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Effects of Omega-3-Rich Pork Lard on Serum Lipid Profile and Gut Microbiome in C57BL/6NJ Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:9269968. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9269968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims. Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of consuming omega-3-rich pork lard on the serum lipid profile and gut microbiome of the mice model. Methods and Results. We divided 23 C57BL/6NJ males (16-week-old) into 3 groups, and each group received either a control diet, a high-fat diet of coconut oil (coconut oil), or a high-fat diet of omega-3-rich pork lard (omega lard) for 28 days. Thereafter, fasting serum lipids and fecal microbiomes were analyzed. The serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels of the omega lard-treated group were significantly reduced compared to the coconut oil-treated group (
). However, the microbiome analysis revealed a significant increase in the abundance of Lachnospiraceae in the omega lard-treated group compared to the coconut oil-treated group (
). Furthermore, Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the increased serum lipid content was positively correlated with the abundance of Bacteroidaceae (
) and negatively correlated with the abundance of Lachnospiraceae (
). Conclusions. These findings suggested that omega-3-rich pork lard altered the serum lipid profile and gut microbiome in the mice model. Practical Application. The excellent protection offered by omega-3-rich pork lard against hyperlipidemia indicated that pork lard could be used as alternative cooking oil for health-conscious individuals. It could also be introduced as a functional ingredient for patients with hyperlipidemia.
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Dang DX, Kim IH. Coated refined fish oil supplementation improves growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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SureshKumar S, Seok WJ, Ha SH, Jin SG, Kim IH. Supplemental effect of coated refined fish oil on the performance of finishing pigs fed diets containing soybean-meal as a partial alternative to barley or wheat feed ingredient. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A total of 195 finishing pigs with an average body weight of 78.65 ± 0.09 kg were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments in a 28 days trial. The designated nutritional diets were as follows: CON; TRT1- CON + 0.2% coated refined fish oil; TRT2- CON + 10% barley + 0.2% coated refined fish oil. The inclusion of coated refined fish oil with the barley-based diet significantly increased body weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of finishing pigs throughout the experimental period. At the end of the experiment, pigs fed coated refined fish oil with the barley-based diet showed a significant improvement on nutrient digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen. Moreover, gas emission of NH3 and H2S concentration were significantly reduced. Also, drip loss during days 5 and 7 was significantly decreased in meat quality analysis of pigs fed coated refined fish oil supplemented to a barley-based diet. Furthermore, dietary coated refined fish oil with barley-based diet had significantly increased fatty acid profile of belly meat and reduced belly fat. In summary, the inclusion of coated refined fish oil with barley diet positively impacts on growth performance and nutritional values of meat quality in finishing pigs
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Affiliation(s)
- S SureshKumar
- Dankook University Department of Animal Resources Science, 477893, Department of Animal Resource, and Science, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Woo Jong Seok
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, 65383, Cheonan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seung Ho Ha
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, 65383, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Sung Giu Jin
- Dankook University, 34937, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Yongin, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - In Ho Kim
- Dankook University - Cheonan Campus, 65383, Department of Animal Resource and Science, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea (the Republic of)
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Haubold S, Kröger-Koch C, Tuchscherer A, Kanitz E, Weitzel JM, Hoeflich A, Starke A, Tröscher A, Sauerwein H, Hammon HM. Effects of a combined essential fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid abomasal infusion on metabolic and endocrine traits, including the somatotropic axis, in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:12069-12082. [PMID: 32981718 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the effects of essential fatty acids (EFA), particularly α-linolenic acid (ALA), and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on metabolic and endocrine traits related to energy metabolism, including the somatotropic axis, in mid-lactation dairy cows. Four cows (126 ± 4 d in milk) were used in a dose-escalation study design and were abomasally infused with coconut oil (CTRL; 38.3 g/d; providing saturated fatty acids), linseed and safflower oils (EFA; 39.1 and 1.6 g/d; n-6:n-3 FA ratio = 1:3), Lutalin (CLA; cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA, 4.6 g/d of each), or EFA and CLA (EFA+CLA) for 6 wk. The initial dosage was doubled twice after 2 wk, resulting in 3 dosages (dosages 1, 2, and 3). Each cow received each fat treatment at different times. Cows were fed with a corn silage-based total mixed ration providing a low-fat content and a high n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio. Plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones (insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins only on wk 0 and 6) were analyzed at wk 0, 2, 4, and 6 of each treatment period. Liver biopsies were taken before starting the trial and at wk 6 of each treatment period to measure hepatic mRNA abundance of genes linked to glucose, cholesterol and lipid metabolism, and the somatotropic axis. The changes in the milk and blood fatty acid patterns and lactation performance of these cows have already been published in a companion paper. The plasma concentration of total cholesterol increased with dosage in all groups, except CLA, reaching the highest levels in EFA+CLA and CTRL compared with CLA. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol plasma concentration increased in CTRL and was higher than that in EFA and CLA, whereas the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in a dose-dependent manner in EFA and EFA+CLA, and was higher than that in CLA. Hepatic mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA synthase 1 was upregulated in all groups but was highest in EFA+CLA. Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1 tended to be lowest due to EFA treatment, whereas expression of long chain acyl-CoA-synthetase was lower in EFA than in CTRL. Hepatic mRNA expression of GHR1A tended to be higher in EFA+CLA than in CTRL. The plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor I increased in CLA, and the plasma IGFBP-2 concentration was lower in EFA+CLA than in CTRL at wk 6. The plasma concentration of adiponectin decreased in EFA+CLA up to dosage 2. Plasma concentrations of albumin and urea were lower in CLA than in CTRL throughout the experimental period. Supplementation with EFA and CLA affected cholesterol and lipid metabolism and their regulation differently, indicating distinct stimulation after the combined EFA and CLA treatment. The decreased IGFBP-2 plasma concentration and upregulated hepatic mRNA abundance of GHR1A in EFA+CLA-supplemented cows indicated the beneficial effect of the combined EFA and CLA treatment on the somatotropic axis in mid-lactation dairy cows. Moreover, supplementation with CLA might affect protein metabolism in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haubold
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C Kröger-Koch
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - E Kanitz
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - J M Weitzel
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology of Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Starke
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - H M Hammon
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Sun HY, Yun HM, Kim IH. Effects of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio on growth performance, apparent digestibility, blood lipid profiles, fecal microbiota, and meat quality in finishing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary omega-6 (n-6) to omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on growth performance, digestibility, blood lipid profiles, fecal microbial counts, and meat quality in finishing pigs were examined by using linseed and fish oil. A total of 140 crossbred finishing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] were used in a 10 wk trial. Pigs were blocked based on body weight (BW) and sex and randomly allotted to four dietary treatments formulated to have n-6/n-3 ratios of 5/1, 10/1, 15/1, and 17/1 (control). Throughout the experiment, BW, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake were significantly (P < 0.05) increased with a decreased ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA. Energy digestibility and fecal Lactobacillus count showed a linear (P < 0.05) increase in week 10. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood triglyceride concentrations increased (P < 0.1) during week 10. However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced (P < 0.05) linearly during week 5 and week 10 with a reduction in dietary n-6/n-3 ratio. This study provides a basis for future research on altering n-6/n-3 ratio by using linseed oil and refined fish oil in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang Sun
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea
| | - Hyeok Min Yun
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31116, Korea
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Nutritional strategies to improve the lipid composition of meat, with emphasis on Thailand and Asia. Meat Sci 2016; 120:157-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Morel PC, Leong J, Nuijten WG, Purchas RW, Wilkinson BH. Effect of lipid type on growth performance, meat quality and the content of long chain n−3 fatty acids in pork meat. Meat Sci 2013; 95:151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Botsoglou E, Govaris A, Pexara A, Ambrosiadis I, Fletouris D. Effect of dietary olive leaves (Olea europaeaL.) on lipid and protein oxidation of refrigerated storedn-3-enriched pork. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evropi Botsoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Thessaly; 43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - Alexander Govaris
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Thessaly; 43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - Andreana Pexara
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Thessaly; 43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - Ioannis Ambrosiadis
- Department of Hygiene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University; 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Dimitrios Fletouris
- Department of Hygiene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University; 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
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Khiaosa-ard R, Chungsiriwat P, Chommanart N, Kreuzer M, Jaturasitha S. Enrichment withn-3 fatty acid by tuna oil feeding of pigs: changes in composition and properties of bacon and different sausages as affected by the supplementation period. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas10055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Khiaosa-ard R., Chungsiriwat P., Chommanart N., Kreuzer M. and Jaturasitha S. 2011. Enrichment with n-3 fatty acid by tuna oil feeding of pigs: changes in composition and properties of bacon and different sausages as affected by the supplementation period. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 87–95. Belly, lean from the shoulder and backfat obtained from 80 pigs, fed either no or 1.6 kg tuna oil during fattening (35–90 kg body weight), were used to prepare bacon, Chinese-style sausage and Vienna-style sausage. The tuna oil had been supplemented either initially, at the end, or continuously during fattening. In all meat products, tuna oil supplementation clearly increased contents of n-3 fatty acids (FA), especially of the long-chain n-3 FA. Differences among supplementation periods were pronounced only in the n-3 FA proportion of total FA being lower with early tuna oil feeding. Thiobarbituric acid value, which was high in dry Chinese-style sausage, was mostly enhanced by tuna oil, whereas the period of tuna oil supplementation had no systematic influence. In conclusion, any mode of tuna oil supplementation investigated was efficient in enriching n-3 FA, but care should be taken in producing dry sausages due to their susceptibility to rancidity during storage time.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Khiaosa-ard
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitaetstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P. Chungsiriwat
- Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Bangkok 10500, Thailand
| | - N. Chommanart
- Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Bangkok 10500, Thailand
| | - M. Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitaetstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S. Jaturasitha
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Fish oil in feeds for entire male and female pigs: changes in muscle fatty acid composition and stability of sensory quality. Meat Sci 2010; 85:182-90. [PMID: 20374883 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A total of 72 crossbred [(Norwegian Landrace x Yorkshire) x Duroc] male and female growing-finishing pigs were restrictedly fed diets containing fish oil to study the fatty acid composition of Musculus longissimusdorsi and sensory quality of belly and neck. Six diets were used: two low-fat diets with or without 0.5% fish oil added, and four medium-fat diets with palm kernel oil to fish oil in ratios given as % inclusion: 4.1:0.0, 3.9:0.3, 3.6:0.5 and 3.4:0.7. Feeding fish oil gave a dose-dependent response between fatty acids in the diets and in the M.longissimusdorsi and increased the level of very long chain n-3 fatty acids, especially the C22:5n-3 (DPA). A more efficient n-3 fatty acids deposition was obtained when given as a medium-fat diet rather than the low-fat diet. Female pigs had a significant higher percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids and C18:1 than males suggesting a gender related difference in the delta-9-desaturase activity. No significant differences were found in sensory attributes for short-term stored neck and belly. For pigs fed the highest level of fish oil (0.7%) long-term stored (12 months at -80 degrees C, 6 months at -20 degrees C) belly showed a slight increase in fish oil flavour. After warmed-over treatment, fish oil odour and flavour as well as rancid flavour were increased in this group. The results suggest levels of dietary fish oil up to 0.5% produce a healthier meat fatty acid composition, without negative effects on sensory attributes, even in long-termed stored belly.
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Metabolism, Health, and Nutrition and for Modified Animal Product Foods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jaturasitha S, Khiaosa-ard R, Pongpiachan P, Kreuzer M. Early deposition of n-3 fatty acids from tuna oil in lean and adipose tissue of fattening pigs is mainly permanent1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:693-703. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-0863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jaturasitha S, Srikanchai T, Kreuzer M. Efficiency of Tuna Oil to Modify Meat Quality and Fatty Acid Profile in Pork as Affected by Gender and Slaughter Weight. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2007.9706862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Janz JAM, Morel PCH, Wilkinson BHP, Purchas RW. Preliminary investigation of the effects of low-level dietary inclusion of fragrant essential oils and oleoresins on pig performance and pork quality. Meat Sci 2006; 75:350-5. [PMID: 22063669 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2005] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the tissue characteristics of monogastric species are readily influenced by the composition of the feeds they consume, the objectives of this preliminary study were to assess the performance of finisher pigs on diets containing 0.05% of essential oils or oleoresins of rosemary, garlic, oregano, or ginger, and to determine the effect of these diets on pork quality. The pigs preferred the garlic-treated diet, and feed intake and average daily gain were significantly increased although no difference in feed efficiency was observed. Carcass and meat quality attributes were unchanged by dietary treatment, although a tendency towards reduction of lipid oxidation was noted in oregano-fed pork. Sensory panelists were unable to detect a flavour/aroma difference between treated and control pork. These results indicate that a higher level of dietary supplementation may be required in order to effect observable differences in pork characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A M Janz
- Food Processing Development Centre, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Main Floor, 6309-45 Street, Leduc, AB, Canada T9E 7C5; Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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