock, Grass and Green Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cailian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine and Ovine Germplasm and Straw Transfer into Feedstuff in Gansu Province, Institute of Livestock, Grass and Green Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Cailian Wang,
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Khas E, Ao C, Bai C. Effects of Allium mongolicum Regel ethanol extract on three flavor-related rumen branched-chain fatty acids, rumen fermentation and rumen bacteria in lambs. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:978057. [PMID: 36187944 PMCID: PMC9520700 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.978057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Allium mongolicum Regel ethanol extract (AME) on the concentration of three branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) related to flavor, fermentation parameters and the bacteria and their correlations in the rumen of lambs. A total of thirty 3-month-old male, Small-tailed Han sheep (33.60 ± 1.23 kg) were randomly distributed into 2 groups as follows: control group (CON) was fed a basal diet and AME group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 2.8 g⋅lamb–1⋅d–1A. mongolicum Regel ethanol extract. AME supplementation decreased (P = 0.022) 4-methyloctanoic acid (MOA) content and tended to lower (P = 0.055) 4-methylnonanoic acid (MNA) content in the rumen. Compared to CON group, the ruminal concentrations of valerate and isovalerate were higher (P = 0.046 and P = 0.024, respectively), and propionate was lower (P = 0.020) in the AME group. At the phylum level, the AME group had a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes (P = 0.014) and a higher abundance of Firmicutes (P = 0.020) than the CON group. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Prevotella (P = 0.001), Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (P = 0.003), Succiniclasticum (P = 0.004), and Selenomonas (P = 0.001) were significantly lower in the AME group than in the CON group, while the relative abundances of Ruminococcus (P < 0.001), Quinella (P = 0.013), and Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group (P = 0.001) were significantly higher. The relative abundances of Prevotella (P = 0.029, R = 0.685; P = 0.009, R = 0.770), Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (P = 0.019, R = 0.721; P = 0.029, R = 0.685), and Succiniclasticum (P = 0.002, R = 0.842; P = 0.001, R = 0.879) was positively correlated with MOA and MNA levels, and the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group (P = 0.033, R = −0.673) was negatively correlated with MOA. The relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group (P = 0.014, R = −0.744) and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 (P = 0.023, R = −0.706) correlated negatively with the EOA content. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the AME affected the concentration of BCFAs, fermentation parameters and the rumen bacteria in the rumen of lambs.
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Zhao C, Liu L, Gao L, Bai L. A comprehensive comparison of fecal microbiota in three ecological bird groups of raptors, waders, and waterfowl. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:919111. [PMID: 36003944 PMCID: PMC9393522 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.919111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a vital role in maintaining the health and immunity of wild birds. However, less is known about the comparison of fecal microbiota between different ecological groups of wild birds, particularly in the Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China, an important transit point for birds migrating all over the East Asia-Australian and Central Asian flyways. In this study, we characterized the fecal microbiota and potential microbial function in nine bird species of raptors, waders, and waterfowl using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to reveal the microbiota differences and interaction patterns. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in α-diversity, but a significant difference in β-diversity between the three groups of birds. The fecal bacterial microbiota was dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes in all groups of birds. Furthermore, we identified five bacterial genera that were significantly higher in raptors, five genera that were significantly higher in waders, and two genera that were more abundant in waterfowl. The bacterial co-occurrence network results revealed 15 and 26 key genera in raptors and waterfowls, respectively. The microbial network in waterfowl exhibited a stronger correlation pattern than that in raptors. PICRUSt2 predictions indicated that fecal bacterial function was significantly enriched in the antibiotic biosynthesis pathway in all three groups. Metabolic pathways related to cell motility (bacterial chemotaxis and flagellar assembly) were significantly more abundant in raptors than in waders, whereas waders were enriched in lipid metabolism (synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies and fatty acid biosynthesis). The fecal microbiota in waterfowl harbored more abundant vitamin B6 metabolism, RNA polymerase, and tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. This comparative study revealed the microbial community structure, microbial co-occurrence patterns, and potential functions, providing a better understanding of the ecology and conservation of wild birds. Future studies may focus on unraveling metagenomic functions and dynamics along with the migration routine or different seasons by metagenomics or metatranscriptomics.
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Liu L, Du C, Liu Y, Gao L. Comparative Analysis of the Fecal Microbiota of Relict Gull ( Larus relictus) in Mu Us Desert (Hao Tongcha Nur) and Bojiang Haizi in Inner Mongolia, China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:860540. [PMID: 35464369 PMCID: PMC9018992 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.860540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota contributes to host health by improving digestive efficiency and maintaining homeostasis. The relict gull (Larus relictus), a national first-class protected bird in China, is listed as vulnerable in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. Here, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to characterize and compare the community composition and diversity of the gut microbiota sampled from relict gulls in two breeding sites. In total, 418 operational taxonomic units (OUTs) were obtained and classified into 15 phyla and 228 genera. Alpha diversity analysis revealed no significant differences in community diversity among the two breeding sites. Beta diversity analyses showed that the microbial communities at the two sites were different. Six dominant phyla and fourteen dominant genera were identified. The most abundant bacterial genera had a significant relationship with the diet and living environment, and some bacterial genera were found to adapt to the plateau environment in which relict gulls live, which enables the relict gulls to use local resources effectively to accumulate energy. Simultaneously, a variety of highly abundant pathogenic bacteria were found, suggesting that these gulls may spread diseases among the local gull population. Certain measures should be taken to protect this species and to prevent the spread of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Gao
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou, China
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Wang Q, Zeng X, Zeng Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang X, Li J, Wang Y, Feng Z, Huang P, Yin J, Huang J, Zhu M, Yang H. Effects of Phragmites australis Shoot Remainder Silage on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical Parameters, and Rumen Microbiota of Beef Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:778654. [PMID: 35274018 PMCID: PMC8902168 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.778654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of replacing corn silage with Phragmites australis shoot remainder (PSR) silage on intake, growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and rumen microbial diversity of growing-finishing beef. Fifteen Angus beef cattle with an average body weight of 253 ± 2.94 kg were randomly divided into three groups (five replicas vs. each group vs. Angus beef cattle). The three treatments were group A fed 60% PSR silage + 40% concentrate, group B fed 30% PSR silage + 30% corn silage + 40% concentrate, and group C fed 60% corn silage + 40% concentrate. The adaptation period was 15 days, and the trial period lasted for 45 days. Results showed that the ADG was significantly higher, and FCR was significantly lower both in groups A and B compared with group C. The results of serum biochemical parameters showed that the concentration of GLU was significantly lower in group B than both groups A and C. Microbial diversity results showed that the OTUs, Shannon, Chao1, and ACE indices were significantly lower in group A compared with groups B and C. At the phyla level, the relative abundances of Tenericutes and Melainabacteria had significant differences among the three groups, and the relative abundances of Papillibacter, Anaeroplasma, and Anaerovorax had significant differences among the three groups at the genus level. Additionally, Rikenellaceae was the unique biomarker among the three groups. Furthermore, the results of function prediction showed that the gene families associated with metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, cellular processes and signaling, metabolism, biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, infectious diseases, signaling molecules and interaction, nervous system, and digestive system were significantly decreased, while lipid metabolism was dramatically increased from groups A to C at KEGG level 2. At KEGG level 3, 11 metabolic pathways were significantly influenced among the three groups. In summary, these findings indicated that PSR silage substituted the corn silage totally or partially improved the growth performance, and altered the rumen microbial composition and diversity and the corresponding change in prediction function of rumen bacteria in Angus beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiye Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xianglin Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yutong Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoruowei Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yancan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqiang Wang
- Key Lab of Non-wood Forest Nurturing and Protection of National Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Feng
- Key Lab of Non-wood Forest Nurturing and Protection of National Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients From Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Mingzhi Zhu
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Huansheng Yang
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Gao L, Liu L, Du C, Hou Q. Comparative Analysis of Fecal Bacterial Microbiota of Six Bird Species. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:791287. [PMID: 34957285 PMCID: PMC8692710 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.791287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota contributes to host health by maintaining homeostasis and improving digestive efficiency. Therefore, identifying gut microbes will shed light on the annual life cycle of animals and in particular those that are threatened or endangered. Nonetheless, the gut microbial composition of the majority of bird species is still unknown. Here, for the first time, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize and compare the community composition and diversity of gut microbiotas from six species of birds raised at the Wildlife Conservation Center in Baotou, China: relict gull (Larus relictus; n = 3), muscovy duck (Cairina moschata; n = 3), ruddy shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea; n = 3), demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo; n = 4), whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus; n = 3), and black swan (Cygnus atratus; n = 5). A total of 26,616 operational taxonomic units from 21 samples were classified into 32 phyla and 507 genera. Chao1, Shannon diversity, observed species, and Simpson index analysis revealed differences in the community richness and diversity between the different species. Proteobacteria was the dominant bacterial phylum in whooper swan and relict gull, whereas Firmicutes was the dominant bacterial phylum in the other species. At the genus level, 11 dominant genera were detected (Lactobacillus, Psychrobacter, Enterococcus, Carnobacterium, Weissella, Burkholderia, Escherichia/Shigella, Leuconostoc, Buttiauxella, Desemzia, and Staphylococcus). Principal component and cluster analyses revealed that, while the microbial community composition of different individuals of the same species clustered together, the gut microbial composition varied between the bird species. Furthermore, the most abundant bacterial species differed between bird species. Because many avian gut microbes are derived from the diet, the eating habits and natural living environment of birds may be important contributing factors to the observed differences. Short-term changes to the diet and living environment have little effect on the composition of the avian gut microbiota. This study provides a theoretical basis for bird protection, including disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou, China
| | - Chao Du
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou, China
| | - Qiangchuan Hou
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Ingredients, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
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10
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Huang H, Szumacher-Strabel M, Patra AK, Ślusarczyk S, Lechniak D, Vazirigohar M, Varadyova Z, Kozłowska M, Cieślak A. Chemical and phytochemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production, and nutrient degradability of fresh and ensiled Paulownia hybrid leaves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Microbial Dynamics and In Vitro Degradation of Plant Secondary Metabolites in Hanwoo Steer Rumen Fluids. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082350. [PMID: 34438807 PMCID: PMC8388715 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolite (PSM) degradations and feed breakdown into small particles may occur primarily in the rumen. It is possible to predict the rate and extent of feed disappearance in the rumen during incubation by different in vitro techniques, which differ based on the PSM structures, including phenolics, and flavonoids. However, PSM degradation and conversion efficiency in the rumen remains unclear. This study's objective was to evaluate the in vitro degradation of a group of PSMs in the rumen fluid, collected from Hanwoo steer samples. PSMs including rutin, vitexin, myricetin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, luteolin, propyl gallate, and kaempferol were used in their pure forms at 1mg/250 mL in a rumen fluid buffer system. The mixture of selected PSMs and buffer was incubated at 39 °C for 12-72 h, and samples were collected every 12 h and analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) to determine the biotransformation of the polyphenolics. The results revealed that the luteolin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, rutin, myricetin, vitexin, kaempferol, and quercetin were decreased after 12 h of incubation in the rumen fluid (p ≤ 0.05) and were more than 70% decreased at 72 h. In contrast, the propyl gallate concentrations were not significantly changed after 24 h of incubation in rumen fluid compared to other metabolites. Finally, microbial dynamics study showed that the Firmicutes, Bacterodetes, Actinobacteria, and Syngergistetes were the dominant phyla found in rumen fluids. The data suggest that most polyphenolic compounds may degrade or reform new complex structures in the rumen.
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12
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Jiang C, Ding L, Dong Q, Wang X, Wei H, Hu C, Ma C, Yan Q, Zhou Y, Degen AA. Effects of root extracts of three traditional Chinese herbs as dietary supplements on dry matter intake, average daily gain, rumen fermentation and ruminal microbiota in early weaned yak calves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Kozłowska M, Cieślak A, Jóźwik A, El-Sherbiny M, Gogulski M, Lechniak D, Gao M, Yanza YR, Vazirigohar M, Szumacher-Strabel M. Effects of partially replacing grass silage by lucerne silage cultivars in a high-forage diet on ruminal fermentation, methane production, and fatty acid composition in the rumen and milk of dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Hassan F, Tang Z, Ebeid HM, Li M, Peng K, Liang X, Yang C. Consequences of herbal mixture supplementation on milk performance, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial diversity in water buffaloes. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11241. [PMID: 34040891 PMCID: PMC8127954 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the potential of a herbal mixture (HM) to improve production performance, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid profile in water buffaloes. Sixteen Murrah buffaloes (in four groups) were fed for 10 weeks with the same basal diet supplemented with 0 (control); 20 (HM20), 30 (HM30), and 40 (HM40) g/buffalo per day. The herbal mixture contained an equal quantity of black pepper (fruit), ginger (tubers), cinnamon (bark), peppermint (leaves), ajwain (seeds) and garlic (bulbs). After two weeks of adaptation, daily milk yield, and weekly milk composition were recorded. On the last day of the experiment, rumen contents were collected to determine rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial diversity through 16S rRNA sequencing. Results revealed no effect of treatment on dry matter intake (DMI), rumen fermentation parameters, and daily milk yield. However, milk fat (%) showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.07) in HM20 as compared with the control group. A significant increase in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6 and C18:3) whereas a decrease in saturated fatty acids (C18:0) in milk was observed in HM20 as compared with the control group. No significant change in bacterial diversity parameters (alpha and beta diversity) was observed in response to the treatment. Despite the substantial variation observed in the relative abundance of bacteria among treatment groups, no significant effect of treatment was observed when compared with the control group. Correlation analysis revealed several positive and negative correlations of rumen bacteria with rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and milk yield traits. Bacterial genera including Succinivibrionaceae, Butyrivibrio, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Lachnospiraceae showed a positive correlation with VFA and milk yield traits. Overall, we observed 52 positive and 10 negative correlations of rumen bacteria with milk fatty acid contents. Our study revealed the potential of the herbal mixture at a lower supplemental level (20 g/day) to increase milk fat (%) and unsaturated fatty acid content in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China.,Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Univeresity of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China
| | - Hossam M Ebeid
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China
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15
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Effect of xylanase and xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance and faecal bacterial community composition in growing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Ramos SC, Jeong CD, Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim ET, Cho YI, Lee SS, Lee SS. Diet Transition from High-Forage to High-Concentrate Alters Rumen Bacterial Community Composition, Epithelial Transcriptomes and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:838. [PMID: 33809588 PMCID: PMC8002347 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of changing diet on rumen fermentation parameters, bacterial community composition, and transcriptome profiles were determined in three rumen-cannulated Holstein Friesian cows using a 3 × 4 cross-over design. Treatments include HF-1 (first high-forage diet), HC-1 (first high-concentrate diet), HC-2 (succeeding high-concentrate diet), and HF-2 (second high-forage diet as a recovery period). Animal diets contained Klein grass and concentrate at ratios of 8:2, 2:8, 2:8, and 8:2 (two weeks each), respectively. Ammonia-nitrogen and individual and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were increased significantly during HC-1 and HC-2. Rumen species richness significantly increased for HF-1 and HF-2. Bacteroidetes were dominant for all treatments, while phylum Firmicutes significantly increased during the HC period. Prevotella, Erysipelothrix, and Galbibacter significantly differed between HF and HC diet periods. Ruminococcus abundance was lower during HF feeding and tended to increase during successive HC feeding periods. Prevotellaruminicola was the predominant species for all diets. The RNA sequence analysis revealed the keratin gene as differentially expressed during the HF diet, while carbonic-anhydrase I and S100 calcium-binding protein were expressed in the HC diet. Most of these genes were highly expressed for HC-1 and HC-2. These results suggested that ruminal bacterial community composition, transcriptome profile, and rumen fermentation characteristics were altered by the diet transitions in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny C. Ramos
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Chang Dae Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Lovelia L. Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Seung Ha Kang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea;
| | - Yong Il Cho
- Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
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17
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Krause TR, Lourenco JM, Welch CB, Rothrock MJ, Callaway TR, Pringle TD. The relationship between the rumen microbiome and carcass merit in Angus steers. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa287. [PMID: 32877916 PMCID: PMC7526868 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the relationships between ruminal microbial populations from Angus steers that were divergent in carcass traits related to adipose accumulation. Twenty-four feedlot-finished Angus steers (age: 538 ± 21 d; body weight following lairage: 593.9 ± 43.7 kg) were slaughtered, and ruminal contents and carcass data were collected. Ruminal microbial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing were performed to determine microbial relative abundances, to estimate microbial diversity, and to predict microbial metabolic pathways. A variety of correlation analyses and one-way ANOVA were performed to investigate the relationships between the rumen microbiome and carcass traits. Marbling score (P = 0.001) and longissimus lipid content (P = 0.009) were positively correlated to Chao1 Richness Index, suggesting that increased intramuscular fat was associated with increased numbers of ruminal microbial species. The phyla Tenericutes and TM7 were negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) to marbling score and longissimus lipid content, indicating that lower abundances of these phyla may be associated with improvements in intramuscular fat content. Greater abundance of the bacterial family S24-7 was positively correlated (P = 0.002) to marbling score. Analysis by marbling classification revealed further linkages to microbial richness (P ≤ 0.063), diversity (P = 0.044), and S24-7 (P < 0.001) populations. Computational prediction of the microbial metabolic pathways revealed no differences (P ≥ 0.05) in metabolic pathway expression in rumen microbes between steers in the high- and low-marbling classes. Several phyla, families, and genera were positively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) to both rib fat thickness and yield grade. Collectively, our results suggest that microbial composition is associated to differing performance in carcass adipose traits. Overall, most of the bacterial taxa correlated to the intramuscular and subcutaneous fat depots did not overlap, suggesting the microbial population end products likely impacted adipose accumulation largely via separate adipogenic pathways of the host animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Krause
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | | | - Christina B Welch
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA
| | - Todd R Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - T Dean Pringle
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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18
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Hassan FU, Ebeid HM, Tang Z, Li M, Peng L, Peng K, Liang X, Yang C. A Mixed Phytogenic Modulates the Rumen Bacteria Composition and Milk Fatty Acid Profile of Water Buffaloes. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:569. [PMID: 33005643 PMCID: PMC7479126 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of a mixed phytogenic (MP) on rumen bacteria and their potential association with rumen fermentation and milk yield parameters in water buffaloes. Twenty Murrah buffaloes were fed a basal diet (consisting of maize silage, brewers' grains, and concentrate mixture) for 6 weeks supplemented with 0 (control), 15 (MP15), 25 (MP25), and 35 (MP35) g of mixed phytogenic/buffalo per d. The mixed phytogenic contained fennel (seeds), ajwain (seeds), ginger (tubers), Swertia chirata (leaves), Citrullus colocynthis (fruit), turmeric, fenugreek (seeds), Terminalia chebula (fruit), licorice (roots), and Phyllanthus emblica (fruit) in equal quantities. After 2 weeks of adaptation, daily milk yield, and weekly milk composition were recorded. On the last day of the experiment (d 42), rumen contents were collected to determine rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial diversity through 16S rRNA sequencing. Results revealed no change in dry matter intake, milk yield and rumen fermentation parameters except pH, which increased (P = 0.029) in response to MP supplementation. The mixed phytogenic increased (P < 0.01) milk fatty acids (C4 to C14:0) in MP15 only. The milk C16:1 content and its unsaturation index were higher (P < 0.05) in MP35 as compared to the control and other treatments. Furthermore, C18:3n3 was higher (P < 0.05) in the control, MP15, and MP25, as compared to MP35. Supplementation of MP tended to increase (P = 0.095) the Shannon index of bacterial alpha diversity and a difference (P < 0.05) among treatment groups was observed in beta diversity. Feeding MP increased the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetes but decreased Bacteroidetes numerically. In addition, the dominant genus Prevotella decreased in all treatment groups while Pseudobutyrivibrio, Butyrivibrio, and Succinivibrioanceae increased numerically in MP25 and MP35. The mixed phytogenic promoted groups of rumen bacteria positively associated with milk and fat yield. Overall, our study revealed 14 positive correlations of rumen bacteria with milk yield and eight with rumen fermentation parameters. Our findings reveal substantial changes in the rumen bacteriome composition and milk fatty acid content in response to MP but these results should be interpreted carefully, as the sample size of our study was relatively small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hossam M Ebeid
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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19
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Abd El Tawab AM, Khattab MSA, Hadhoud FI, Shaaban MM. Effect of mixture of herbal plants on ruminal fermentation, degradability and gas production. ACTA SCIENTIARUM: ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 43:e48549. [DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.48549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing livestock negative environmental impacts get great interest in last years. So, present study was carried out to determine the effect of adding different levels of mixture of thyme and celery versus salinomycin on ruminal fermentation, gas production, dry, organic matter and fiber degradation. Four experimental treatments were used by in-vitro batch culture technique, as follow: 60% CFM, 40% clover hay (control), control diet + 2.5 gm thyme + 2.5 gm celery kg-1 DM (T1), control diet + 5 gm thyme + 5 gm celery kg-1 DM (T2), control diet + 10 gm thyme + 10 gm celery kg-1 DM (T3), control diet + 0.4 gm Salinomycin kg-1 DM (T4). Ruminal pH value was significantly increased (p < 0.05) with T4 compared with other treatments. While, the T4 recorded the lowest value (p < 0.05) for microbial protein, short chain fatty acids concentrations (SCFA), total gas production, dry matter and organic matter degradability (DMd and OMd) compared with other treatments. Fiber fraction degradability (NDFd and ADFd) appeared no significant variance (p > 0.05) between control and other treatments except for T1 that recorded the lowest value (p < 0.05). It is concluded that mixture of thyme plus celery could be alternate for ionophores in the ruminant diets to enhance ruminal fermentation, reducing gas production without any negative effect on nutrients degradability.
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20
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Kozłowska M, Cieślak A, Jóźwik A, El-Sherbiny M, Stochmal A, Oleszek W, Kowalczyk M, Filipiak W, Szumacher-Strabel M. The effect of total and individual alfalfa saponins on rumen methane production. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1922-1930. [PMID: 31846083 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ten varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were evaluated for saponin content. Two of the most promising varieties were chosen so that their effect on rumen fermentation and methane production could be studied. Initially, four Hohenheim gas tests (HGT) were performed to test the effect of increased levels of total saponin extracted from the two alfalfa cultivars (Kometa and Verko) - either as fresh material or ensiled - on the total bacteria, total protozoa, methane emission, and selected methanogenic population. Afterwards, seven particular saponins were extracted from fresh alfalfa of the Kometa variety and tested in 24 h batch fermentation culture experiments. RESULTS The ensiled forms of both the Verko and Kometa alfalfa varieties seem to be good sources of saponin, capable of reducing methane production (P < 0.05) without negatively affecting the basic fermentation parameters. Of the two evaluated varieties, Kometa was the most effective, and the saponins extracted from its roots 3-Glc,28-Glc Ma, medicagenic saponin, and 3-Glu Ma showed the most evident effect (P = 0.0001). The most promising aerial alfalfa saponin in mitigating methane production was soysaponin I K salt (P = 0.0001). Three mixtures of saponins were tested and all were found to mitigate methane production; however, one mixture (MIX 1) did so only to a very small extent. CONCLUSION Saponins have been observed to have differing effects depending on their source; however, the mode of action of saponins depends on their direct or probable indirect effect on the microorganisms involved in methane production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Kozłowska
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Animal Improvement and Nutrogenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding Jastrzębiec, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Adam Cieślak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Artur Jóźwik
- Department of Animal Improvement and Nutrogenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding Jastrzębiec, Magdalenka, Poland
| | | | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Weronika Filipiak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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21
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Du E, Guo W, Chen F, Fan Q, Zhao N, Zhang W, Huang S, Wei J. Effects of ramie at various levels on ruminal fermentation and rumen microbiota of goats. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1628-1635. [PMID: 32180970 PMCID: PMC7063351 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
With the shortage of high‐quality forage in southern China, it is urgent to develop local unconventional forage resources, such as ramie. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary ramie levels on ruminal fermentation and rumen microbiota of Boer goats. A total of 60 Boer kids were allocated into four dietary treatments with 0, 10%, 20%, and 40% ramie, respectively. The results showed that the ruminal fermentation parameters were unaffected by the inclusion of 0%–20% ramie (p > .05). However, the ruminal concentration of total short‐chain fatty acids, acetate, and butyrate increased linearly with increasing ramie proportions (p < .05). Notably, ramie at 40% level improved the production of butyrate compared with the other dietary treatments (p < .05). Increasing the dietary ramie proportion did not affect the alpha or beta diversity of the rumen microbial community, and the relative abundances of the microorganisms at phylum level and most of the identified microorganisms at genus level remain unchanged (p > .10) even though the relative abundance of Asteroleplasma and Treponema was increased respectively when 10% and 20% ramie was included (p < .05). Overall, the result of this study demonstrated that up to 40% ramie had no impairment in the ruminal fermentation or rumen microbiota of goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encun Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Wanzheng Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Fang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Qiwen Fan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Na Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Shaowen Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Jintao Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan China
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22
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Lee M, Jeong S, Seo J, Seo S. Changes in the ruminal fermentation and bacterial community structure by a sudden change to a high-concentrate diet in Korean domestic ruminants. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 32:92-102. [PMID: 30056686 PMCID: PMC6325399 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in rumen fermentation characteristics and bacterial community by a sudden change to a high concentrate diet (HC) in Korean domestic ruminants. METHODS Major Korean domestic ruminants (each of four Hanwoo cows; 545.5±33.6 kg, Holstein cows; 516.3±42.7 kg, and Korean native goats; 19.1±1.4 kg) were used in this experiment. They were housed individually and were fed ad libitum with a same TMR (800 g/kg timothy hay and 200 g/kg concentrate mix) twice daily. After two-week feeding, only the concentrate mix was offered for one week in order to induce rapid rumen acidosis. The rumen fluid was collected from each animals twice (on week 2 and week 3) at 2 h after morning feeding using an oral stomach tube. Each collected rumen fluid was analyzed for pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), and NH3-N. In addition, differences in microbial community among ruminant species and between normal and an acidosis condition were assessed using two culture-independent 16S polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and quantitative real-time PCR). RESULTS The HC decreased ruminal pH and altered relative concentrations of ruminal VFA (p<0.01). Total VFA concentration increased in Holstein cows only (p<0.01). Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and real-time quantitative PCR analysis using culture-independent 16S PCR-based techniques, revealed rumen bacterial diversity differed by species but not by HC (p<0.01); bacterial diversity was higher in Korean native goats than that in Holstein cows. HC changed the relative populations of rumen bacterial species. Specifically, the abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes was decreased while Lactobacillus spp. and Megasphaera elsdenii were increased (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The HC altered the relative populations, but not diversity, of the ruminal bacterial community, which differed by ruminant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyung Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sinyong Jeong
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jakyeom Seo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Seongwon Seo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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23
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Trosvik P, Rueness EK, de Muinck EJ, Moges A, Mekonnen A. Ecological plasticity in the gastrointestinal microbiomes of Ethiopian Chlorocebus monkeys. Sci Rep 2018; 8:20. [PMID: 29311667 PMCID: PMC5758796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activities can cause habitat degradation that may alter the types and quality of available food resources and thus influence the microbiomes of wild animal populations. Furthermore, seasonal shifts in food availability may cause adaptive responses in the gut microbiome to meet the need for different metabolic capabilities. Here, we demonstrate local-scale population structure in the gastrointestinal microbiotas of Chlorocebus monkeys, in southern Ethiopia, in response to varying degrees of human encroachment. We further provide evidence of adaptation to ecological conditions associated with the dry and wet seasons, and show seasonal effects to be more pronounced in areas with limited human activity. Finally, we report species-level microbiota differences between the endemic Ethiopian Bale monkey, an ecological specialist, and generalist Chlorocebus species from the same geographical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål Trosvik
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eli K Rueness
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric J de Muinck
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amera Moges
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.,Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Mekonnen
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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24
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Gonzalez-Recio O, Zubiria I, García-Rodríguez A, Hurtado A, Atxaerandio R. Short communication: Signs of host genetic regulation in the microbiome composition in 2 dairy breeds: Holstein and Brown Swiss. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:2285-2292. [PMID: 29274973 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether the host genotype exerts any genetic control on the microbiome composition of the rumen in cattle. Microbial DNA was extracted from 18 samples of ruminal content from 2 breeds (Holstein and Brown Swiss). Reads were processed using mothur (https://www.mothur.org/) in 16S and 18S rRNA gene-based analyses. Then, reads were classified at the genus clade, resulting in 3,579 operational taxonomic units (OTU) aligned against the 16S database and 184 OTU aligned against the 18S database. After filtering on relative abundance (>0.1%) and penetrance (95%), 25 OTU were selected for the analyses (17 bacteria, 1 archaea, and 7 ciliates). Association with the genetic background of the host animal based on the principal components of a genomic relationship matrix based on single nucleotide polymorphism markers was analyzed using Bayesian methods. Fifty percent of the bacteria and archaea genera were associated with the host genetic background, including Butyrivibrio, Prevotella, Paraprevotella, and Methanobrevibacter as main genera. Forty-three percent of the ciliates analyzed were also associated with the genetic background of the host. In total, 48% of microbes were associated with the host genetic background. The results in this study support the hypothesis and provide some evidence that there exists a host genetic component in cattle that can partially regulate the composition of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gonzalez-Recio
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Produccion Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - I Zubiria
- Departamento de Producción Animal, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Granja Modelo de Arkaute Apartado 46, 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - A García-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Producción Animal, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Granja Modelo de Arkaute Apartado 46, 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - A Hurtado
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - R Atxaerandio
- Departamento de Producción Animal, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Granja Modelo de Arkaute Apartado 46, 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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