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Biswas S, Kim MH, Kang DK, Baek DH, Kim IH. Adding mixed probiotic to a low-crude-protein diet: Effects on production efficiency, nutrient retention, faecal gas discharge, faecal score and meat quality of finishing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 39097766 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of mixed probiotic inclusion in a reduced crude protein (CP) diet on production performance, nutrient retention, gas emissions, faecal score and meat quality of finishing pigs. In total, 150 pigs (body weight [BW] of 49.9 ± 2.80 kg and 6-week trial) were arbitrarily distributed to one of three dietary treatments (10 replications per treatment, five pigs including three gilts and two barrows per replication). The dietary treatments were Positive Control/standard diet, 17.5% CP (PC); Negative Control/reduced (2.5%) CP diet, 15% CP (NC); and NC + 0.1% probiotic mix (NCP). Pigs fed the NCP diet exhibited tendency to increase BW gain at Week 6, increased the average daily gain (ADG) of pigs during Weeks 3-6 and showed tendency to increase ADG during the overall period than the NC diet. The CP digestibility decreased at Week 6 and presented a tendency to decrease at Week 3 in pigs fed the NC diet compared with the PC diet. However, CP digestibility increased with the NCP diet at Weeks 3 and 6 compared with the NC diet. A tendency in the reduction of H2S emissions from pig's faeces at Weeks 3 and 6 was observed by the NCP diet compared with NC and PC diets. Pigs fed the NC diet showed a lower faecal score than the PC diet at Week 6. The NC diet resulted in lower cooking loss and drip loss to the PC diet. Moreover, longissimus muscle area showed tendency to increase, cooking loss exhibited tendency to decrease and drip loss decreased in the meat samples of pigs receiving the NCP diet compared with the NC diet alone. The NCP diet exhibited great promise in maintaining performance by enhancing the growth performance, digestibility, mitigating gas emissions and improving the quality of meat in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbani Biswas
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
- Smart Animal Bio Institute, Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Min H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
- Smart Animal Bio Institute, Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dae-Kyung Kang
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
- Smart Animal Bio Institute, Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dong Heon Baek
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - In H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
- Smart Animal Bio Institute, Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Liu Z, Liu M, Wang H, Qin P, Di Y, Jiang S, Li Y, Huang L, Jiao N, Yang W. Glutamine attenuates bisphenol A-induced intestinal inflammation by regulating gut microbiota and TLR4-p38/MAPK-NF-κB pathway in piglets. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115836. [PMID: 38154151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), as a kind of widely exerted environmental hazardous material, brings toxicity to both humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the role of glutamine (Gln) in intestinal inflammation and microbiota in BPA-challenged piglets. Thirty-two piglets were randomly divided into four groups according to 2 factors including BPA (0 vs. 0.1%) and Gln (0 vs. 1%) supplemented in basal diet for a 42-day feeding experiment. The results showed BPA exposure impaired piglet growth, induced intestinal inflammation and disturbed microbiota balance. However, dietary Gln supplementation improved the growth performance, while decreasing serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in BPA-challenged piglets. In addition, Gln attenuated intestinal mucosal damage and inflammation by normalizing the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-p38/MAPK-nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway caused by BPA. Moreover, dietary Gln supplementation decreased the abundance of Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria, and attenuated the decreased abundance of Roseburia, Prevotella, Romboutsia and Phascolarctobacterium and the content of short-chain fatty acids in cecum contents caused by BPA exposure. Moreover, there exerted potential relevance between the gut microbiota and pro-inflammatory cytokines and cecal short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, Gln is critical nutrition for attenuating BPA-induced intestinal inflammation, which is partially mediated by regulating microbial balance and suppressing the TLR4/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Huiru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Pengxiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Yanjiao Di
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Shuzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Libo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China.
| | - Weiren Yang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China.
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Parada J, Magnoli A, Isgro MC, Poloni V, Fochesato A, Martínez MP, Carranza A, Cavaglieri L. In-feed nutritional additive probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii RC009 can substitute for prophylactic antibiotics and improve the production and health of weaning pigs. Vet World 2023; 16:1035-1042. [PMID: 37576772 PMCID: PMC10420716 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1035-1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Non-therapeutic antibiotic use is associated with the current decrease in antibiotic therapeutic efficiency and the emergence of a wide range of resistant strains, which constitutes a public health risk. This study aimed to evaluate the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii RC009 as a nutritional feed additive to substitute the prophylactic use of antibiotics and improve the productive performance and health of post-weaning piglets. Materials and Methods Four regular nutritional phases were prepared. Post-weaning pigs (21-70 days old) received one of two dietary treatments: T1-basal diet (BD-control group) with in-feed antibiotics as a prophylactic medication (one pulse of Tiamulin in P3 and one pulse of Amoxicillin in P4); and T2-BD without in-feed antibiotics but with Saccharomyces boulardii RC009 (1 × 1012 colony forming unit/T feed). The feed conversion ratio (FCR), total weight gain (TWG-kg), and daily weight gain (DWG-kg) were determined. A post-weaning growth index (GI) was calculated and animals (160 days old) from each treatment were analyzed at the abattoir after sacrifice for carcass weight and respiratory tract lesions. Results Pigs consuming probiotics had higher TWG and DWG than the control group. The group of animals with low body weight obtained the same results. Saccharomyces boulardii administration decreased diarrhea, and FCR reduction was related to a GI improvement. A significant increase in carcass weight and muscle thickness reduction was observed in animals received the probiotic post-weaning. Conclusion Saccharomyces boulardii RC009, a probiotic additive, was found to improve the production parameters of pigs post-weaning and enhance their health status, indicating that it may be a promising alternative to prophylactic antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Parada
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary, National University of Rio Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Magnoli
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary, National University of Rio Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maite Corti Isgro
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary, National University of Rio Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valeria Poloni
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physical, Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Analía Fochesato
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physical, Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Pía Martínez
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physical, Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia Carranza
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary, National University of Rio Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lilia Cavaglieri
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physical, Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Konieczka P, Ferenc K, Jørgensen JN, Hansen LH, Zabielski R, Olszewski J, Gajewski Z, Mazur-Kuśnirek M, Szkopek D, Szyryńska N, Lipiński K. Feeding Bacillus-based probiotics to gestating and lactating sows is an efficient method for improving immunity, gut functional status and biofilm formation by probiotic bacteria in piglets at weaning. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Yu X, Dai Z, Cao G, Cui Z, Zhang R, Xu Y, Wu Y, Yang C. Protective effects of Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, gut barrier functions, immunity and serum metabolome in lipopolysaccharide-challenged weaned piglets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140564. [PMID: 37033995 PMCID: PMC10073459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) is a well-accepted probiotic that has many benefits on both humans and animals. This study explored the effects of B. licheniformis on growth performance, intestinal mucosal barrier functions, immunity as well as serum metabolome in the weaned piglets exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One hundred and twenty piglets weaned at four weeks of age were separated into two groups that received a basal diet (the control group, CON), and a basal diet complemented with B. licheniformis (500 mg/kg, the BL group, BL). Twenty-four piglets were chosen from the above two groups and 12 piglets were injected with LPS intraperitoneally at a concentration of 100 μg/kg and the others were injected with sterile saline solution of the same volume. All the piglets were sacrificed 4 h after LPS challenge. Results showed that B. licheniformis enhanced the ADG and final body weight and lowered the F/G and diarrhea rate. Pre-treatment with B. licheniformis markedly attenuated intestinal mucosal damage induced by LPS challenge. Supplementation with B. licheniformis strengthened immune function and suppressed inflammatory response by elevating the concentrations of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A and jejunum mucosal IgA and IgG and decreasing serum IL-6 and jejunum mucosal IL-1β. In addition, B. licheniformis pretreatment prevented LPS-induced intestinal injury by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, pretreatment with B. licheniformis tended to reverse the reduction of acetate and propionic acids in the colonic contents that occurred due to LPS stress. B. licheniformis markedly modulated the metabolites of saccharopine and allantoin from lysine and purine metabolic pathways, respectively. Overall, these data emphasize the potentiality of B. licheniformis as a dietary supplement to overcome the challenge of bacterial LPS in the animal and to enhance the food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenglie Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenchuan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Caimei Yang,
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6
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Spraying compound probiotics improves growth performance and immunity and modulates gut microbiota and blood metabolites of suckling piglets. SCIENCE CHINA LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 66:1092-1107. [PMID: 36543996 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One factor that shapes the establishment of early neonatal intestinal microbiota is environmental microbial exposure, and probiotic application has been shown to promote health and growth of piglets. Thus, this study hypothesized that environmental probiotic application in early days of life would be beneficial to newborn piglets. This study aimed to investigate the effect of spraying a compound probiotic fermented liquid (CPFL) into the living environment of piglets on their early growth performance and immunity. This work included 68 piglets, which were randomized into probiotic and control groups. Blood and fecal samples were collected at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days of age. Spraying CPFL significantly reshaped the microbiota composition of the delivery room environment, increased piglets' daily weight gain and weaning weight (P<0.001), and modulated piglets' serum cytokine levels (increases in IgA, IgG, and IL-10; decrease in IFN-γ; P<0.05 in each case) in piglets. Additionally, spraying CPFL during early days of life modified piglets' gut microbiota structure and diversity, increased the abundance of some potentially beneficial bacteria (such as Bacteroides uniformis, Butyricimonas virosa, Parabacteroides distasonis, and Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens) and decreased the abundance of Escherichia coli (P<0.05). Interestingly, CPFL application also significantly enhanced the gut microbial bioactive potential and levels of several serum metabolites involved in the metabolism of vitamins (B2, B3, B6, and E), medium/long-chain fatty acids (caproic, tetradecanoic, and peptadecanoic acids), and dicarboxylic acids (azelaic and sebacic acids). Our study demonstrated that spraying CPFL significantly could improve piglets' growth performance and immunity, and the beneficial effects are associated with changes in the gut microbiota and host metabolism. Our study has provided novel data for future development of probiotic-based health-promoting strategies and expanded our knowledge of probiotic application in animal husbandry.
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7
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Cardelle-Cobas A, Coy-Girón L, Cepeda A, Nebot C. Swine Production: Probiotics as an Alternative to the Use of Antibiotics. Vet Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal food production is one of the most powerful European economic sectors; however, this sector is facing new challenge due to the development of bacteria with resistant genes, and consequently, restriction on the administration of antibiotics. Limitation, at the moment, is focused on those antibiotics employed in human medicines. Therefore, it is necessary to improve as much as possible animals’ health and reduce diseases. Among others, alternatives include adequate animal handling, hygienic facilities, quality food, or vaccines. Probiotics also arise as a good alternative due to their already known properties as intestinal microbiota modulators, improving the immune functions and reducing the risk and the development of illness. Significant data can found scientific literature that demonstrates probiotics benefits when they are administrated to the animals through diet. However, to be able to apply all these findings in a specific animal species, at a particular production animal life stage and at a industrialize scale, it is necessary to compile and organize reported information. This chapter presents the most recent and relevant finding on the use of probiotics in swine production.
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8
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Liu N, Ma X, Jiang X. Effects of Immobilized Antimicrobial Peptides on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Index, Inflammatory Factors, Intestinal Morphology, and Microbial Community in Weaning Pigs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872990. [PMID: 35422808 PMCID: PMC9001916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of immobilized antimicrobial peptides on growth performance, serum biochemical index, inflammatory factors, intestinal morphology, and microbial community of weaning piglets. A total of 21 weaning piglets [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] with initial body weight (7.64 ± 0.65 kg) were randomly allocated to one of three treatments with seven replicates (one pig per replicate) per treatment according to sex and weight in randomized complete block design. Pigs in the three treatments were fed corn–soybean meal-based diet (CON), corn–soybean meal based diet + flavomycin (25 mg/kg) + quinone (50 mg/kg) (AB), and corn–soybean meal based diet + 1,000 mg/kg immobilized antimicrobial peptides (IAMPs), respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days, including early stage (0–14 days) and late stage (15–28 days). The results showed the following: (1) compared with the CON group, the average daily gain in the whole experimental time (p < 0.05) was significantly increased, and the diarrhea rate of weaning piglets was decreased (p < 0.01) in the IAMPs group; (2) compared with the CON group, the concentrations of serum IgM and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the IAMPs group were significantly higher than the CON and AB groups (p < 0.01); (3) compared with CON group, the concentrations of serum interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the concentration of IL-12 was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the IAMPs group; (4) compared with CON group, the concentrations of serum endotoxin and D-lactate of piglets were significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and the relative expression of ZO-1 and occludin in the jejunum of piglets were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the IAMPs group; (5) compared with the CON group, the villus height of the duodenum and jejunum of weaning piglets in IAMPs and AB groups was significantly increased (p < 0.05); and (6) compared with CON group, the relative abundance of Escherichia–Shigella in the colon and cecal digesta was decreased. In summary, the addition of 1,000 mg/kg immobilized antimicrobial peptides in the diet effectively relieved weaning stress by showing improved growth performance, antioxidant and immune capacity, intestinal morphology, and microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaokang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianren Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Mun D, Kyoung H, Kong M, Ryu S, Jang KB, Baek J, Park KI, Song M, Kim Y. Effects of Bacillus-based probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of weaned pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1314-1327. [PMID: 34957446 PMCID: PMC8672252 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus is characterized by the formation of spores in harsh
environments, which makes it suitable for use as a probiotic for feed because of
thermostability and high survival rate, even under long-term storage. This study
was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus-based
probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology,
immune response, and intestinal microbiota of weaned pigs. A total of 40 weaned
pigs (7.01 ± 0.86 kg body weight [BW]; 28 d old) were randomly assigned
to two treatments (4 pigs/pen; 5 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete
block design (block = BW and sex). The dietary treatment was either a typical
nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) or CON supplemented with 0.01%
probiotics containing a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and
Bacillus licheniformis (PRO). Fecal samples were collected
daily by rectal palpation for the last 3 days after a 4-day adaptation. Blood,
ileal digesta, and intestinal tissue samples were collected from one pig in each
pen at the respective time points. The PRO group did not affect the feed
efficiency, but the average daily gain was significantly improved
(p < 0.05). The PRO group showed a trend of improved
crude protein digestibility (p < 0.10). The serum
transforming growth factor-β1 level tended to be higher
(p < 0.10) in the PRO group on days 7 and 14. There
was no difference in phylum level of the intestinal microbiota, but there were
differences in genus composition and proportions. However,
β-diversity analysis showed no statistical
differences between the CON and the PRO groups. Taken together,
Bacillus-based probiotics had beneficial effects on the
growth performance, immune system, and intestinal microbiota of weaned pigs,
suggesting that Bacillus can be utilized as a functional
probiotic for weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daye Mun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kyoung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Myunghwan Kong
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sangdon Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ki Beom Jang
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 2769, USA
| | - Jangryeol Baek
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kyeong Ii Park
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Zhe L, Yang L, Lin S, Chen F, Wang P, Heres L, Zhuo Y, Tang J, Lin Y, Xu S, Zhang X, Jiang X, Huang L, Zhang R, Che L, Tian G, Feng B, Wu D, Fang Z. Differential responses of weaned piglets to supplemental porcine or chicken plasma in diets without inclusion of antibiotics and zinc oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1173-1181. [PMID: 34754959 PMCID: PMC8556524 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of spray-dried porcine plasma protein (SDPP) or spray-dried chicken plasma protein (SDCP) supplementation in diets without the inclusion of antibiotics and zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, fecal score, and fecal microbiota in early-weaned piglets. A total of 192 healthy weaning piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 21 d old) were blocked by BW (6.53 ± 0.60 kg) and randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: negative control (NC, basal diet), positive control (PC), basal diet + ZnO at 2 g/kg and antibiotics at 0.8 g/kg), SDPP (containing 5% SDPP), and SDCP (containing 5% SDCP). The experiment lasted 14 d. The SDPP group had higher (P < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain and average daily feed intake than the NC and SDCP groups. The percentage of piglets with fecal scores at 2 or ≥2 was higher (P < 0.05) in the NC and SDCP groups than in the PC group. A decreased (P < 0.05) bacterial alpha diversity and Bacteroidetes abundance, but increased (P < 0.05) Firmicutes abundance were observed in the PC and SDPP groups when compared to the NC group. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus was higher (P < 0.05) in the SDPP than in the SDCP group, and that of Streptococcus was higher (P < 0.01) in the PC and SDPP groups than in the NC group. The PC group also had higher (P < 0.01) Faecalibacterium abundance than the NC and SDCP groups. Additionally, the SDCP group had higher (P < 0.05) serum urea nitrogen than those fed other diets, and lower (P < 0.10) short-chain fatty acids to branched-chain fatty acids ratio than the PC and SDPP groups. Overall, SDPP was a promising animal protein for piglets in increasing feed intake, modifying gut microbiota profile, reducing gut protein fermentation and alleviating diarrhea frequency, thus promoting growth performance, under the conditions with limited in-feed utilization of antibiotics and ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhe
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lunxiang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 133 Dongguanzhuang Yiheng Road, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lourens Heres
- Sonac (China) Biology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 1668 Xiuyan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lingjie Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Corresponding author.
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11
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Lv L, Feng Z, Zhang D, Lei L, Zhang H, Liu Z, Ren Y, Zhao S. A regression for estimating metabolizable glucose in diets of weaned piglets for optimal growth performance. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1643-1652. [PMID: 33332939 PMCID: PMC8495354 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Two experiments were conducted to provide a new approach for evaluating feed nutritional value by metabolizable glucose (MG) in piglet diets with different levels of starch and crude fiber. In Exp 1, a regression equation for MG was generated. In Exp 2, the equation was verified, and the optimal growth performance of piglets under appropriate MG levels was tested. Methods In Exp 1, 20 weaned piglets (7.74±0.81 kg body weight [BW]) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments, including the basal diet containing different levels of MG (starch, 25.80%, 31.67%, 45.71%, 49.36%; crude fiber, 1.23%, 1.35%, 1.80%, 1.51%). The piglets were implanted with an ileal fistula, cannulation of the carotid artery, portal vein, and mesenteric artery. The chyme from the ileum fistula and blood samples were collected. In Exp 2, 30 weaned piglets (8.96±0.50 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatments, including the experimental diets with different levels of MG (37.6, 132.5, 300.0, 354.3, and 412.5 g/kg). The piglets’ BW, and feed consumption were recorded to calculate growth performance during the 28-d experiment. Results In Exp 1, the MG levels in 4 diets were 239.62, 280.68, 400.79, and 454.35 g/kg. The regression equation for the MG levels and dietary nutrients was: Y (MG) = 12.13×X1 (starch)+23.18×X2 (crude fiber)−196.44 (R2 = 0.9989, p = 0.033). In Exp 2, treatments with 132.5 and 300.0 g/kg MG significantly (p<0.05) increased average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency of weaned piglets, increased digestibility of crude fat, and had no effect on digestibility of crude protein compared to 300.0 to 412.5 g/kg MG. Conclusion The pig model combining the ileum fistula and cannulation of blood vessels was successfully used to determine the dietary MG levels. The recommended MG level in weaned pig diets is 132.5 to 300.0 g/kg.
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Sirichokchatchawan W, Apiwatsiri P, Pupa P, Saenkankam I, Khine NO, Lekagul A, Lugsomya K, Hampson DJ, Prapasarakul N. Reducing the Risk of Transmission of Critical Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants From Contaminated Pork Products to Humans in South-East Asia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689015. [PMID: 34385984 PMCID: PMC8353453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical challenge worldwide as it impacts public health, especially via contamination in the food chain and in healthcare-associated infections. In relation to farming, the systems used, waste management on farms, and the production line process are all determinants reflecting the risk of AMR emergence and rate of contamination of foodstuffs. This review focuses on South East Asia (SEA), which contains diverse regions covering 11 countries, each having different levels of development, customs, laws, and regulations. Routinely, here as elsewhere antimicrobials are still used for three indications: therapy, prevention, and growth promotion, and these are the fundamental drivers of AMR development and persistence. The accuracy of detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) depends on the laboratory standards applicable in the various institutes and countries, and this affects the consistency of regional data. Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the standard proxy species used for indicating AMR-associated nosocomial infections and healthcare-associated infections. Pig feces and wastewater have been suspected as one of the hotspots for spread and circulation of ARB and ARG. As part of AMR surveillance in a One Health approach, clonal typing is used to identify bacterial clonal transmission from the production process to consumers and patients - although to date there have been few published definitive studies about this in SEA. Various alternatives to antibiotics are available to reduce antibiotic use on farms. Certain of these alternatives together with improved disease prevention methods are essential tools to reduce antimicrobial usage in swine farms and to support global policy. This review highlights evidence for potential transfer of resistant bacteria from food animals to humans, and awareness and understanding of AMR through a description of the occurrence of AMR in pig farm food chains under SEA management systems. The latter includes a description of standard pig farming practices, detection of AMR and clonal analysis of bacteria, and AMR in the food chain and associated environments. Finally, the possibility of using alternatives to antibiotics and improving policies for future strategies in combating AMR in a SEA context are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandee Sirichokchatchawan
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasert Apiwatsiri
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawiya Pupa
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Imporn Saenkankam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nwai Oo Khine
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana Lekagul
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Kittitat Lugsomya
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - David J. Hampson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Yang KM, Zhu C, Wang L, Cao ST, Yang XF, Gao KG, Jiang ZY. Early supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum in liquid diet modulates intestinal innate immunity through toll-like receptor 4-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in young piglets challenged with Escherichia coli K88. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6259343. [PMID: 33928383 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of early supplementation during 4 to 18 d of age with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) in liquid diets on intestinal innate immune response in young piglets infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88. Seventy-two barrow piglets at 4 d old were assigned to basal or LP-supplemented liquid diet (5 × 1010 CFU·kg-1). On day 15, piglets from each group were orally challenged with either ETEC K88 (1 × 108 CFU·kg-1) or the same amount of phosphate-buffered saline. The intestinal mucosa, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and spleen samples were collected on day 18. Here, we found that LP pretreatment significantly decreased the mRNA relative expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α), porcine β-defensin 2 (pBD-2), and mucins (MUC1 and MUC4) in the jejunal mucosa in piglets challenged with ETEC K88 (P < 0.05). Moreover, LP significantly decreased the ileal mucosa mRNA relative expression of IL-8 and MUC4 in young piglets challenged with ETEC K88 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the piglets of the LP + ETEC K88 group had lower protein levels of IL-8, secretory immunoglobulin A, pBD-2, and MUC4 in the jejunal mucosa than those challenged with ETEC K88 (P < 0.05). Besides, LP supplementation reduced the percentage of gamma/delta T cells receptor (γδTCR) and CD172a+ (SWC3+) cells in MLN and the percentage of γδTCR cells in the spleen of young piglets after the ETEC K88 challenge. Supplementation with LP in liquid diets prevented the upregulated protein abundance of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, phosphorylation-p38, and phosphorylation-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases in the jejunal mucosa induced by ETEC K88 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LP supplementation in liquid diet possesses anti-inflammatory activity and modulates the intestinal innate immunity during the early life of young piglets challenged with ETEC K88, which might be attributed to the suppression of TLR4-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Early supplementation with LP in liquid diets regulates the innate immune response, representing a promising immunoregulation strategy for maintaining intestinal health in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanmin M Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong, China. Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, China, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Cui Zhu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong, China. Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, China, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Shuting T Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong, China. Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, China, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Xuefen F Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong, China. Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, China, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Kaiguo G Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong, China. Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, China, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Zongyong Y Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong, China. Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, China, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
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