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Tedeschi L, Biancolini D, Capinha C, Rondinini C, Essl F. Introduction, spread, and impacts of invasive alien mammal species in Europe. Mamm Rev 2022; 52:252-266. [PMID: 35875182 PMCID: PMC9299096 DOI: 10.1111/mam.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biological invasions have emerged as one of the main drivers of biodiversity change and decline, and numbers of species classed as alien in parts of their ranges are rapidly rising. The European Union established a dedicated regulation to limit the impacts of invasive alien species (IAS), which is focused on the species on a Union List of IAS of particular concern. However, no previous study has specifically addressed the ecology of invasive alien mammals included on the Union List.We performed a systematic review of published literature on these species. We retrieved 262 publications dealing with 16 species, and we complemented these with the most up-to-date information extracted from global databases on IAS.We show that most of the study species reached Europe as pets and then escaped from captivity or were intentionally released. On average each year in the period 1981-2020, 1.2 species were recorded for the first time as aliens in European countries, and most species are still expanding their alien ranges by colonising neighbouring territories. France is the most invaded nation, followed by Germany, Italy, and the Russian Federation, and the muskrat Ondatra zibethicus, the American mink Neovison vison, and the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides are the most widespread species, having invaded at least 27 countries each. Invasive mammals of European Union concern are threatening native biodiversity and human well-being: worryingly, 81% of the 16 study species are implicated in the epidemiological cycle of zoonotic pathogens.Containing secondary spread to further countries is of paramount importance to avoid the establishment of new populations of invasive mammals and the related impacts on native communities, ecosystem services, and human health.We present a compendium on the ecology and impacts of invasive mammals of European Union concern. It can be used to assist environmental policies, identify and subsequently fill knowledge gaps, and inform stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Tedeschi
- Global Mammal Assessment ProgrammeDepartment of Biology and BiotechnologiesSapienza University of RomeViale dell’Università 32Rome00185Italy
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology‐GroupDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
| | - Dino Biancolini
- Global Mammal Assessment ProgrammeDepartment of Biology and BiotechnologiesSapienza University of RomeViale dell’Università 32Rome00185Italy
| | - César Capinha
- Centro de Estudos GeográficosInstituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território – IGOTUniversidade de LisboaRua Branca Edmée Marques, Cidade Universitária1600‐276LisboaPortugal
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment ProgrammeDepartment of Biology and BiotechnologiesSapienza University of RomeViale dell’Università 32Rome00185Italy
| | - Franz Essl
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology‐GroupDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
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Mazzamuto MV, Wauters LA, Koprowski JL. Exotic Pet Trade as a Cause of Biological Invasions: The Case of Tree Squirrels of the Genus Callosciurus. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101046. [PMID: 34681145 PMCID: PMC8533491 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The pet industry is a growing global multibillion dollar market. The increase of exotic and non-domesticated animal ownership has led to an increase in the number of non-native pets released that create invasive alien species (IAS) populations in the wild. IAS negatively impact the biodiversity, human health and countries’ economies. We use tree squirrels of the genus Callosciurus as a well-documented case study of pets that become IAS. We review the pathways and range of introduction and the challenge and legal importance of species identification. Next, we document how they negatively affect native plants and animals, their parasitic infections that can threat native wildlife and human health and their impact on human activities and productive systems. We discuss the diverse biological, social, political and economic reasons that make control/eradication of these charismatic species difficult in most countries. However, we also highlight the successful management of the IAS in two countries where the early detection and engagement of stakeholders were key to successful eradication. We conclude that efforts to educate and involve the broader public by actively engaging a diversity of stakeholders are more likely to build a consensus toward IAS management and should be a priority for each country. Abstract The trade of non-native pets, especially of non-domesticated and exotic animals, and their subsequent release and establishment of populations is one of the major pathways of introduction for invasive alien reptiles, amphibia, birds and mammals. Here, we use a group of arboreal mammals, tree squirrels of the genus Callosciurus, as a well-documented case study, reviewing the pathways of introduction, the current areas of non-native distribution, the rate of establishment success and the challenge and legal importance of species identification. We further illustrate the importance of early detection and effective monitoring methods and plans. Next, we document how they interfere with native species, their risk of acting as vectors for emerging infectious diseases and their potential role in maintaining parasitic infections that can affect human health. We conclude by reviewing the current management, or the lack of it, and highlight the diverse biological, social, political and economic reasons that make control/eradication of these charismatic species difficult or even impractical in most countries. However, reviewing the only two successful eradications of the IAS, we highlight the need to acknowledge the public opinion and the importance of communication, transparency and the engagement of a diversity of stakeholders to create a consensus about the actions to undertake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Mazzamuto
- Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucas A. Wauters
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - John L. Koprowski
- Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
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Romeo C, Piscitelli AP, Santicchia F, Martinoli A, Ferrari N, Wauters LA. Invading parasites: spillover of an alien nematode reduces survival in a native species. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIt is widely assumed that spillover of alien parasites to native host species severely impacts naïve populations, ultimately conferring a competitive advantage to invading hosts that introduced them. Despite such host-switching events occurring in biological invasions, studies demonstrating the impact of alien macroparasites on native animal hosts are surprisingly few. In Europe, native red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) are replaced by introduced North American grey squirrels (S. carolinensis) mainly through resource competition, and, only in the United Kingdom and Ireland, by competition mediated by a viral disease. In Italy such disease is absent, but spillover of an introduced North American nematode (Strongyloides robustus) from grey to red squirrels is known to occur. Here, we used long-term (9 years) capture-mark-recapture and parasitological data of red squirrels in areas co-inhabited by grey squirrels in Northern Italy to investigate the impact of this alien helminth on naïve native squirrels’ body mass, local survival, and reproduction of females. We found no negative effect of the alien parasite on body mass or reproductive success, but intensity of infection by S. robustus reduced survival of both male and female squirrels. Significantly, survival of squirrels co-infected by their native nematode, Trypanoxyuris sciuri, was less affected by S. robustus, suggesting a protective effect of the native helminth against the new infection. Hence, we demonstrate that alien S. robustus spillover adds to the detrimental effects of resource competition and stress induced by grey squirrels, further reducing the fitness of the native species in the presence of the invasive competitor.
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The enemy release hypothesis and Callosciurus erythraeus in Argentina: combining community and biogeographical parasitological studies. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mori E, Sala JP, Fattorini N, Menchetti M, Montalvo T, Senar JC. Ectoparasite sharing among native and invasive birds in a metropolitan area. Parasitol Res 2018; 118:399-409. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Choe S, Park H, Lee D, Kang Y, Jeon HK, Eom KS. Infections with Digenean Trematode Metacercariae in Two Invasive Alien Fish, Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus, in Two Rivers in Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:509-513. [PMID: 30419738 PMCID: PMC6243184 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Present study was performed to survey infection status of digenetic trematode metacercariae in 2 alien fish species, Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) and Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill), in 2 rivers draining Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea. A total of 107 largemouth bass and 244 bluegills were caught in Daecheong-ho (ho=lake) and Musim-cheon (a branch of Geum-gang), in Chungcheongbuk-do April–July 2015. Additionally, 68 native fish of 5 species, i.e., Zacco platypus, Hemibarbus longirostris, Carassius auratus, Pseudogobio esocinus and Puntungia herzi, were caught from the same water bodies. All of the fish collected were examined by artificial digestion method. The metacercariae of Centrocestus armatus, Clinostomum complanatum, Metagonimus sp. and Diplostomum spp. were detected from 4 out of 5 native fish species in Daecheong-ho. However, any metacercariae were not found from 87 M. salmoides and 177 L. macrochirus in Daecheong-ho. In Musim-cheon, metacercariae of Exorchis oviformis and Metacercaria hasegawai were detected from 78% Z. platypus and 34% L. macrochirus, but any metacercariae not found in M. salmoides. We report here that the 2 alien fish species were less infected with the metacercariae than the native ones. Surveys on the metacercariae in the alien fish species in geographically various rivers should be undertaken for better understanding on the role of alien fish species in the trematode infections in Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjun Choe
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hansol Park
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Dongmin Lee
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Yeseul Kang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Kyu Jeon
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Keeseon S Eom
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, School of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Ancillotto L, Studer V, Howard T, Smith VS, McAlister E, Beccaloni J, Manzia F, Renzopaoli F, Bosso L, Russo D, Mori E. Environmental drivers of parasite load and species richness in introduced parakeets in an urban landscape. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3591-3599. [PMID: 30167793 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduced species represent a threat to native wildlife worldwide, due to predation, competition, and disease transmission. Concurrent introduction of parasites may also add a new dimension of competition, i.e. parasite-mediated competition, through spillover and spillback dynamics. Urban areas are major hotspots of introduced species, but little is known about the effects of urban habitat structure on the parasite load and diversity of introduced species. Here, we investigated such environmental effects on the ectoparasite load, richness, and occurrence of spillback in two widespread invasive parakeets, Psittacula krameri and Myiopsitta monachus, in the metropolitan area of Rome, central Italy. We tested 231 parakeets and found that in both species parasite load was positively influenced by host abundance at local scale, while environmental features such as the amount of natural or urban habitats, as well as richness of native birds, influenced parasite occurrence, load, and richness differently in the two host species. Therefore, we highlight the importance of host population density and habitat composition in shaping the role of introduced parakeets in the spread of both native and introduced parasites, recommending the monitoring of urban populations of birds and their parasites to assess and manage the potential occurrence of parasite-mediated competition dynamics as well as potential spread of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - V Studer
- Centro Recupero Fauna Selvatica Lipu Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - T Howard
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum of London, London, UK
| | - V S Smith
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum of London, London, UK
| | - E McAlister
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum of London, London, UK
| | - J Beccaloni
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum of London, London, UK
| | - F Manzia
- Centro Recupero Fauna Selvatica Lipu Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - F Renzopaoli
- Centro Recupero Fauna Selvatica Lipu Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - L Bosso
- Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - D Russo
- Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - E Mori
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Palazzo Corsini, Via della Lungara 10, 00165, Rome, Italy
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Mori E, Pisanu B, Zozzoli R, Solano E, Olivieri E, Sassera D, Montagna M. Arthropods and associated pathogens from native and introduced rodents in Northeastern Italy. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3237-3243. [PMID: 30058030 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduced Siberian chipmunks Eutamias sibiricus have been reported to be important reservoirs for human Lyme disease, as they may host high numbers of hard ticks carrying Borrelia spp. and other pathogens. In the present study, we assessed the prevalence of Borrelia spp. and other pathogenic bacteria in ectoparasite arthropod species infesting Siberian chipmunks and coexisting native small rodents. Small rodents were trapped with Sherman traps in Veneto (NE Italy), where the largest Italian populations of chipmunks occur. A total of 14 individual ticks were found on 223 rodents, with 6 more ticks obtained from stored dead chipmunks from the same study area. Ectoparasites were screened for pathogens by molecular analyses including species-specific PCR amplifications. Rickettsia monacensis, Borrelia lusitaniae, and Anaplasma platys were present in the parasites of both native rodents and introduced chipmunks. The present findings suggest a role for the invasive species E. sibiricus in the maintenance of the Ixodes ricinus life cycle, which may result in the modification of the transmission dynamics of tick-borne pathogens. Moreover, the presence of Rickettsia in urban populations of chipmunks may represent a serious risk for human health and should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Mori
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy. .,Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Palazzo Corsini, Via della Lungara 10, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Benoît Pisanu
- Centre d'expertise et de données sur la nature (UMS Patrimoine Naturel), AFB, MNHN, CNRS, CP41, 36 rue Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 75005, Paris, France.,Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (UMR 7204), MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Rudy Zozzoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11a, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Solano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Via Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologia "L. Spallanzani", Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via A. Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Sassera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Agroambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Montagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Agroambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Mazzamuto MV, Morandini M, Panzeri M, Wauters LA, Preatoni DG, Martinoli A. Space invaders: effects of invasive alien Pallas’s squirrel on home range and body mass of native red squirrel. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Interspecific competition between alien Pallas’s squirrels and Eurasian red squirrels reduces density of the native species. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hofmannová L, Romeo C, Štohanzlová L, Jirsová D, Mazzamuto MV, Wauters LA, Ferrari N, Modrý D. Diversity and host specificity of coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in native and introduced squirrel species. Eur J Protistol 2016; 56:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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