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Sánchez-Gil MA, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, De Leon-Oliva D, Boaru DL, De Castro-Martinez P, Camacho-Alcázar A, De León-Luis JA, Bravo C, Díaz-Pedrero R, López-Gonzalez L, Bujan J, Cancelo MJ, Álvarez-Mon M, García-Honduvilla N, Saez MA, Ortega MA. Exacerbated Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Placentas from Women Who Developed Chronic Venous Disease during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5528. [PMID: 38791563 PMCID: PMC11122606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous disease (CVD) comprises a spectrum of morphofunctional disorders affecting the venous system, affecting approximately 1 in 3 women during gestation. Emerging evidence highlights diverse maternofetal implications stemming from CVD, particularly impacting the placenta. While systemic inflammation has been associated with pregnancy-related CVD, preliminary findings suggest a potential link between this condition and exacerbated inflammation in the placental tissue. Inflammasomes are major orchestrators of immune responses and inflammation in different organs and systems. Notwithstanding the relevance of inflammasomes, specifically the NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3)- which has been demonstrated in the placentas of women with different obstetric complications, the precise involvement of this component in the placentas of women with CVD remains to be explored. This study employs immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) to examine the gene and protein expression of key components in both canonical and non-canonical pathways of the NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC-apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain-caspase 1, caspase 5, caspase 8, and interleukin 1β) within the placental tissue of women affected by CVD. Our findings reveal a substantial upregulation of these components in CVD-affected placentas, indicating a potential pathophysiological role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of this condition. Subsequent investigations should focus on assessing translational interventions addressing this dysregulation in affected patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Asunción Sánchez-Gil
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (A.C.-A.); (J.B.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- University Defense Center of Madrid (CUD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (A.C.-A.); (J.B.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (A.C.-A.); (J.B.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Diego De Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (A.C.-A.); (J.B.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Diego Liviu Boaru
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (A.C.-A.); (J.B.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Patricia De Castro-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (A.C.-A.); (J.B.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Adrían Camacho-Alcázar
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (A.C.-A.); (J.B.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Juan A. De León-Luis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.D.L.-L.); (C.B.)
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Bravo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.D.L.-L.); (C.B.)
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Díaz-Pedrero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Laura López-Gonzalez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- Pathological Anatomy Service, University Hospital Gómez-Ulla, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (A.C.-A.); (J.B.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - María J. Cancelo
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Guadalajara, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (A.C.-A.); (J.B.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Prince of Asturias, Networking Research Center on for Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (A.C.-A.); (J.B.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Miguel A. Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (A.C.-A.); (J.B.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- Pathological Anatomy Service, University Hospital Gómez-Ulla, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (A.C.-A.); (J.B.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
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Sánchez-Gil MA, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Toledo MDV, Guijarro LG, De León-Luis JA, Bravo C, Díaz-Pedrero R, López-Gonzalez L, Saez MA, Álvarez-Mon M, García-Honduvilla N, Ortega MA. Histopathological Clues of Enhanced Inflammation in the Placental Tissue of Women with Chronic Venous Disease in Lower Limbs during Pregnancy. J Pers Med 2024; 14:87. [PMID: 38248788 PMCID: PMC10821220 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that approximately one in three women develop chronic venous disease (CVD) during pregnancy, a broad spectrum of morphofunctional disorders affecting the venous system in different regions of the body, including the lower limbs. A growing body of evidence supports the diverse maternofetal consequences derived from this condition, with the placenta being an organ particularly affected. Among other consequences, having CVD during pregnancy has been associated with systemic inflammation and altered cytokines and chemokine profiles in the maternal and fetal serum related to this condition. In the present work, we aimed to analyze if these inflammatory changes also occurred in the placental tissue of women with CVD, exploring by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) gene and protein expression of critical inflammatory markers like allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1), interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-12A, and IL-18. Our results demonstrate an enhanced tissue expression of AIF-1, IL-12A, and IL-18, accompanied by a decrease in IL-10 in the placentas of women who had undergone CVD during pregnancy. Overall, our results suggest a possible pathophysiological role of inflammation in the placental tissue of women with CVD during pregnancy, although the precise consequences of this feature remain to be deeply analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Asunción Sánchez-Gil
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.V.T.); (L.G.G.); (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- University Defense Center of Madrid (CUD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.V.T.); (L.G.G.); (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.V.T.); (L.G.G.); (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - María Del Val Toledo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.V.T.); (L.G.G.); (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.V.T.); (L.G.G.); (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- Department of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (Networking Research Center on for Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD)), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan A. De León-Luis
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.D.L.-L.); (C.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Bravo
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.D.L.-L.); (C.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Díaz-Pedrero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.V.T.); (L.G.G.); (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura López-Gonzalez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.V.T.); (L.G.G.); (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.V.T.); (L.G.G.); (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- Pathological Anatomy Service, University Hospital Gómez-Ulla, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.V.T.); (L.G.G.); (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Prince of Asturias, Networking Research Center on for Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.V.T.); (L.G.G.); (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.S.-G.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.Á.-M.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.V.T.); (L.G.G.); (R.D.-P.); (L.L.-G.)
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Rodriguez-Martín S, Funes Moñux RM, Pekarek L, Bravo C, De Leon-Luis JA, Saez MA, Guijarro LG, Lahera G, Monserrat J, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Saz JV, Bujan J, García-Honduvilla N, Alvarez-Mon M, Alvarez-Mon MA. Women with psychotic episodes during pregnancy show increased markers of placental damage with Tenney-Parker changes. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:1109-1118. [PMID: 36916695 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Psychosis is a hazardous and functionally disruptive psychiatric condition which may affect women in pregnancy, entailing negative consequences for maternofetal well-being. The precise pathophysiological basis and consequences of a psychotic episode in pregnancy remain to be further elucidated. The placenta is a pivotal tissue with many functions in the gestational period, critically influencing the fate and development of pregnancy. Although detrimental alterations have been observed in women undergoing severe psychiatric disorders in pregnancy, there are little studies evaluating the consequences of suffering from a psychotic episode in the placental tissue In this work, we have evaluated the histopathological consequences of a first episode of psychosis in pregnancy (FE-PW; N=22) and compare them with healthy pregnant women (HC-PW; N=20) by using histological, immunohistochemical and gene expression techniques. Our results define that the placental tissue of FE-PW display an increase in the number of placental villi, bridges, syncytial knots and syncytial knots/villi. Besides, we have also observed an enhanced gene and protein expression in FE-PW of the hypoxic marker HIF-1α, together with the apoptotic markers BAX and Bcl-2. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating significant histopathological changes in the placenta of women suffering a new-onset psychotic episode in pregnancy. Further studies should be aimed at deepening the knowledge about the pernicious effects of psychosis in the maternofetal tissues, as well as the potential implications of these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Sonia Rodriguez-Martín
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Service of Pediatric, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Rosa M Funes Moñux
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Service of Pediatric, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Coral Bravo
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A De Leon-Luis
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Saez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Luis G Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (Imas 12)/CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose V Saz
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, CIBEREHD, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
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Liu G, Guo Q, Liu C, Bai J, Wang H, Li J, Liu D, Yu Q, Shi J, Liu C, Zhu C, Li B, Zhang H. Cytomodulin-10 modified GelMA hydrogel with kartogenin for in-situ osteochondral regeneration. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:317-333. [PMID: 37586447 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of osteochondral defect is increasing year by year, but there is still no widely accepted method for repairing the defect. Hydrogels loaded with bioactive molecules have provided promising alternatives for in-situ osteochondral regeneration. Kartogenin (KGN) is an effective and steady small molecule with the function of cartilage regeneration and protection which can be further boosted by TGF-β. However, the high cost, instability, and immunogenicity of TGF-β would limit its combined effect with KGN in clinical application. In this study, a composite hydrogel CM-KGN@GelMA, which contained TGF-β1 analog short peptide cytomodulin-10 (CM-10) and KGN, was fabricated. The results indicated that CM-10 modified on GelMA hydrogels exerted an equivalent role in enhancing chondrogenesis as TGF-β1, and this effect was also boosted when combined with KGN. Moreover, it was revealed that CM-10 and KGN had a synergistic effect on promoting the chondrogenesis of BMSCs by up-regulating the expression of RUNX1 and SOX9 at both mRNA and protein levels in vitro. Finally, the composite hydrogel exhibited a satisfactory osteochondral defect repair effect in vivo, showing similar structures close to the native tissue. Taken together, this study has revealed that CM-10 may serve as an alternative for TGF-β1 and can collaborate with KGN to accelerate chondrogenesis, which suggests that the fabricated CM-KGN@GelMA composite hydrogel can be acted as a potential scaffold for osteochondral defect regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Kartogenin and TGF-β have shown great value in promoting osteochondral defect regeneration, and their combined application can enhance the effect and show great potential for clinical application. Herein, a functional CM-KGN@GelMA hydrogel was fabricated, which was composed of TGF-β1 mimicking peptide CM-10 and KGN. CM-10 in hydrogel retained an activity like TGF-β1 to facilitate BMSC chondrogenesis and exhibited boosting chondrogenesis by up-regulating RUNX1 and SOX9 when being co-applied with KGN. In vivo, the hydrogel promoted cartilage regeneration and subchondral bone reconstruction, showing similar structures as the native tissue, which might be vital in recovering the bio-function of cartilage. Thus, this study developed an effective scaffold and provided a promising way for osteochondral defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China; Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421000, China
| | - Qianping Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Jianzhong Bai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Dachuan Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Qifan Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Jinhui Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Chengyuan Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China; Department of Spinal Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China.
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China.
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Ortega MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez Ó, De Leon-Oliva D, Boaru DL, Bravo C, De Leon-Luis JA, Saez MA, Asúnsolo A, Romero-Gerechter I, Sanz-Giancola A, Diaz-Pedrero R, Lopez-Gonzalez L, Guijarro LG, Barrena-Blázquez S, Bujan J, García-Honduvilla N, Alvarez-Mon M, Alvarez-Mon MÁ, Lahera G. Assessment of Tissue Expression of the Oxytocin-Vasopressin Pathway in the Placenta of Women with a First-Episode Psychosis during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10254. [PMID: 37373400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosis refers to a mental health condition characterized by a loss of touch with reality, comprising delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, disorganized behavior, catatonia, and negative symptoms. A first-episode psychosis (FEP) is a rare condition that can trigger adverse outcomes both for the mother and newborn. Previously, we demonstrated the existence of histopathological changes in the placenta of pregnant women who suffer an FEP in pregnancy. Altered levels of oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin (AVP) have been detected in patients who manifested an FEP, whereas abnormal placental expression of these hormones and their receptors (OXTR and AVPR1A) has been proven in different obstetric complications. However, the precise role and expression of these components in the placenta of women after an FEP have not been studied yet. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the gene and protein expression, using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC), of OXT, OXTR, AVP, and AVPR1a in the placental tissue of pregnant women after an FEP in comparison to pregnant women without any health complication (HC-PW). Our results showed increased gene and protein expression of OXT, AVP, OXTR, and AVPR1A in the placental tissue of pregnant women who suffer an FEP. Therefore, our study suggests that an FEP during pregnancy may be associated with an abnormal paracrine/endocrine activity of the placenta, which can negatively affect the maternofetal wellbeing. Nevertheless, additional research is required to validate our findings and ascertain any potential implications of the observed alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego De Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Liviu Boaru
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Bravo
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A De Leon-Luis
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Angel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ignacio Romero-Gerechter
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sanz-Giancola
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Raul Diaz-Pedrero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura Lopez-Gonzalez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Luis G Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Silvestra Barrena-Blázquez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, CIBEREHD, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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6
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Evidence of Increased Oxidative Stress in the Placental Tissue of Women Who Suffered an Episode of Psychosis during Pregnancy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010179. [PMID: 36671041 PMCID: PMC9854564 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosis is a complex clinical syndrome resulting in a loss of contact with reality and alterations in behavior and sensorial and motor functions. Although the onset of psychosis can be related to any medical condition, most cases of psychosis are not fully understood. Psychosis may manifest for the first time during pregnancy, which is detrimental to maternofetal well-being. The impact of having a first episode of psychosis during pregnancy on the placenta has not yet been explored. Oxidative stress is thought to take part in the etiopathogenesis of this complex disorder, and this condition can also affect the placenta as it is highly sensitive to changes in the maternal environment. In this sense, the aim of the present work was to study the gene and protein expression through RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively, of oxidative stress markers (NOX-1, NOX-2, iNOS, eNOS and PARP) in the placental tissue of women who underwent a first episode of psychosis during pregnancy (FE-PW) in comparison to healthy pregnant women. Our results showed augmented gene and protein expression of NOX-1, NOX-2, iNOS and PARP in the placental tissue of FE-PW. For the first time, we demonstrated that oxidative stress may have an important pathophysiological role in this tissue, aiding in explaining the impact of psychosis on pregnancy and the need for future studies in this field to guide better clinical management of these patients.
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The Placentas of Women Who Suffer an Episode of Psychosis during Pregnancy Have Increased Lipid Peroxidation with Evidence of Ferroptosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010120. [PMID: 36671505 PMCID: PMC9855415 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosis is a complex entity characterized by psychological, behavioral, and motor alterations resulting in a loss of contact with reality. Although it is not common, pregnancy can be a period in which a first episode of psychosis can manifest, entailing detrimental consequences for both the fetus and the mother. The pathophysiological basis and study of maternofetal wellbeing need to be further elucidated. Lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis are two phenomena that are tightly linked to the placental dysfunction commonly observed in different complications of pregnancy. In the present study, we aim to explore the histopathological and gene expression of different markers of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in the placentas of women who underwent a first episode of psychosis during their pregnancy (n = 22). The aim is to then compare them with healthy pregnant women (n = 20). In order to achieve this goal, iron deposits were studied using Prussian Blue staining. In addition, the protein/gene expression of a transferrin receptor (TFRC), as well as an acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL-4), arachidonate lipoxygenase-5 (ALOX-5), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were all analyzed through gene expression (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemical procedures. Our results demonstrate an increased presence of iron deposits that are accompanied by a further expression of TFRC, ACSL-4, ALOX-5, MDA, and GPX4-all of which are observed in the placenta tissue of women who have suffered from a first episode of psychosis. Therefore, in our study, a histopathological increase in lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis markers in the affected women is suggested. However, further studies are needed in order to validate our results and to establish possible consequences for the reported alterations.
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8
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García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Rodriguez-Martín S, Funes Moñux RM, Saz JV, Bravo C, De Leon-Luis JA, Ruiz-Minaya M, Pekarek L, Saez MA, García-Lledo A, Alvarez-Mon M, Bujan J, García-Honduvilla N, Ortega MA. Irregular Expression of Cellular Stress Response Markers in the Placenta of Women with Chronic Venous Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2277. [PMID: 36421463 PMCID: PMC9687130 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy comprises a period in a woman's life in which the circulatory system is subjected to hemodynamical and biochemical changes. During this period, while restructuring blood vessels and exchanging maternal-fetal products there is an increased risk of developing chronic venous disease (CVD), which may have an echo in life after childbirth for both mother and child. Previously, we investigated that pregnancy-associated CVD involves changes in placental architecture at angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and villi morphology compared with healthy controls (HC) with no history of CVD. We aimed to more deeply investigate the oxidative stress response in placenta from women with CVD versus HC through several markers (NRF2, KEAP1, CUL3, GSK-3β). An observational, analytical, and prospective cohort study was conducted on 114 women in their third trimester of pregnancy (32 weeks). A total of 62 participants were clinically diagnosed with CVD. In parallel, 52 controls with no history of CVD (HC) were studied. Gene and protein expressions of NRF2, KEAP1, CUL3, GSK-3β were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Nrf2 gene and protein expression was significantly greater in placental villi of women with CVD, while Keap1, CUL-3 and GSK-3β gene and protein expressions were significantly lower. Our results defined an aberrant gene and protein expression of Nrf2 and some of their main regulators Keap1, CUL-3 and GSK-3 β in the placenta of women with CVD, which could be an indicator of an oxidative environment observed in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Rodriguez-Martín
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Service of Pediatric, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Funes Moñux
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Service of Pediatric, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Jose V. Saz
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Coral Bravo
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A. De Leon-Luis
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ruiz-Minaya
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence—UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Lledo
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Cardiology Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, CIBEREHD, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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HPRT1 Most Suitable Reference Gene for Accurate Normalization of mRNA Expression in Canine Dermal Tissues with Radiation Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13111928. [DOI: 10.3390/genes13111928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reference genes are crucial in molecular biological studies as an internal control for gene re-search as they exhibit consistent expression patterns across many tissue types. In canines, radiation therapy is the most important therapeutic tool to cure various diseases like cancer. However, when using radiation for therapeutic strategy, radiation exposure to healthy tissues leads to some possible side effects such as acute radiation-induced skin injury and alters gene expression. Therefore, the analysis of a change in reference gene expression during the skin recovery process after radiation therapy is essential in healthy canine tissue. In the present study, we analyzed eight reference genes (ACTB, GAPDH, YWHAZ, GUSB, HPRT1, RPL4, RPS5, and TBP) in canine dermal tissues at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 weeks of radiation exposure that affected the skin condition of canines. The stability of reference genes is determined by evaluating radiation therapy’s effect on healthy canine dermal tissue. Epidermal marker, Keratin 10 expression varies each week after irradiation, and HPRT1 is found to be the most suitable for normalization of mRNA expression in radiation-exposed canine dermal tissues. Changes in the gene expression level were evaluated by using a reliable tool such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In order to achieve a valid qRT-PCR result, the most stable reference genes used for normalization after the radiation exposure process are important. Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate the most stable reference gene for the post-irradiation canine tissues. After radiation exposure, the alternation of reference gene expression was estimated by three algorithms (geNorm, Normfinder, and Bestkeeper). The RG validation programs (GeNorm and NormFinder) suggested that HPRT1, RPL4, and TBP were suitable for normalization in qRT-PCR. Furthermore, three algorithms suggested that HPRT1 was the most stable reference gene for normalization with qRT-PCR results, regardless of before and after radiation exposure. Whereas GAPDH was found to be the most unstable reference gene. In addition, the use of stable or unstable reference genes for the normalization of Keratin 10 expression showed statistical differences. Therefore, we observed that, to obtain accurate and suitable PCR results of the canine tissues with and without radiation exposure, the HPRT1 reference gene is recommended for normalization with its high stability. Additionally, the use of RGs such as HPRT1, RPL4, and TBP for normalization in qRT-PCR experiments is recommended for post-radiation canine tissues to generate more accurate and reliable data. These results will provide fundamental information regarding internal controls for gene expression studies and can be used for the analysis of gene patterns in regenerative medicine.
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10
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Sozoniuk M, Jamioł M, Kankofer M, Kowalczyk K. Reference gene selection in bovine caruncular epithelial cells under pregnancy-associated hormones exposure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12742. [PMID: 35882953 PMCID: PMC9325760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Examination of transcriptional regulation occurring during pregnancy establishment and maintenance requires the identification of endogenous reference genes characterized by high expression stability. Since the expression of some reference genes may be modulated by pregnancy-associated hormones, the goal of our study was to identify suitable reference genes unaffected by hormonal treatment. In our study bovine caruncular epithelial cells were subjected to progesterone, estrogen and prostaglandin F2α treatment. Ten candidate reference genes (ACTR1A, CNOT11, HDAC1, HPRT1, RPL19, RPS9, SDHA, SUZ12, UXT and ZNF131) were evaluated with the use of four approaches (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, delta Ct). We found that RPS9 and SUZ12 displayed the highest expression stability in the tested material. Moreover, HPRT1 and SDHA were found inappropriate for RT-qPCR data normalization as they demonstrated the highest expression variability out of all candidates analysed. Hence geNorm calculations shown that the use of just two best-performing genes would be sufficient for obtaining reliable results, we propose that RPS9 and SUZ12 be used as suitable endogenous controls in future studies investigating gene expression in normal and compromised pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sozoniuk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka Street 15, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Jamioł
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka Street 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marta Kankofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka Street 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kowalczyk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka Street 15, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
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Analysis of stability of reference genes for qPCR in bovine preadipocytes during proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Gene X 2022; 830:146502. [PMID: 35483498 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability of internal reference genes is crucial to the reliability of gene expression results using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Inappropriate reference genes may lead to inaccurate results or even wrong conclusions. This study aims to identify stable reference genes for analyzing the expression of proliferation-related and differentiation-inducing genes in bovine primary preadipocytes (BPPs) in vitro. In this study, the stability of 16 candidate internal reference genes (GAPDH, ACTB, PPIA, LRP10, HPRT1, YWHAZ, B2M, TBP, EIF3K, RPS9, UXT, 18S rRNA, RPLP0, MARVELD, EMD and RPS15A) for qRT-PCR at proliferation and differentiation stages of BPPs was investigated by three different algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper). The expression of two marker genes, PCNA and LPL, was used to determine the validity of the candidate reference genes (RGs) at the proliferation and differentiation stages, respectively. The results showed that GAPDH and RPS15A were the most stable RGs in the proliferation of bovine primary preadipocyte, while PPIA was the least stable internal reference gene. RPLP0 and EIF3K were the most stable RGs in the differentiation induction of bovine primary preadipocyte, while GAPDH was the least stable internal reference gene. This study of RGs laid the foundation for subsequent research into the mechanism of proliferation and differentiation of BPPs in vitro using qRT-PCR.
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12
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Screening and validation of reference genes for qRT-PCR of bovine skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5653. [PMID: 35383222 PMCID: PMC8983775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The accuracy of sixteen commonly used internal reference genes was assessed in skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells of Qinchuan cattle at different stages of proliferation and induction of differentiation to determine the most suitable ones. Quantitative real-time PCR and three commonly used algorithmic programs, GeNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper, were used to evaluate the stability of expression of the candidate internal reference genes (GAPDH, ACTB, PPIA, LRP10, HPRT1, YWHAZ, B2M, TBP, EIF3K , RPS9, UXT, 18S rRNA, RPLP0, MARVELD, EMD and RPS15A) in skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of growth and after differentiation for 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days. The expression of two satellite cell marker genes, CCNA2 and MYF5, was used for validation analysis. The results of the software analyses showed that GAPDH and RPS15A were the most stable reference gene combinations during in vitro proliferation of bovine skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells, RPS15A and RPS9 were the most stable reference gene combinations during in vitro induction of differentiation of the cells, and PPIA was the least stable reference gene during proliferation and differentiation and was not recommended. This study lays the foundation for the selection of reference genes for qRT-PCR during the proliferation and induction of differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells.
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Ortega MA, Chaowen C, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Saez MA, Cruza I, Pereda-Cerquella C, Alvarez-Mon MA, Guijarro LG, Fatych Y, Menor-Salván C, Alvarez-Mon M, De Leon-Luis J, Buján J, Garcia-Honduvilla N, Bravo C, Asúnsolo-del-Barco A. Chronic Venous Disease in Pregnant Women Causes an Increase in ILK in the Placental Villi Associated with a Decrease in E-Cadherin. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020277. [PMID: 35207765 PMCID: PMC8875350 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a multifactorial vascular disorder frequently manifested in lower limbs in the form of varicose veins (VVs). Women are a vulnerable population for suffering from CVD, especially during pregnancy, when a plethora of changes occur in their cardiovascular system. Previous studies have indicated a worrisome association between CVD in pregnancy with the placental structure and function. Findings include an altered cellular behavior and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a critical molecule involved in multiple physiological and pathological conditions, and together with cadherins, is essential to mediate cell to ECM and cell to cell interplay, respectively. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the implication of ILK and a set of cadherins (e-cadherin, cadherin-6 and cadherin-17) in placentas of women with CVD in order to unravel the possible pathophysiological role of these components. Gene expression (RT-qPCR) and protein expression (immunohistochemistry) studies were performed. Our results show a significant increase in the gene and protein expression of ILK, cadherin-6 and cadherin-17 and a decrease of e-cadherin in the placenta of women with CVD. Overall, this work shows that an abnormal expression of ILK, e-cadherin, cadherin-6 and cadherin-17 may be implicated in the pathological changes occurring in the placental tissue. Further studies should be conducted to determine the possible associations of these changes with maternal and fetal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.O.); (C.B.); Tel.: +34-91-885-45-40 (M.A.O.); Fax: +34-91-885-48-85 (M.A.O.)
| | - Chen Chaowen
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
| | - Miguel A. Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH, 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Cruza
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
| | - Claude Pereda-Cerquella
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (Y.F.); (C.M.-S.)
| | - Yuliia Fatych
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (Y.F.); (C.M.-S.)
| | - César Menor-Salván
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (Y.F.); (C.M.-S.)
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, CIBEREHD, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan De Leon-Luis
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
| | - Natalio Garcia-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
| | - Coral Bravo
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.O.); (C.B.); Tel.: +34-91-885-45-40 (M.A.O.); Fax: +34-91-885-48-85 (M.A.O.)
| | - Angel Asúnsolo-del-Barco
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
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