1
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Fernández S, Solórzano JL, Díaz E, Menéndez V, Maestre L, Palacios S, López M, Colmenero A, Estévez M, Montalbán C, Martínez Á, Roncador G, García JF. JAK/STAT blockade reverses the malignant phenotype of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. Blood Adv 2023; 7:4135-4147. [PMID: 36459489 PMCID: PMC10407154 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the JAK/STAT pathway is a common phenomenon in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). The clinical potential of anti-JAK/STAT therapy is being explored in early-stage clinical trials. Notwithstanding, very little information is available about the complex biological consequences of this blockade. Here, we investigated the effects of JAK/STAT pharmacological inhibition on cHL cell models using ruxolitinib, a JAK 1/2 inhibitor that induces apoptosis by concentration- and time-dependent mechanisms. An unbiased whole-transcriptome approach identified expression of the anti-GCSF receptor (CSF3R) as a potential surrogate biomarker of JAK/STAT overactivation. In addition, longitudinal gene expression analyses provided further mechanistic information about pertinent biological pathways involved, including 37 gene pathways distributed in 3 main clusters: cluster 1 was characterized by upregulation of the G2/M checkpoint and major histocompatibility complex-related clusters; 2 additional clusters (2 and 3) showed a progressive downregulation of the tumor-promoting inflammation signatures: JAK/STAT and interleukin 1 (IL-1)/IL-4/IL-13/IL-17. Together, our results confirm the therapeutic potential of JAK/STAT inhibitors in cHL, identify CSF3R as a new biomarker, and provide supporting genetic data and mechanistic understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández
- Translational Research Laboratory, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L. Solórzano
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Díaz
- Translational Research Laboratory, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Menéndez
- Translational Research Laboratory, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Maestre
- Monoclonal Antibodies Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Palacios
- Translational Research Laboratory, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar López
- Translational Research Laboratory, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Argentina Colmenero
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Eurofins-Megalab, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Estévez
- Department of Hematology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Montalbán
- Department of Hematology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Martínez
- Cytogenetic Unit, Eurofins-Megalab, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanna Roncador
- Monoclonal Antibodies Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F. García
- Translational Research Laboratory, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Argirion I, Pfeiffer RM, Proietti C, Coghill AE, Yu KJ, Middeldorp JM, Sarathkumara YD, Hsu WL, Chien YC, Lou PJ, Wang CP, Rothman N, Lan Q, Chen CJ, Mbulaiteye SM, Jarrett RF, Glimelius I, Smedby KE, Hjalgrim H, Hildesheim A, Doolan DL, Liu Z. Comparative Analysis of the Humoral Immune Response to the EBV Proteome across EBV-Related Malignancies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:687-696. [PMID: 36788424 PMCID: PMC10159936 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is linked to multiple cancers, including classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL). METHODS Anti-EBV IgG and IgA antibody responses targeting 202 sequences from 86 EBV proteins were measured using the same EBV whole proteome array across four case-control studies investigating EBV-positive cHL, eBL, NPC, and NKTCL (407 cases/620 controls). We grouped EBV-targeted antibodies into pathways by immunoglobulin type (IgA and IgG) and life-cycle stage (latent, immediate early lytic, early lytic, late lytic, and glycoprotein) and evaluated their association with each cancer type. In an additional analysis, we focused on the subset of 46 individual antibodies representing the top candidates for each cancer and compared their associations across the four cancer types using multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS IgA antibody responses targeting all EBV life-cycle stages were associated with NPC but limited to anti-early lytic stage for cHL. NPC and eBL were associated with IgG antibodies across the viral life cycle; cHL with antibodies in the early lytic, late lytic and glycoprotein stages; and NKTCL with antibodies in the latent, immediate early lytic and early lytic phases. EBNA3A, BBLF1, BDLF4, and BLRF2 IgG antibodies were associated with all cancer types. CONCLUSIONS Our observed similarities and differences across four EBV-associated cancers may inform EBV-related oncogenesis. IMPACT Understanding the comparative humoral immune response across EBV-related cancers may aid in identifying shared etiologic roles of EBV proteins and inform unique pathogenic processes for each cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Argirion
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carla Proietti
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna E. Coghill
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kelly J. Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Yomani D. Sarathkumara
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Master Program of Big Data in Biomedicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Data Science Center, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chu Chien
- Genomics Research Center, Academica Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ping Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academica Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Prevention Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sam M. Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ruth F. Jarrett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin E. Smedby
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Denise L. Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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3
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Gomez K, Schiavoni G, Nam Y, Reynier JB, Khamnei C, Aitken M, Palmieri G, Cossu A, Levine A, van Noesel C, Falini B, Pasqualucci L, Tiacci E, Rabadan R. Genomic landscape of virus-associated cancers. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.14.23285775. [PMID: 36824731 PMCID: PMC9949223 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.23285775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It has been estimated that 15%-20% of human cancers are attributable to infections, mostly by carcinogenic viruses. The incidence varies worldwide, with a majority affecting developing countries. Here, we present a comparative analysis of virus-positive and virus-negative tumors in nine cancers linked to five viruses. We find that virus-positive tumors occur more frequently in males and show geographical disparities in incidence. Genomic analysis of 1,658 tumors reveals virus-positive tumors exhibit distinct mutation signatures and driver gene mutations and possess a lower somatic mutation burden compared to virus-negative tumors of the same cancer type. For example, compared to the respective virus-negative counterparts, virus-positive cases across different cancer histologies had less often mutations of TP53 and deletions of 9p21.3/ CDKN2 A- CDKN1A ; Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV+) gastric cancer had more frequent mutations of EIF4A1 and ARID1A and less marked mismatch repair deficiency signatures; and EBV-positive cHL had fewer somatic genetic lesions of JAK-STAT, NF-κB, PI3K-AKT and HLA-I genes and a less pronounced activity of the aberrant somatic hypermutation signature. In cHL, we also identify germline homozygosity in HLA class I as a potential risk factor for the development of EBV-positive Hodgkin lymphoma. Finally, an analysis of clinical trials of PD-(L)1 inhibitors in four virus-associated cancers suggested an association of viral infection with higher response rate in patients receiving such treatments, which was particularly evident in gastric cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. These results illustrate the epidemiological, genetic, prognostic, and therapeutic trends across virus-associated malignancies.
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4
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Patel PD, Alghareeb R, Hussain A, Maheshwari MV, Khalid N. The Association of Epstein-Barr Virus With Cancer. Cureus 2022; 14:e26314. [PMID: 35911302 PMCID: PMC9314235 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is classified as a herpesvirus and is known for being one of the few viruses that can lead to the development of cancer. This study has gathered several studies to provide evidence as to this association as well as some of the mechanisms specific to EBV that allow this to happen. The development of EBV into cancer as well as the proteins involved in this oncogenesis play a crucial role in understanding this problem as well as creating a solution for mitigating this disease process in the future. This study summarized three of the most common malignancies caused by EBV in order to consolidate information about each of them. Additional emphasis was placed on finding which EBV serum markers were seen to be most indicative of prognosis and likelihood of developing malignancy. Higher serum EBV viral DNA loads were seen to be a useful indicator in assessing the risk of various cancers and should be studied further in relation to cancers that were not mentioned in this review.
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5
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Macrophage Infiltration Correlates with Genomic Instability in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030579. [PMID: 35327381 PMCID: PMC8945507 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a biologically diverse group of lymphoid tumors, which accounts for 1% of all de novo neoplasms in the world’s population. It is divided into two main groups: the more common classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and the less common nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL). cHL is further divided into four subtypes, which differ in morphology and the contents of tumor microenvironment. Macrophages are one of the components of tumor microenvironment known to contribute to creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which inhibits the activity of cells expressing granzyme B against tumor cells, even when tumor cells are infected with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Our research aimed to explore the association between the specific contents of tumor microenvironment and the genetic anomalies in tumor cells. The presence and the relative percentage of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and macrophages was detected by immunohistochemical staining of the antigens specific for certain cell populations. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to detect anomalies in the genome of tumor cells and in situ hybridization was used to detect the presence of EBV. Our results show an association between the number of CD163+ macrophages and the number of TP53 copies or BCL6 gene translocation. Patients who had a higher number of CD163+ macrophages infiltrating tumor tissue and three or higher number of copies of TP53 showed poorer survival. We conclude that the presence of macrophages may contribute to genetic instability in cHL, which drives the progression of cHL and decreases survival of the patients.
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6
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Godfrey A, Osborn K, Sinclair AJ. Interaction sites of the Epstein-Barr virus Zta transcription factor with the host genome in epithelial cells. Access Microbiol 2022; 3:000282. [PMID: 35018326 PMCID: PMC8742585 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is present in a state of latency in infected memory B-cells and EBV-associated lymphoid and epithelial cancers. Cell stimulation or differentiation of infected B-cells and epithelial cells induces reactivation to the lytic replication cycle. In each cell type, the EBV transcription and replication factor Zta (BZLF1, EB1) plays a role in mediating the lytic cycle of EBV. Zta is a transcription factor that interacts directly with Zta response elements (ZREs) within viral and cellular genomes. Here we undertake chromatin-precipitation coupled to DNA-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) of Zta-associated DNA from cancer-derived epithelial cells. The analysis identified over 14 000 Zta-binding sites in the cellular genome. We assessed the impact of lytic cycle reactivation on changes in gene expression for a panel of Zta-associated cellular genes. Finally, we compared the Zta-binding sites identified in this study with those previously identified in B-cells and reveal substantial conservation in genes associated with Zta-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Godfrey
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Kay Osborn
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
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7
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Hong T, Parameswaran S, Donmez OA, Miller D, Forney C, Lape M, Saint Just Ribeiro M, Liang J, Edsall LE, Magnusen AF, Miller W, Chepelev I, Harley JB, Zhao B, Kottyan LC, Weirauch MT. Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 extensively rewires the human chromatin landscape at autoimmune risk loci. Genome Res 2021; 31:2185-2198. [PMID: 34799401 PMCID: PMC8647835 DOI: 10.1101/gr.264705.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between environmental and genetic factors plays a key role in the development of many autoimmune diseases. In particular, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an established contributor to multiple sclerosis, lupus, and other disorders. Previously, we showed that the EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) transactivating protein occupies up to half of the risk loci for a set of seven autoimmune disorders. To further examine the mechanistic roles played by EBNA2 at these loci on a genome-wide scale, we globally examined gene expression, chromatin accessibility, chromatin looping, and EBNA2 binding in a B cell line that was (1) uninfected, (2) infected with a strain of EBV lacking EBNA2, or (3) infected with a strain that expresses EBNA2. We identified more than 400 EBNA2-dependent differentially expressed human genes and more than 5000 EBNA2 binding events in the human genome. ATAC-seq analysis revealed more than 2000 regions in the human genome with EBNA2-dependent chromatin accessibility, and HiChIP data revealed more than 1700 regions where EBNA2 altered chromatin looping interactions. Autoimmune genetic risk loci were highly enriched at the sites of these EBNA2-dependent chromatin-altering events. We present examples of autoimmune risk genotype-dependent EBNA2 events, nominating genetic risk mechanisms for autoimmune risk loci such as ZMIZ1 Taken together, our results reveal important interactions between host genetic variation and EBNA2-driven disease mechanisms. Further, our study highlights a critical role for EBNA2 in rewiring human gene regulatory programs through rearrangement of the chromatin landscape and nominates these interactions as components of genetic mechanisms that influence the risk of multiple autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Hong
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Sreeja Parameswaran
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Omer A Donmez
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Daniel Miller
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Carmy Forney
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Michael Lape
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Mariana Saint Just Ribeiro
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lee E Edsall
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Albert F Magnusen
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - William Miller
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Iouri Chepelev
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - John B Harley
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Leah C Kottyan
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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8
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Barh D, Tiwari S, Gabriel Rodrigues Gomes L, Weener ME, Alzahrani KJ, Alsharif KF, Aljabali AAA, Tambuwala MM, Lundstrom K, Hassan SS, Serrano-Aroca Á, Takayama K, Ghosh P, Redwan EM, Silva Andrade B, Soares SDC, Azevedo V, Uversky VN. Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Rare Anti-Tumor Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 in Isolated Cases of Lymphomas. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101927. [PMID: 34696358 PMCID: PMC8539762 DOI: 10.3390/v13101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, two cases of complete remission of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) after SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported. However, the precise molecular mechanism of this rare event is yet to be understood. Here, we hypothesize a potential anti-tumor immune response of SARS-CoV-2 and based on a computational approach show that: (i) SARS-CoV-2 Spike-RBD may bind to the extracellular domains of CD15, CD27, CD45, and CD152 receptors of cHL or FL and may directly inhibit cell proliferation. (ii) Alternately, upon internalization after binding to these CD molecules, the SARS-CoV-2 membrane (M) protein and ORF3a may bind to gamma-tubulin complex component 3 (GCP3) at its tubulin gamma-1 chain (TUBG1) binding site. (iii) The M protein may also interact with TUBG1, blocking its binding to GCP3. (iv) Both the M and ORF3a proteins may render the GCP2-GCP3 lateral binding where the M protein possibly interacts with GCP2 at its GCP3 binding site and the ORF3a protein to GCP3 at its GCP2 interacting residues. (v) Interactions of the M and ORF3a proteins with these gamma-tubulin ring complex components potentially block the initial process of microtubule nucleation, leading to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. (vi) The Spike-RBD may also interact with and block PD-1 signaling similar to pembrolizumab and nivolumab- like monoclonal antibodies and may induce B-cell apoptosis and remission. (vii) Finally, the TRADD interacting “PVQLSY” motif of Epstein-Barr virus LMP-1, that is responsible for NF-kB mediated oncogenesis, potentially interacts with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, NSP7, NSP10, and spike (S) proteins, and may inhibit the LMP-1 mediated cell proliferation. Taken together, our results suggest a possible therapeutic potential of SARS-CoV-2 in lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur 721172, West Bengal, India
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.T.); (L.G.R.G.); (V.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.T.); (L.G.R.G.); (V.A.)
| | - Lucas Gabriel Rodrigues Gomes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.T.); (L.G.R.G.); (V.A.)
| | - Marianna E. Weener
- Clinical Research Center, Oftalmic, CRO, 119334 Bardina Str. 22/4, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (K.F.A.)
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (K.J.A.); (K.F.A.)
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
| | | | - Sk. Sarif Hassan
- Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, Paschim Medinipur 721140, West Bengal, India;
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulazizi University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bruno Silva Andrade
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), Jequié 45206-190, Brazil;
| | - Siomar de Castro Soares
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba 38025-180, Brazil;
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.T.); (L.G.R.G.); (V.A.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy pereulok, 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
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9
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Slabik C, Kalbarczyk M, Danisch S, Zeidler R, Klawonn F, Volk V, Krönke N, Feuerhake F, Ferreira de Figueiredo C, Blasczyk R, Olbrich H, Theobald SJ, Schneider A, Ganser A, von Kaisenberg C, Lienenklaus S, Bleich A, Hammerschmidt W, Stripecke R. CAR-T Cells Targeting Epstein-Barr Virus gp350 Validated in a Humanized Mouse Model of EBV Infection and Lymphoproliferative Disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 18:504-524. [PMID: 32953984 PMCID: PMC7479496 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a latent and oncogenic human herpesvirus. Lytic viral protein expression plays an important role in EBV-associated malignancies. The EBV envelope glycoprotein 350 (gp350) is expressed abundantly during EBV lytic reactivation and sporadically on the surface of latently infected cells. Here we tested T cells expressing gp350-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) containing scFvs derived from two novel gp350-binding, highly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The scFvs were fused to CD28/CD3ζ signaling domains in a retroviral vector. The produced gp350CAR-T cells specifically recognized and killed gp350+ 293T cells in vitro. The best-performing 7A1-gp350CAR-T cells were cytotoxic against the EBV+ B95-8 cell line, showing selectivity against gp350+ cells. Fully humanized Nod.Rag.Gamma mice transplanted with cord blood CD34+ cells and infected with the EBV/M81/fLuc lytic strain were monitored dynamically for viral spread. Infected mice recapitulated EBV-induced lymphoproliferation, tumor development, and systemic inflammation. We tested adoptive transfer of autologous CD8+gp350CAR-T cells administered protectively or therapeutically. After gp350CAR-T cell therapy, 75% of mice controlled or reduced EBV spread and showed lower frequencies of EBER+ B cell malignant lymphoproliferation, lack of tumor development, and reduced inflammation. In summary, CD8+gp350CAR-T cells showed proof-of-concept preclinical efficacy against impending EBV+ lymphoproliferation and lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Slabik
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maja Kalbarczyk
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Simon Danisch
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Klawonn
- Biostatistics Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Information Engineering, Ostfalia University, 38302 Wolfenbuettel, Germany
| | - Valery Volk
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Krönke
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Friedrich Feuerhake
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Neuropathology, University Clinic Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Olbrich
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Theobald
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneider
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Constantin von Kaisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andre Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hammerschmidt
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Renata Stripecke
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immune Therapies Applied, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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10
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Dyspnea due to an uncommon vascular tumor: leiomyosarcoma of the infrahepatic vena cava inferior. Surg Case Rep 2020; 6:136. [PMID: 32548741 PMCID: PMC7297879 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-00896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare malignancy that originated from the smooth muscle tissue of the vascular wall. Diagnoses, as well as, treatment of the disease are still challenging and to date, a radical surgical resection of the tumor is the only curative approach. Case report We report on the case of a 49-year old male patient who presented with suddenly experienced dyspnea. Besides bilateral pulmonary arterial embolism, a lesion close to the head of the pancreas was found using CT scan, infiltrating the infrahepatic IVC. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsy revealed a low-grade LMS. Intraoperatively, a tumor of the IVC was observed without infiltration of surrounding organs or distant metastases. Consequently, the tumor was removed successfully, by en-bloc resection including prosthetic graft placement of the IVC. Histological workup revealed a completely resected (R0) moderately differentiated LMS of the IVC. Conclusion LMS of the infrahepatic IVC is an uncommon tumor, which may present with dyspnea as its first clinical sign. Patients benefit from radical tumor resection. However, due to the poor prognosis of vascular LMS, a careful follow-up is mandatory.
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11
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Pesticide use and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma: results from the North American Pooled Project (NAPP). Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:583-599. [PMID: 32314107 PMCID: PMC7183499 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between pesticide exposures and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) using data from the North American Pooled Project (NAPP). METHODS Three population-based studies conducted in Kansas, Nebraska, and six Canadian provinces (HL = 507, Controls = 3886) were pooled to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for single (never/ever) and multiple (0, 1, 2-4, ≥ 5) pesticides used, duration (years) and, for select pesticides, frequency (days/year) using adjusted logistic regression models. An age-stratified analysis (≤ 40/ > 40 years) was conducted when numbers were sufficient. RESULTS In an analysis of 26 individual pesticides, ever use of terbufos was significantly associated with HL (OR: 2.53, 95% CI 1.04-6.17). In age-stratified analyses, associations were stronger among those ≤ 40 years of age. No significant associations were noted among those > 40 years old; however, HL cases ≤ 40 were three times more likely to report ever using dimethoate (OR: 3.76 95% CI 1.02-33.84) and almost twice as likely to have ever used malathion (OR: 1.86 95% CI 1.00-3.47). Those ≤ 40 years of age reporting use of 5 + organophosphate insecticides had triple the odds of HL (OR: 3.00 95% CI 1.28-7.03). Longer duration of use of 2,4-D, ≥ 6 vs. 0 years, was associated with elevated odds of HL (OR: 2.59 95% CI 1.34-4.97). CONCLUSION In the NAPP, insecticide use may increase the risk of HL, but results are based on small numbers.
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12
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Ayee R, Ofori MEO, Wright E, Quaye O. Epstein Barr Virus Associated Lymphomas and Epithelia Cancers in Humans. J Cancer 2020; 11:1737-1750. [PMID: 32194785 PMCID: PMC7052849 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a cosmopolitan oncogenic virus, infecting about 90% of the world's population and it is associated to tumors originating from both epithelia and hematopoietic cells. Transmission of the virus is mainly through oral secretions; however, transmission through organ transplantation and blood transfusion has been reported. In order to evade immune recognition, EBV establishes latent infection in B lymphocytes where it expresses limited sets of proteins called EBV transcription programs (ETPs), including six nuclear antigens (EBNAs), three latent membrane proteins (LMP), and untranslated RNA called EBV encoded RNA (EBER), shown to efficiently transform B cells into lymphoblastic cells. These programs undergo different patterns of expression which determine the occurrence of distinct types of latency in the pathogenesis of a particular tumor. Hematopoietic cell derived tumors include but not limited to Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, and natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma. EBV undergoes lytic infection in epithelia cells for amplification of the viral particle for transmission where it expresses lytic stage genes. However, for reasons yet to be unveiled, EBV switches from the expression of lytic stage genes to the expression of ETPs in epithelia cells. The expression of the ETPs lead to the transformation of epithelia cells into permanently proliferating cells, resulting in epithelia cell derived malignancies such as nasopharyngeal cancer, gastric cancer, and breast cancer. In this review, we have summarized the current updates on EBV associated epithelial and B cell-derived malignancies, and the role of EBV latency gene products in the pathogenesis of the cancers, and have suggested areas for future studies when considering therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richmond Ayee
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Edward Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, U.K
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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13
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Lei H, Liu W, Si J, Wang J, Zhang T. Analyzing the regulation of miRNAs on protein-protein interaction network in Hodgkin lymphoma. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:449. [PMID: 31477006 PMCID: PMC6720096 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is a type of aggressive malignancy in lymphoma that has high incidence in young adults and elderly patients. Identification of reliable diagnostic markers and efficient therapeutic targets are especially important for the diagnosis and treatment of HL. Although many HL-related molecules have been identified, our understanding on the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease is still far from complete due to its complex and heterogeneous characteristics. In such situation, exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying HL via systems biology approaches provides a promising option. In this study, we try to elucidate the molecular mechanisms related to the disease and identify potential pharmaceutical targets from a network-based perspective. Results We constructed a series of network models. Based on the analysis of these networks, we attempted to identify the biomarkers and elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying HL. Initially, we built three different but related protein networks, i.e., background network, HL-basic network and HL-specific network. By analyzing these three networks, we investigated the connection characteristic of the HL-related proteins. Subsequently, we explored the miRNA regulation on HL-specific network and analyzed three kinds of simple regulation patterns, i.e., co-regulation of protein pairs, as well as the direct and indirect regulation of triple proteins. Finally, we constructed a simplified protein network combined with the regulation of miRNAs on proteins to better understand the relation between HL-related proteins and miRNAs. Conclusions We find that the HL-related proteins are more likely to connect with each other compared to other proteins. Moreover, the HL-specific network can be further divided into five sub-networks and 49 proteins as the backbone of HL-specific network make up and connect these 5 sub-networks. Thus, they may be closely associated with HL. In addition, we find that the co-regulation of protein pairs is the main regulatory pattern of miRNAs on the protein network in the HL-specific network. According to the regulation of miRNA on protein network, we have identified 5 core miRNAs as the potential biomarkers for diagnostic of HL. Finally, several protein pathways have been identified to closely associated with HL, which provides deep insights into underlying mechanism of HL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-019-3041-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Lei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,School of Continuation Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxu Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiarui Si
- School of Basic Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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14
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Szymczyk A, Macheta A, Podhorecka M. Abnormal microRNA expression in the course of hematological malignancies. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4267-4277. [PMID: 30349361 PMCID: PMC6183594 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s174476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the carcinogenesis process is currently focused primarily on understanding its genetic basis and molecular abnormalities that may be predictive factors and therapeutic targets. It was clearly confirmed recently that microRNAs are involved in the mechanisms of leukocyte development, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as in the pathogenesis of proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic system. Currently, research strategies allow determination of the deregulation of microRNA profiles in relation to other cytogenetic aberrations, as well as prognostic factors and primary end points. The problem of the possibility of their use as therapeutic targets is also increasingly discussed. In this article, we analyze literature data on abnormalities in microRNA expression in proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic system in the context of classic cytogenetic and molecular aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szymczyk
- Independent Clinical Transplantology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland,
| | - Arkadiusz Macheta
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Podhorecka
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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15
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Rea IM, Gibson DS, McGilligan V, McNerlan SE, Alexander HD, Ross OA. Age and Age-Related Diseases: Role of Inflammation Triggers and Cytokines. Front Immunol 2018; 9:586. [PMID: 29686666 PMCID: PMC5900450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 679] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine dysregulation is believed to play a key role in the remodeling of the immune system at older age, with evidence pointing to an inability to fine-control systemic inflammation, which seems to be a marker of unsuccessful aging. This reshaping of cytokine expression pattern, with a progressive tendency toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype has been called "inflamm-aging." Despite research there is no clear understanding about the causes of "inflamm-aging" that underpin most major age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and aging itself. While inflammation is part of the normal repair response for healing, and essential in keeping us safe from bacterial and viral infections and noxious environmental agents, not all inflammation is good. When inflammation becomes prolonged and persists, it can become damaging and destructive. Several common molecular pathways have been identified that are associated with both aging and low-grade inflammation. The age-related change in redox balance, the increase in age-related senescent cells, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and the decline in effective autophagy that can trigger the inflammasome, suggest that it may be possible to delay age-related diseases and aging itself by suppressing pro-inflammatory molecular mechanisms or improving the timely resolution of inflammation. Conversely there may be learning from molecular or genetic pathways from long-lived cohorts who exemplify good quality aging. Here, we will discuss some of the current ideas and highlight molecular pathways that appear to contribute to the immune imbalance and the cytokine dysregulation, which is associated with "inflammageing" or parainflammation. Evidence of these findings will be drawn from research in cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurological inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
- Care of Elderly Medicine, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David S. Gibson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria McGilligan
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. McNerlan
- Regional Genetics Service, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - H. Denis Alexander
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Ul-Haq I, Dalla Pria A, Suardi E, Pinato DJ, Froeling F, Forni J, Randell P, Bower M. Blood Epstein-Barr virus DNA does not predict outcome in advanced HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma. Med Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29536181 PMCID: PMC5849636 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In HIV-seronegative patients with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) viraemia at diagnosis predicts a worse progression-free survival (PFS), independent of the International Prognostic Score. However, its role in HIV-associated HL is uncharacterised. We collected clinico-pathologic and treatment data from a prospective series of 44 HIV-associated HLs from 2000 to 2016. We evaluated circulating EBV DNA as a prognostic factor on uni- and multivariable analyses in relationship to the International Prognostic Index criteria. In 44 patients with HIV-associated HL, EBV was detected by in situ hybridisation in all diagnostic biopsies. Blood EBV DNA was detectable in 26 patients (59%) with a median of 600 copies/mL (range 0–161,000). EBV DNA was independent of CD4 cell count (p = 0.9) or HIV viral load (p = 0.6) and did not predict PFS (HR 1.6, 95% CI 0.39–6.7, p = 0.49). EBV DNA is not a prognostic trait in HIV-associated HL. Prognostication in HIV-associated HL should be solely based on the International Prognostic Index criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ul-Haq
- National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Alessia Dalla Pria
- National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Elisa Suardi
- National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - David J Pinato
- National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Fieke Froeling
- National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - John Forni
- National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Paul Randell
- Department of Pathology, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mark Bower
- National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK.
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17
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Cordeiro A, Monzó M, Navarro A. Non-Coding RNAs in Hodgkin Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061154. [PMID: 28555062 PMCID: PMC5485978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to the 3’-UTR of their target genes, can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Recently, other types of non-coding RNAs—piwiRNAs and long non-coding RNAs—have also been identified. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a B cell origin disease characterized by the presence of only 1% of tumor cells, known as Hodgkin and Reed-Stenberg (HRS) cells, which interact with the microenvironment to evade apoptosis. Several studies have reported specific miRNA signatures that can differentiate HL lymph nodes from reactive lymph nodes, identify histologic groups within classical HL, and distinguish HRS cells from germinal center B cells. Moreover, some signatures are associated with survival or response to chemotherapy. Most of the miRNAs in the signatures regulate genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, or signaling pathways. Here we review findings on miRNAs in HL, as well as on other non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cordeiro
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08032 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mariano Monzó
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08032 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alfons Navarro
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, C/Casanova 143, 08032 Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Traylen C, Ramasubramanyan S, Zuo J, Rowe M, Almohammad R, Heesom K, Sweet SMM, Matthews DA, Sinclair AJ. Identification of Epstein-Barr Virus Replication Proteins in Burkitt's Lymphoma Cells. Pathogens 2015; 4:739-51. [PMID: 26529022 PMCID: PMC4693162 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens4040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The working model to describe the mechanisms used to replicate the cancer-associated virus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is partly derived from comparisons with other members of the Herpes virus family. Many genes within the EBV genome are homologous across the herpes virus family. Published transcriptome data for the EBV genome during its lytic replication cycle show extensive transcription, but the identification of the proteins is limited. We have taken a global proteomics approach to identify viral proteins that are expressed during the EBV lytic replication cycle. We combined an enrichment method to isolate cells undergoing EBV lytic replication with SILAC-labeling coupled to mass-spectrometry and identified viral and host proteins expressed during the EBV lytic replication cycle. Amongst the most frequently identified viral proteins are two components of the DNA replication machinery, the single strand DNA binding protein BALF2, DNA polymerase accessory protein BMRF1 and both subunits of the viral ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase enzyme (BORF2 and BaRF1). An additional 42 EBV lytic cycle proteins were also detected. This provides proteomic identification for many EBV lytic replication cycle proteins and also identifies post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Traylen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
| | | | - Jianmin Zuo
- School of Cancer Sciences and Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Martin Rowe
- School of Cancer Sciences and Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Rajaei Almohammad
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - Kate Heesom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Steve M M Sweet
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK.
| | - David A Matthews
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Alison J Sinclair
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
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19
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Abstract
The special November and December issues of the Chinese Journal of Cancer celebrate the 50th anniversary of the discovery of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with a series of reviews covering the association of the virus with various cancers, with special emphasis on the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). The restricted geographic prevalence of NPC along with the tumor's consistent association with EBV infection has fascinated scientists and clinicians ever since it was first suggested in 1966. As in all cancers, NPC development reflects the complex interplay between host genes and environmental factors, but the essential role of EBV infection provides important insight into the etiology of this tumor. Indeed, it is this understanding that is now translating into exciting diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence S Young
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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