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Aktar J, Islam KMS, Chowdhury R, Debi MR, Emon AI. Effect of baker's yeast fermented moist feed on the growth and bone mineralization in broiler. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11:78-84. [PMID: 38680789 PMCID: PMC11055574 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2024.k750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The effect of feeding yeast-fermented feed in various forms on broiler growth performance and bone mineralization was studied. Materials and Methods Initially, a corn-soy-based diet was formulated and fermented in anaerobic conditions at 28°C in laboratory space for 48 h with yeast (2.0%) and moisture (50%). Afterward, the 150 newly hatched Arbeor Acres commercial broiler chicks were divided into 5 dietary groups (30 chicks, 6 cages, and 5 birds per cage). Each group received one of the following formulated and fermented diets: dry feed (DF), moist feed (MF), yeast-added dry feed (Y-DF), yeast-added moist feed (Y-MF), or yeast-fermented moist feed (YF-MF). Water and feed were supplied ad libitum. Six birds per group were slaughtered at age 37 for the determination of carcass traits and tibia ash. Results Fermentation improved crude protein from 20.7% to 22.8% but declined crude fiber from 7.9% to 6.3% in the YF-MF group compared to the DF group. High body weight gain was recorded in 771, 830, and 992 gm in the MF, Y-MF, and YF-MF groups, respectively, compared to the DF (762 gm) group (p < 0.01). The feed conversion ratio was better in the Y-MF (1.57) and YF-MF (1.57) groups than in the DF (1.75) group. Feeding a fermented, moist diet resulted in improved carcass yield (69%) in the YF-MF group. Bone mineralization expressed a better tibia ash percentage (35% from 30%) in the YF-MF group compared to the DF group. Conclusion Therefore, YF-MF enhanced the quality of feed and improved growth, carcass weight, and bone mineralization in broiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesmin Aktar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Khan Md. Shaiful Islam
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Rakhi Chowdhury
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Momota Rani Debi
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ashik Iqbal Emon
- Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Yunilas Y, Zain M, Tanuwiria UH, Syamsu JA. The balance of rumen degradable protein and readily available carbohydrate in sheep rations on in vitro fermentability. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10:738-743. [PMID: 38370906 PMCID: PMC10868699 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Protein and carbohydrates are substances needed by ruminants, especially sheep. Providing protein and carbohydrates must pay attention to their degradation. In addition, balancing nutrients to meet the nutritional needs of rumen microbes is very important because the unbalanced availability of rumen degradable protein (RDP) and readily available carbohydrate (RAC) at one time can cause suboptimal microbial protein synthesis efficiency. Materials and Methods Completely randomized design with a nonfactorial pattern of five treatments with three replications. Treatment includes RDP and RAC ratios, namely R1 = 2.30, R2 = 2.00, R3 = 1.70, R4 = 1.50, and R5 = 1.30. Results The results showed that the balance of RDP and RAC in sheep ration formulation in vitro had a very significant effect (p < 0.01) on NH3, microbial protein synthesis, total gas, total microbes, and organic matter digestibility (OMD) but had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on rumen pH and dry matter digestibility (DMD). Conclusion The optimal balance of RDP and RAC in the formulation of sheep rations in vitro was obtained at a ratio of 2.30 with NH3 (mM) 8.47, rumen pH 5.97, microbial protein synthesis (mg/100 ml) 123, gas (ml/g of material) 145, total microbes (cells/ml) 2.012 × 106, (log CFU cells/ml) 6.3025, DMD 61.0%, and OMD 63.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunilas Yunilas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Mardiati Zain
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Ujang Hidayat Tanuwiria
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Jasmal Ahmari Syamsu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
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Islam KMS, Elsabagh M, Lv R, Dang HL, Sugino T, Obitsu T. Anaerobic fermentation of rice bran using rumen liquor for desirable chemical changes as animal feed. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9:728-735. [PMID: 36714518 PMCID: PMC9868784 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2022.i642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objectives of this research are to overcome the limitations of rice bran (RB) and de-oiled rice bran (DORB) by fermentation anaerobically using inoculum from the rumen of a canulated sheep for desirable chemical changes. Materials and Methods Initially, RB and DORB were fermented by 10% rumen liquor for 12 h at 39°C at different moisture levels (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60% phosphate buffer). Again, DORB was fermented for 24, 48, and 72 h at 39°C using 10% rumen liquor at different moisture levels (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60% phosphate buffer). Before and after fermentation, RB and DORB were analyzed for pH, proximate components, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total-P, inorganic-P, and phytate-P. Results Fermentation of RB and DORB for 12 h reduced (p < 0.05) pH, crude fiber (CF),NDF, and phytate-P, but increased (p < 0.05) the content of inorganic-P. Subsequent fermentation of DORB for 24, 48, and 72 h reduced pH, CF, and NDF. Total-P of fermented DORB remained similar till 72 h fermentation (p < 0.05). But, inorganic-P increased with the increasing duration (24, 48, and 72 h) of fermentation and increased (30, 40, and 50) moisture level (p < 0.05). Alternatively, phytate-P decreased with increasing duration and moisture level (p < 0.05). Conclusion Inoculation of rumen microbes and incubation of RB (12 h) and DORB (24 h) at room temperature reduced phytate-P and fiber content (CF and NDF) when the moisture level was up to 50%; those are the indicators to reduce the limitation of RB and DORB to use as feed for non-ruminant animals like poultry and pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Md. Shaiful Islam
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mabrouk Elsabagh
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde University, Nigde 51240, Turkey,Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Renlong Lv
- Tropical Crop Germplasm Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Hoang Lam Dang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Aquaculture Science, Hung Vuong University, Phu Tho, Vietnam
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Taketo Obitsu
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Debi MR, Wichert BA, Wolf P, Liesegang A. Effect of a two-step fermentation method with rumen liquor on protein quality of wheat bran and rice bran to use as poultry feed. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11921. [PMID: 36506376 PMCID: PMC9732305 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of high quality protein rich feed in many developing countries is limited as well as expensive. Low-quality agro-industrial by-products, i.e., rice bran (RB) and wheat bran (WB), are therefore used as poultry feed irrespective of their low protein content. The main objective of the present study was to improve the protein content and the amino acid profiles of these by-products through rumen liquor mixed fermentation process. A two-step fermentation of some agricultural by-products (e.g., WB and RB) was performed in a controlled environment for 3 h and 6 h. In the 1st and 2nd steps, feedstuff (brans), McDougall buffer as well as collected rumen liquor were mixed with following the proportion of 1:2:3, respectively. After fermentation, brans were dried at 100 °C in an oven. Dried sample were used to analyze the crude protein (CP) as well as amino acid (AA) content. In 1st and 2nd fermentation of the WB, CP content increased 3.3 ± 0.2% (3 h), 4.3 ± 0.2% (6 h) and 7.7 ± 0.1% (3 h), 8.5 ± 0.1% (6 h), respectively compared to control. On the other hand, RB protein content increased by 3.3 ± 0.1% (3 h), 0.8 ± 0.1% (6 h) and 7.3 ± 0.3% (3 h), 4.0 ± 0.1% (6 h) in the 1st and 2nd fermentation step, respectively compared to control. Majority of the AA increased compared to control during the 1st fermentation step for RB and WB. However, In WB, some of the AA did not show significant difference. A number of AA were decreased after the 2nd step for both RB and WB except Methionine, which increased in both steps. In 1st and 2nd steps, Methionine increased by 24.9 ± 5.1% (3 h), 25.9 ± 5.8% (6 h) for WB and 12.2 ± 3.2% (3 h), 13.0 ± 4.5% (6 h) for RB, respectively compared to control. In conclusion brans protein and amino acid quality optimization might be possible through methodical rumen liquor mixed fermentation process for better utilization as poultry diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momota Rani Debi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland,Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh,Corresponding author.
| | - Brigitta A. Wichert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Wolf
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Annette Liesegang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Debi MR, Wichert BA, Liesegang A. Anaerobic fermentation of rice bran with rumen liquor for reducing their fiber components to use as chicken feed. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09275. [PMID: 35497030 PMCID: PMC9038563 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Luo Y, He J, Li H, Lan C, Cai J, Chen H, Tian G, Wang H, Wang Q, He J, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Luo J, Wu A, Yan H. Wheat bran fermented by mixed fungal strains improves the digestibility of crude fiber and may benefit the gut health without impacting the growth performance in weaned pigs. Food Funct 2021; 12:2962-2971. [PMID: 33690750 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00273b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the effect of raw (WB) or mixed fungi-fermented wheat bran (FWB) on the growth, nutrient digestibility and intestinal health in weaned piglets. After the preparation of FWB, twenty-one cross-bred weaned piglets (7.20 ± 0.5 kg) were separated into three groups for a 40-day trial. The pigs in the control group were fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet. For the other two groups, 8% of expanded corn in the basal diet was replaced by equivalent WB or FWB. Results showed that the content of main nutrients and the composition of dietary fiber in FWB improved compared to that for WB. The digestibility of fiber in pigs fed FWB improved (P < 0.05) compared to the control and/or WB without affecting their growth performance. Both WB and FWB decreased the conditional pathogen (Streptococcus) or/and E. coli virulence factor (STb) in the colon compared to control (P < 0.05), and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VCR) in jejunum increased (P < 0.05). The number of goblet cells, the expression of MUC-1 and pBD1 in jejunal mucosa, and the proportion of blood CD4+ T lymphocyte subset improved (P < 0.05) by FWB rather than WB. Furthermore, although only WB elevated (P < 0.05) the concentration of butyrate in the colon, both WB and FWB increased the number of butyrate-producing bacteria (P < 0.05) compared to the control. Thus, the main advantage of FWB over WB in weaned pigs is its improvement in fiber digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Luo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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