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Zhao KN, Dimeski G, Masci P, Johnson L, Wang J, de Jersey J, Grant M, Lavin MF. Generation of Rapid and High-Quality Serum by Recombinant Prothrombin Activator Ecarin (RAPClot™). Biomolecules 2024; 14:645. [PMID: 38927049 PMCID: PMC11201583 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the potential application of recombinant prothrombin activator ecarin (RAPClot™) in blood diagnostics. In a new study, we describe RAPClot™ as an additive to develop a novel blood collection prototype tube that produces the highest quality serum for accurate biochemical analyte determination. The drying process of the RAPClot™ tube generated minimal effect on the enzymatic activity of the prothrombin activator. According to the bioassays of thrombin activity and plasma clotting, γ-radiation (>25 kGy) resulted in a 30-40% loss of the enzymatic activity of the RAPClot™ tubes. However, a visual blood clotting assay revealed that the γ-radiation-sterilized RAPClot™ tubes showed a high capacity for clotting high-dose heparinized blood (8 U/mL) within 5 min. This was confirmed using Thrombelastography (TEG), indicating full clotting efficiency under anticoagulant conditions. The storage of the RAPClot™ tubes at room temperature (RT) for greater than 12 months resulted in the retention of efficient and effective clotting activity for heparinized blood in 342 s. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of the RAPClot™ tubes sterilized with an electron-beam (EB) was significantly greater than that with γ-radiation. The EB-sterilized RAPClot™ tubes stored at RT for 251 days retained over 70% enzyme activity and clotted the heparinized blood in 340 s after 682 days. Preliminary clinical studies revealed in the two trials that 5 common analytes (K, Glu, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), Fe, and Phos) or 33 analytes determined in the second study in the γ-sterilized RAPClot™ tubes were similar to those in commercial tubes. In conclusion, the findings indicate that the novel RAPClot™ blood collection prototype tube has a significant advantage over current serum or lithium heparin plasma tubes for routine use in measuring biochemical analytes, confirming a promising application of RAPClot™ in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong-Nan Zhao
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia (L.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Goce Dimeski
- Chemical Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Masci
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia (L.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Lambro Johnson
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia (L.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia (L.J.); (J.W.)
| | - John de Jersey
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Michael Grant
- Q-Sera Pty Ltd., Level 9, 31 Queen St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Martin F. Lavin
- Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia (L.J.); (J.W.)
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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