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Huang Y, Zhang B, Mauck J, Loor JJ, Wei B, Shen B, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zhu X, Wang J. Plasma and milk metabolomics profiles in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6340-6357. [PMID: 38608939 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Ketosis, a commonly observed energy metabolism disorder in dairy cows during the peripartal period, is distinguished by increased concentrations of BHB in the blood. This condition has a negative impact on milk production and quality, causing financial losses. An untargeted metabolomics approach was performed on plasma samples from cows between 5 and 7 DIM diagnosed as controls (CON; BHB <1.2 mM, n = 30), subclinically ketotic (SCK; 1.2 < BHB <3.0 mM, n = 30), or clinically ketotic (CK; BHB >3.0 mM, n = 30). Cows were selected from a commercial farm of 214 Holstein cows (average 305-d yield in the previous lactation of 35.42 ± 7.23 kg/d; parity, 2.41 ± 1.12; BCS, 3.1 ± 0.45). All plasma and milk samples (n = 90) were subjected to liquid chromatography-MS-based metabolomic analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0, MetaboAnalyst 4.0, and R version 4.1.3. Compared with the CON group, both SCK and CK groups had greater milk fat, freezing point, and fat-to-protein ratio, as well as lower milk protein, lactose, solids-not-fat, and milk density. Within 21 d after calving, compared with CON, the SCK group experienced a reduction of 2.65 kg/d in milk yield, while the CK group experienced a decrease of 7.7 kg/d. Untargeted metabolomics analysis facilitated the annotation of a total of 5,259 and 8,423 metabolites in plasma and milk. Differentially affected metabolites were screened in CON versus SCK, CON versus CK, and SCK versus CK (unpaired t-test, false discovery rate <0.05; and absolute value of log(2)-fold change >1.5). A total of 1,544 and 1,888 differentially affected metabolites were detected in plasma and milk. In plasma, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis were identified as important pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated that tryptophan metabolism is a key pathway associated with the occurrence and development of ketosis. Increases in 5-hydroxytryptophan and decreases in kynurenine and 3-indoleacetic acid in SCK and CK were suggestive of an impact at the gut level. The decrease of most glycerophospholipids indicated that ketosis is associated with disordered lipid metabolism. For milk, pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and fatty acid degradation were identified as important pathways. The WGCNA indicated that purine and pyrimidine metabolism in plasma was highly correlated with milk yield during the peripartal period. Alterations in purine and pyrimidine metabolism characterized ketosis, with lower levels of these metabolites in both milk and blood underscoring reduced efficiency in nitrogen metabolism. Our results may help to establish a foundation for future research investigating mechanisms responsible for the occurrence and development of ketosis in peripartal cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Zhong Ken Mu Dairy (Group) Co. Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
| | - John Mauck
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Bo Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingyu Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Yoo D, Yang S, Kim H, Moon J, Seo J. Effects of the Use of Rice Grain on Growth Performances, Blood Metabolites, Rumen Fermentation, and Rumen Microbial Community in Fattening Hanwoo Steers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2988. [PMID: 37760388 PMCID: PMC10525799 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the influence of rice grain in the total mixed ration (TMR) on the growth performance, blood metabolites, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbial community of fattening Hanwoo steers. Two experimental diets were prepared: (i) a TMR containing 33% dry matter (DM) corn grains (Corn TMR) and (ii) a TMR containing 33% DM rice grains (Rice TMR). Twenty-two Hanwoo steers (body weight [BW], 498 ± 32 kg; months, 17 ± 0.5) were distributed into two treatment groups in a completely randomized block design according to BW. The Rice TMR group had a higher final BW and DM intake (DMI) compared to those in the Corn TMR group (p < 0.01). However, no difference was observed in the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) between the two treatments. For the rumen fermentation parameters, the molar portion of butyrate in the Rice TMR was higher than in the Corn TMR (p < 0.01). Streptococcus bovis tended to be higher in the Rice TMR (p = 0.09). The results of this study suggest that using rice grain as the primary starch source in TMRs may be an alternative option for fattening Hanwoo steers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jakyeom Seo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (D.Y.); (S.Y.); (H.K.); (J.M.)
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Patschan D, Patschan S, Matyukhin I, Ritter O, Dammermann W. Metabolomics in Acute Kidney Injury: The Clinical Perspective. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4083. [PMID: 37373777 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects increasing numbers of hospitalized patients worldwide. The diagnosis of AKI is made too late in most individuals since it is still based on dynamic changes in serum creatinine. In recent years, new AKI biomarkers have been identified; however, none of these can reliably replace serum creatinine yet. Metabolomic profiling (metabolomics) allows the concomitant detection and quantification of large numbers of metabolites from biological specimens. The current article aims to summarize clinical studies on metabolomics in AKI diagnosis and risk prediction. METHODS The following databases were searched for references: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, and the period lasted from 1940 until 2022. The following terms were utilized: 'AKI' OR 'Acute Kidney Injury' OR 'Acute Renal Failure' AND 'metabolomics' OR 'metabolic profiling' OR 'omics' AND 'risk' OR 'death' OR 'survival' OR 'dialysis' OR 'KRT' OR 'kidney replacement therapy' OR 'RRT' OR 'renal replacement therapy' OR 'recovery of kidney function' OR 'renal recovery' OR 'kidney recovery' OR 'outcome'. Studies on AKI risk prediction were only selected if metabolomic profiling allowed differentiation between subjects that fulfilled a risk category (death or KRT or recovery of kidney function) and those who did not. Experimental (animal-based) studies were not included. RESULTS In total, eight studies were identified. Six studies were related to the diagnosis of AKI; two studies were performed on metabolic analysis in AKI risk (death) prediction. Metabolomics studies in AKI already helped to identify new biomarkers for AKI diagnosis. The data on metabolomics for AKI risk prediction (death, KRT, recovery of kidney function), however, are very limited. CONCLUSIONS Both the heterogenous etiology and the high degree of pathogenetic complexity of AKI most likely require integrated approaches such as metabolomics and/or additional types of '-omics' studies to improve clinical outcomes in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Patschan
- Department of Medicine 1, Cardiology, Angiology, Nephrology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University Hospital Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 15562 Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
| | - Susann Patschan
- Department of Medicine 1, Cardiology, Angiology, Nephrology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University Hospital Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 15562 Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Matyukhin
- Department of Medicine 1, Cardiology, Angiology, Nephrology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University Hospital Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 15562 Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Ritter
- Department of Medicine 1, Cardiology, Angiology, Nephrology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University Hospital Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 15562 Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Dammermann
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 15562 Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine 2, Gastroenterology, Diabetes, Endocrinology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University Hospital Brandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg, Germany
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Wang Q, Cui Y, Indugu N, Loor JJ, Jiang Q, Yu Z, Baker L, Pitta D, Deng Z, Xu C. Integrated meta-omics analyses reveal a role of ruminal microorganisms in ketone body accumulation and ketosis in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00327-2. [PMID: 37296048 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which a nutrition-related disorder such as ketosis alters the ruminal microbiota or whether microbiota composition is related to ketosis and potential associations with host metabolism is unknown. We aimed to evaluate variations occurring in the ruminal microbiota of ketotic and nonketotic cows in the early postpartum period, and how those changes may affect the risk of developing the disease. Data on milk yield, dry matter intake (DMI), body condition score, and blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations at 21 d postpartum were used to select 27 cows, which were assigned (n = 9 per group) to a clinical ketotic (CK, 4.10 ± 0.72 mmol BHB/L, DMI 11.61 ± 0.49 kg/d, ruminal pH 7.55 ± 0.07), subclinical ketotic (SK, 1.36 ± 0.12 mmol BHB/L, DMI 15.24 ± 0.34 kg/d, ruminal pH 7.58 ± 0.08), or control (NK, 0.88 ± 0.14 mmol BHB/L, DMI 16.74 ± 0.67/d, ruminal pH 7.61 ± 0.03) group. Cows averaged 3.6 ± 0.5 lactations and a body condition score of 3.11 ± 0.34 at the time of sampling. After blood serum collection for metabolomics analysis (1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra), 150 mL of ruminal digesta was collected from each cow using an esophageal tube, paired-end (2 × 300 bp) sequencing of isolated DNA from ruminal digesta was performed via Illumina MiSeq, and sequencing data were analyzed using QIIME2 (v 2020.6) to measure the ruminal microbiota composition and relative abundance. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate relationships between relative abundance of bacterial genera and concentrations of serum metabolites. There were more than 200 genera, with approximately 30 being significant between NK and CK cows. Succinivibrionaceae UCG 1 taxa decreased in CK compared with NK cows. Christensenellaceae (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.6), Ruminococcaceae (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.6), Lachnospiraceae (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.5), and Prevotellaceae (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.6) genera were more abundant in the CK group and were highly positively correlated with plasma BHB. Metagenomic analysis indicated a high abundance of predicted functions related to metabolism (37.7%), genetic information processing (33.4%), and Brite hierarchies (16.3%) in the CK group. The 2 most important metabolic pathways for butyrate and propionate production were enriched in CK cows, suggesting increased production of acetyl coenzyme A and butyrate and decreased production of propionate. Overall, the combined data suggested that microbial populations may be related to ketosis by affecting short-chain fatty acid metabolism and BHB accumulation even in cows with adequate feed intake in the early postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, New Development District, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China 163319; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, China 163319
| | - Yizhe Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 2 Xinyang Road, New Development District, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China 163319
| | - Nagaraju Indugu
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - Linda Baker
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348
| | - Dipti Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348
| | - Zhaoju Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 100083
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 100083.
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Patschan D, Patschan S, Matyukhin I, Hoffmeister M, Lauxmann M, Ritter O, Dammermann W. Metabolomics in Acute Kidney Injury: The Experimental Perspective. J Clin Med Res 2023; 15:283-291. [PMID: 37434774 PMCID: PMC10332883 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects increasing numbers of in-hospital patients in Central Europe and the USA, the prognosis remains poor. Although substantial progress has been achieved in the identification of molecular/cellular processes that induce and perpetuate AKI, more integrated pathophysiological perspectives are missing. Metabolomics enables the identification of low-molecular-weight (< 1.5 kD) substances from biological specimens such as certain types of fluid or tissue. The aim of the article was to review the literature on metabolic profiling in experimental AKI and to answer the question if metabolomics allows the integration of distinct pathophysiological events such as tubulopathy and microvasculopathy in ischemic and toxic AKI. The following databases were searched for references: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus. The period lasted from 1940 until 2022. The following terms were utilized: "acute kidney injury" OR "acute renal failure" OR "AKI" AND "metabolomics" OR "metabolic profiling" OR "omics" AND "ischemic" OR "toxic" OR "drug-induced" OR "sepsis" OR "LPS" OR "cisplatin" OR "cardiorenal" OR "CRS" AND "mouse" OR "mice" OR "murine" OR "rats" OR "rat". Additional search terms were "cardiac surgery", "cardiopulmonary bypass", "pig", "dog", and "swine". In total, 13 studies were identified. Five studies were related to ischemic, seven studies to toxic (lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cisplatin), and one study to heat shock-associated AKI. Only one study, related to cisplatin-induced AKI, was performed as a targeted analysis. The majority of the studies identified multiple metabolic deteriorations upon ischemia/the administration of LPS or cisplatin (e.g., amino acid, glucose, lipid metabolism). Particularly, abnormalities in the lipid homeostasis were shown under almost all experimental conditions. LPS-induced AKI most likely depends on the alterations in the tryptophan metabolism. Metabolomics studies provide a deeper understanding of pathophysiological links between distinct processes that are responsible for functional impairment/structural damage in ischemic or toxic or other types of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Patschan
- Department of Medicine 1, Cardiology, Angiology, Nephrology, University Hospital Brandenburg of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Germany
| | - Susann Patschan
- Department of Medicine 1, Cardiology, Angiology, Nephrology, University Hospital Brandenburg of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Igor Matyukhin
- Department of Medicine 1, Cardiology, Angiology, Nephrology, University Hospital Brandenburg of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Meike Hoffmeister
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Lauxmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Ritter
- Department of Medicine 1, Cardiology, Angiology, Nephrology, University Hospital Brandenburg of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Germany
| | - Werner Dammermann
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Germany
- Department of Medicine 2, Gastroenterology, Diabetes, Endocrinology, University Hospital Brandenburg of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany
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Kim HS, Lee SJ, Eom JS, Choi Y, Jo SU, Kim J, Lee SS, Kim ET, Lee SS. Comparison of metabolites in rumen fluid, urine, and feces of dairy cow from subacute ruminal acidosis model measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:53-62. [PMID: 36108706 PMCID: PMC9834661 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, metabolites that changed in the rumen fluid, urine and feces of dairy cows fed different feed ratios were investigated. METHODS Eight Holstein cows were used in this study. Rumen fluid, urine, and feces were collected from the normal concentrate diet (NCD) (Italian ryegrass 80%: concentrate 20% in the total feed) and high concentrate diet (HCD) groups (20%: 80%) of dairy cows. Metabolite analysis was performed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) identification, and statistical analysis was performed using Chenomx NMR software 8.4 and Metaboanalyst 4.0. RESULTS The two groups of rumen fluid and urine samples were separated, and samples from the same group were aggregated together. On the other hand, the feces samples were not separated and showed similar tendencies between the two groups. In total, 160, 177, and 188 metabolites were identified in the rumen fluid, urine, and feces, respectively. The differential metabolites with low and high concentrations were 15 and 49, 14 and 16, and 2 and 2 in the rumen fluid, urine, and feces samples, in the NCD group. CONCLUSION As HCD is related to rumen microbial changes, research on different metabolites such as glucuronate, acetylsalicylate, histidine, and O-Acetylcarnitine, which are related to bacterial degradation and metabolism, will need to be carried out in future studies along with microbial analysis. In urine, the identified metabolites, such as gallate, syringate, and vanillate can provide insight into microbial, metabolic, and feed parameters that cause changes depending on the feed rate. Additionally, it is thought that they can be used as potential biomarkers for further research on subacute ruminal acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sang Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea,University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Youyoung Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Seong Uk Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000,
Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea,University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea,Corresponding Author: Sung Sill Lee, Tel: +82-55-772-1883, Fax: +82-55-772-1889, E-mail:
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7
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Dai X, Shen L. Advances and Trends in Omics Technology Development. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:911861. [PMID: 35860739 PMCID: PMC9289742 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.911861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human history has witnessed the rapid development of technologies such as high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry that led to the concept of “omics” and methodological advancement in systematically interrogating a cellular system. Yet, the ever-growing types of molecules and regulatory mechanisms being discovered have been persistently transforming our understandings on the cellular machinery. This renders cell omics seemingly, like the universe, expand with no limit and our goal toward the complete harness of the cellular system merely impossible. Therefore, it is imperative to review what has been done and is being done to predict what can be done toward the translation of omics information to disease control with minimal cell perturbation. With a focus on the “four big omics,” i.e., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, we delineate hierarchies of these omics together with their epiomics and interactomics, and review technologies developed for interrogation. We predict, among others, redoxomics as an emerging omics layer that views cell decision toward the physiological or pathological state as a fine-tuned redox balance.
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8
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Eom JS, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Choi Y, Jo SU, Lee SS, Kim ET, Lee SS. Metabolic profiling of serum and urine in lactating dairy cows
affected by subclinical ketosis using proton nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:247-261. [PMID: 35530404 PMCID: PMC9039949 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ketosis is associated with high milk yield during lactating or insufficient feed
intake in lactating dairy cows. However, few studies have been conducted on the
metabolomics of ketosis in Korean lactating dairy cows. The present study aimed
to investigate the serum and urine metabolites profiling of lactating dairy cows
through proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and
comparing those between healthy (CON) and subclinical ketosis (SCK) groups. Six
lactating dairy cows were categorized into CON and SCK groups. All experimental
Holstein cows were fed total mixed ration. Serum and urine samples were
collected from the jugular vein of the neck and by hand sweeping the perineum,
respectively. The metabolites in the serum and urine were determined using
1H-NMR spectroscopy. Identification and quantification of
metabolites was performed by Chenomx NMR Suite 8.4 software. Metabolites
statistical analysis was performed by Metaboanalyst version 5.0 program. In the
serum, the acetoacetate level was significantly (p <
0.05) higher in the SCK group than in the CON group, and whereas acetate,
galactose and pyruvate levels tended to be higher. CON group had significantly
(p < 0.05) higher levels of 5-aminolevulinate and
betaine. Indole-3-acetate, theophylline, p-cresol, 3-hydroxymandelate,
gentisate, N-acetylglucosamine,
N-nitrosodimethylamine, xanthine and pyridoxine levels were
significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the urine of the SCK
group than that in the CON group, which had higher levels of homogentisate,
ribose, gluconate, ethylene glycol, maltose, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate and
glycocholate. Some significantly (p < 0.05) different
metabolites in the serum and urine were associated with ketosis diseases,
inflammation, energy balance and body weight. This study will be contributed
useful a future ketosis metabolomics studies in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- University Centered Labs, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Youyoung Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21),
Gyeongsang National Universitiy, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Seong Uk Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21),
Gyeongsang National Universitiy, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe
Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National
University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- University Centered Labs, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21),
Gyeongsang National Universitiy, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Corresponding author: Sung Sill Lee, Division of
Applied Life Science (BK21) & Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea. Tel: +82-55-772-1883,
E-mail:
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Choi Y, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Eom JS, Jo SU, Guan LL, Seo J, Kim H, Lee SS, Lee SS. Effects of seaweed extracts on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, methane production, and microbial abundance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24092. [PMID: 34916562 PMCID: PMC8677731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several seaweed extracts have been reported to have potential antimethanogenic effects in ruminants. In this study, the effect of three brown seaweed species (Undaria pinnatifida, UPIN; Sargassum fusiforme, SFUS; and Sargassum fulvellum, SFUL) on rumen fermentation characteristics, total gas, methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) production, and microbial populations were investigated using an in vitro batch culture system. Seaweed extract and its metabolites, total flavonoid and polyphenol contents were identified and compared. For the in vitro batch, 0.25 mg∙mL-1 of each seaweed extract were used in 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of incubation. Seaweed extract supplementation decreased CH4 yield and its proportion to total gas production after 12, 24, and 48 h of incubation, while total gas production were not significantly different. Total volatile fatty acid and molar proportion of propionate increased with SFUS and SFUL supplementation after 24 h of incubation, whereas UPIN was not affected. Additionally, SFUS increased the absolute abundance of total bacteria, ciliate protozoa, fungi, methanogenic archaea, and Fibrobacter succinogenes. The relative proportions of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, and Prevotella ruminicola were lower with seaweed extract supplementation, whereas Anaerovibrio lipolytica increased. Thus, seaweed extracts can decrease CH4 production, and alter the abundance of rumen microbial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyoung Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Uk Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jakyeom Seo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbeen Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Eom JS, Kim ET, Kim HS, Choi YY, Lee SJ, Lee SS, Kim SH, Lee SS. Metabolomics comparison of serum and urine in dairy cattle using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1930-1939. [PMID: 33902181 PMCID: PMC8563233 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to conduct metabolic profiling of dairy cattle serum and urine using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and to compare the results obtained with those of other dairy cattle herds worldwide so as to provide a basic dataset to facilitate research on metabolites in serum and urine. METHODS Six dairy cattle were used in this study; all animals were fed the same diet, which was composed of total mixed ration; the fed amounts were based on voluntary intake. Blood from the jugular neck vein of each steer was collected at the same time using a separate serum tube. Urine samples were collected by hand sweeping the perineum. The metabolites were determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed by performing principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, variable importance in projection scores, and metabolic pathway data using Metaboanalyst 4.0. RESULTS The total number of metabolites in the serum and urine was measured to be 115 and 193, respectively, of which 47 and 81, respectively were quantified. Lactate (classified as an organic acid) and urea (classified as an aliphatic acylic compound) exhibited the highest concentrations in serum and urine, respectively. Some metabolites that have been associated with diseases such as ketosis, bovine respiratory disease, and metritis, and metabolites associated with heat stress were also found in the serum and urine samples. CONCLUSION The metabolites measured in the serum and urine could potentially be used to detect diseases and heat stress in dairy cattle. The results could also be useful for metabolomic research on the serum and urine of ruminants in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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11
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Metabolic Profiling of Rumen Fluid and Milk in Lactating Dairy Cattle Influenced by Subclinical Ketosis Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092526. [PMID: 34573491 PMCID: PMC8471376 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ketosis metabolic research is extremely rare in Korea. This study aimed to compare the rumen fluid and milk metabolites between healthy and subclinical ketosis-diagnosed lactating dairy cattle. Six Holstein cows were allocated into two groups based on whether they fit the criteria for subclinical ketosis, and their rumen fluid and milk samples were collected from the stomach tube and pipeline milking system. Rumen fluid and milk samples metabolites were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. They were identified and quantified using the Chenomx NMR Suite 8.4 software and statistical analysis was performed using Metaboanalyst 5.0. In rumen fluid, ruminant energy source metabolites (acetate, glucose, and propionate) were significantly higher in the healthy group, whereas in milk, ketone body metabolites (3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) were significantly higher in the subclinical ketosis-diagnosed group. This report will serve as a reference guide for future studies on ketosis metabolomics in Korea. Abstract Ketosis metabolic research on lactating dairy cattle has been conducted worldwide; however, there have been very few Korean studies. Biofluids from lactating dairy cattle are necessary to study ketosis metabolic diseases. Six Holstein cows were divided into two groups (healthy (CON) and subclinical ketosis diagnosed (SCK)). Rumen fluid and milk samples were collected using a stomach tube and a pipeline milking system, respectively. Metabolites were determined using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and they were identified and quantified using the Chenomx NMR Suite 8.4 software and Metaboanalyst 5.0. In the rumen fluid of the SCK group, butyrate, sucrose, 3-hydroxybutyrate, maltose, and valerate levels were significantly higher than in the CON group, which showed higher levels of N,N-dimethylformamide, acetate, glucose, and propionate were significantly higher. Milk from the SCK group showed higher levels of maleate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, galactonate, and 3-hydroxykynurenine than that from the CON group, which showed higher levels of galactitol, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, γ-glutamylphenylalanine, 5-aminolevulinate, acetate, and methylamine. Some metabolites are associated with ketosis diseases and the quality of rumen fluid and milk. This report will serve as a future reference guide for ketosis metabolomics studies in Korea.
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Malheiros JM, Correia BSB, Ceribeli C, Cardoso DR, Colnago LA, Junior SB, Reecy JM, Mourão GB, Coutinho LL, Palhares JCP, Berndt A, de Almeida Regitano LC. Comparative untargeted metabolome analysis of ruminal fluid and feces of Nelore steers (Bos indicus). Sci Rep 2021; 11:12752. [PMID: 34140582 PMCID: PMC8211696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a study to identify the fecal metabolite profile and its proximity to the ruminal metabolism of Nelore steers based on an untargeted metabolomic approach. Twenty-six Nelore were feedlot with same diet during 105 d. Feces and rumen fluid were collected before and at slaughter, respectively. The metabolomics analysis indicated 49 common polar metabolites in the rumen and feces. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate were the most abundant polar metabolites in both bio-samples. The rumen presented significantly higher concentrations of the polar compounds when compared to feces (P < 0.05); even though, fecal metabolites presented an accentuated representability of the ruminal fluid metabolites. All fatty acids present in the ruminal fluid were also observed in the feces, except for C20:2n6 and C20:4n6. The identified metabolites offer information on the main metabolic pathways (higher impact factor and P < 0.05), as synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies; the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolisms, the glycine, serine; and threonine metabolism and the pyruvate metabolism. The findings reported herein on the close relationship between the ruminal fluid and feces metabolic profiles may offer new metabolic information, in addition to facilitating the sampling for metabolism investigation in animal production and health routines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Ceribeli
- Chemistry Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo/USP, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Stanislau Bogusz Junior
- Chemistry Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo/USP, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James Mark Reecy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Gerson Barreto Mourão
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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