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Shamas J, Zuberi A, Khan MA, Gul S, Ali M, Kamran M. Optimization of inclusion level of lipid in larval diet of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01344-3. [PMID: 38635145 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Formulation and preparation of larval feed according to the requirement of Indian major carp is a prerequisite for improving the survival (%) and growth during early developmental stages. A feeding trial of 50 days in a replicate of five was conducted to determine the optimal inclusion levels of fish oil (lipid) in the larval diet of Labeo rohita. Four isonitrogenous (50% CP) nanoparticulate diets with four lipid inclusion levels, L5 (5%), L7 (7%), L9 (9%), and L11 (11%) were prepared and fed to four groups of rohu (Labeo rohita) larvae. At the end of feeding trial, survival (%), growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, gut morphology, and expression of growth and feed intake genes were evaluated. All pairwise comparisons among groups indicated higher growth performance (weight gain, specific growth rate, and daily weight gain), survival (%), and IGF-1 gene expression of the L9 group followed by the L7 while the L11 showed poor performance even less than L5. All studied intestinal enzymes except amylase showed a similar trend. Amylase showed comparable results among L7, L9, and L5, while L11 showed the lowest value. The intestinal villi length also showed higher values in L9 followed by L7, and lowest in the L11 group. Feed intake regulating genes, leptin showed lipid inclusion level upregulation, while ghrelin showed the highest expression in the L9 group. Based on growth performance, gut morphology, intestinal enzyme activity, and gene expression analysis, 9% dietary lipid could be recommended to ensure the optimum growth and survival of L. rohita larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Shamas
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Program, Department of Zoology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Amina Zuberi
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Program, Department of Zoology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aleem Khan
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Program, Department of Zoology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shanza Gul
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Program, Department of Zoology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mashooq Ali
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Program, Department of Zoology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Program, Department of Zoology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858-4353, USA
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Siddiqua KS, Khan MA. Replacement of Fish Oil With Groundnut Oil for Developing Sustainable Feeds for Labeo rohita Fingerling. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.862054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Groundnut oil (GO) is one of the most widely available vegetable oils (VOs) in India and throughout the world, with a global production of 6.12 million metric tons in the year 2020–2021. GO contains phytochemicals and antioxidants with a longer shelf life. Because of these benefits, GO can produce durable, low-cost, and sustainable aquaculture feeds. To evaluate the nutritional efficacy and possibility of replacing fish oil (FO) with GO, this experiment was carried out to test the effects of partial or total substitution of dietary FO by GO on the growth performance, carcass composition, antioxidant capacity, lysozyme activity, muscle fatty acid composition, and filet nutritional quality in Labeo rohita fingerling. Induced bred healthy rohu fingerlings (4.84 ± 0.13 g) were fed six isonitrogenous (400 g kg−1) and isolipidic (97 g kg−1) casein- and gelatin-containing purified diets, wherein the FO was gradually replaced by 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% GO. Fishes were stocked randomly in triplicate groups of 30 fish per tank and fed at 08:00, 12:00, and 16:00 h to apparent satiety for 8 weeks. The results showed that FO replacement with GO did not affect the growth but decreased the eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, and n-3/n-6 ratio in the muscle of rohu fingerlings. The antioxidant capacity and lysozyme activity improved up to 60% replacement of FO with GO in diet and then declined (P > 0.05) upon further inclusion of GO in diets. Although the atherogenicity, thrombogenicity indices, and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (H/H) ratio did not change significantly among all the muscle samples, the highest filet lipid quality (FLQ) value was found in fish receiving a 100% FO diet. Further inclusion of dietary GO decreased the filet H/H ratio and FLQ value. In summary, replacing FO with GO at a higher level had negative consequences on the filet nutritional quality of rohu fingerlings. Therefore, FO can be replaced by GO in formulated feeds to a level of 60% without hampering the growth, antioxidant capacity, and lysozyme activity and to avoid degrading the nutritional quality of fish filet.
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Jimoh MO, Afolayan AJ, Lewu FB. Nutrients and antinutrient constituents of Amaranthus caudatus L. Cultivated on different soils. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3570-3580. [PMID: 33304168 PMCID: PMC7715444 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated variations in the concentration of nutrients, antinutrients and mineral content of Amaranthus caudatus harvested from different soil types at various stages of maturity. Four out the five soils namely; sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, clayey loam and loam were experimentally formulated from primary particles of silt, clay and sand in line with the United State Department of Agriculture's (USDA) soil triangle protocol. The unfractionated soil was used as the control. After harvesting at pre-flowering (61 days after planting), flowering (71 days after planting) and post-flowering (91 days after planting) stages, nutrient and antinutrient analyses were carried out following Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and other referenced methods while the Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission Spectrometer was used to determine mineral compositions of the plant samples. The results of the study revealed that particle size and physicochemical properties of the soil influenced the number of minerals deposited in plant tissues. It was further observed that the nutritional properties of the plant change as plant ages. For an optimal yield of vitamins A and E, clayey loam proved to be the best soil particularly when A. caudatus is harvested before flowering but for vitamin C, sandy clayey loam yielded the highest output at the same stage. Similarly, clayey loam and loam soils yielded the highest proximate compositions at flowering and pre-flowering; however, mineral elements (micro and macro) were highest in control and loam soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhali Olaide Jimoh
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, Bellville 7537, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anthony Jide Afolayan
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Francis Bayo Lewu
- Department of Agriculture, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington Campus, Wellington 7654, Cape Town, South Africa
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