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Percival KM, Paul V, Husseini GA. Recent Advancements in Bone Tissue Engineering: Integrating Smart Scaffold Technologies and Bio-Responsive Systems for Enhanced Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6012. [PMID: 38892199 PMCID: PMC11172494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In exploring the challenges of bone repair and regeneration, this review evaluates the potential of bone tissue engineering (BTE) as a viable alternative to traditional methods, such as autografts and allografts. Key developments in biomaterials and scaffold fabrication techniques, such as additive manufacturing and cell and bioactive molecule-laden scaffolds, are discussed, along with the integration of bio-responsive scaffolds, which can respond to physical and chemical stimuli. These advancements collectively aim to mimic the natural microenvironment of bone, thereby enhancing osteogenesis and facilitating the formation of new tissue. Through a comprehensive combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we scrutinize the biocompatibility, osteoinductivity, and osteoconductivity of these engineered scaffolds, as well as their interactions with critical cellular players in bone healing processes. Findings from scaffold fabrication techniques and bio-responsive scaffolds indicate that incorporating nanostructured materials and bioactive compounds is particularly effective in promoting the recruitment and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. The therapeutic potential of these advanced biomaterials in clinical settings is widely recognized and the paper advocates continued research into multi-responsive scaffold systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Percival
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates; (K.M.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Vinod Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates; (K.M.P.); (V.P.)
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates; (K.M.P.); (V.P.)
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Wang H, Zhang P, Lu P, Cai X, Wang G, Xu X, Liu Y, Huang T, Li M, Qian T, Zhu H, Xue C. Neural tissue-engineered prevascularization in vivo enhances peripheral neuroregeneration via rapid vascular inosculation. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100718. [PMID: 37455820 PMCID: PMC10339252 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering techniques typically face a significant challenge, simulating complex natural vascular systems that hinder the clinical application of tissue-engineered nerve grafts (TENGs). Here, we report a subcutaneously pre-vascularized TENG consisting of a vascular endothelial growth factor-induced host vascular network, chitosan nerve conduit, and inserted silk fibroin fibers. Contrast agent perfusion, tissue clearing, microCT scan, and blood vessel 3D reconstruction were carried out continuously to prove whether the regenerated blood vessels were functional. Moreover, histological and electrophysiological evaluations were also applied to investigate the efficacy of repairing peripheral nerve defects with pre-vascularized TENG. Rapid vascular inosculation of TENG pre-vascularized blood vessels with the host vascular system was observed at 4 d bridging the 10 mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Transplantation of pre-vascularized TENG in vivo suppressed proliferation of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) while promoting their migration within 14 d post bridging surgery. More importantly, the early vascularization of TENG drives axonal regrowth by facilitating bidirectional migration of Schwann cells (SCs) and the bands of Büngner formation. This pre-vascularized TENG increased remyelination, promoted recovery of electrophysiological function, and prevented atrophy of the target muscles when observed 12 weeks post neural transplantation. The neural tissue-engineered pre-vascularization technique provides a potential approach to discover an individualized TENG and explore the innovative neural regenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Panjian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Meiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Tianmei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Chengbin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
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Masson-Meyers DS, Tabatabaei F, Steinhaus L, Toth JM, Tayebi L. Development of fibroblast/endothelial cell-seeded collagen scaffolds for in vitro prevascularization. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:633-645. [PMID: 36262080 PMCID: PMC10585651 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of vascularized scaffolds remains one of the major challenges in tissue engineering, and co-culturing with endothelial cells is known as one of the possible approaches for this purpose. In this approach, optimization of cell culture conditions, scaffolds, and fabrication techniques is needed to develop tissue equivalents that will enable in vitro formation of a capillary network. Prevascularized equivalents will be more physiologically comparable to the native tissues and potentially prevent insufficient vascularization after implantation. This study aimed to culture human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), alone or in co-culture with fibroblasts, on collagen scaffolds prepared by simple fabrication approaches for in vitro prevascularization. Different concentrations and ratios of HUVECs and fibroblasts seeded on collagen gel and sponge scaffolds under several culture conditions were examined. Cell viability, scaffolds morphology, and structure were analyzed. Collagen gel scaffolds showed good cell proliferation and viability, with higher proliferation rates for cells cultured in a 2:1 (fibroblasts: HUVECs) ratio and kept in endothelial cell growth medium. However, these matrices were unable to support endothelial cell sprouting. Collagen sponges were highly porous and showed good cell viability. However, they became fragile over time in culture, and they still lack signs of vascularization. Collagen scaffolds were a good platform for cell growth and viability. However, under the experimental conditions of this study, the HUVEC/fibroblast-seeded scaffolds were not suitable platforms to generate in vitro prevascularized equivalents. Our findings will be a valuable starting point to optimize culture microenvironments and scaffolds during fabrication of prevascularized scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lane Steinhaus
- Marquette University School of Dentistry. Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Toth
- Marquette University School of Dentistry. Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry. Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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4
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Khanna A, Oropeza BP, Huang NF. Engineering Spatiotemporal Control in Vascularized Tissues. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100555. [PMID: 36290523 PMCID: PMC9598830 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in engineering scalable three-dimensional tissues is the generation of a functional and developed microvascular network for adequate perfusion of oxygen and growth factors. Current biological approaches to creating vascularized tissues include the use of vascular cells, soluble factors, and instructive biomaterials. Angiogenesis and the subsequent generation of a functional vascular bed within engineered tissues has gained attention and is actively being studied through combinations of physical and chemical signals, specifically through the presentation of topographical growth factor signals. The spatiotemporal control of angiogenic signals can generate vascular networks in large and dense engineered tissues. This review highlights the developments and studies in the spatiotemporal control of these biological approaches through the coordinated orchestration of angiogenic factors, differentiation of vascular cells, and microfabrication of complex vascular networks. Fabrication strategies to achieve spatiotemporal control of vascularization involves the incorporation or encapsulation of growth factors, topographical engineering approaches, and 3D bioprinting techniques. In this article, we highlight the vascularization of engineered tissues, with a focus on vascularized cardiac patches that are clinically scalable for myocardial repair. Finally, we discuss the present challenges for successful clinical translation of engineered tissues and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beu P. Oropeza
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ngan F. Huang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence:
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Masson-Meyers DS, Bertassoni LE, Tayebi L. Oral mucosa equivalents, prevascularization approaches, and potential applications. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:514-529. [PMID: 35132918 PMCID: PMC9357199 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2035375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral mucosa equivalents (OMEs) have been used as in vitro models (eg, for studies of human oral mucosa biology and pathology, toxicological and pharmacological tests of oral care products), and clinically to treat oral defects. However, the human oral mucosa is a highly vascularized tissue and implantation of large OMEs can fail due to a lack of vascularization. To develop equivalents that better resemble the human oral mucosa and increase the success of implantation to repair large-sized defects, efforts have been made to prevascularize these constructs. PURPOSE The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the human oral mucosa structure, common approaches for its reconstruction, and the development of OMEs, their prevascularization, and in vitro and clinical potential applications. STUDY SELECTION Articles on non-prevascularized and prevascularized OMEs were included, since the development and applications of non-prevascularized OMEs are a foundation for the design, fabrication, and optimization of prevascularized OMEs. CONCLUSIONS Several studies have reported the development and in vitro and clinical applications of OMEs and only a few were found on prevascularized OMEs using different approaches of fabrication and incorporation of endothelial cells, indicating a lack of standardized protocols to obtain these equivalents. However, these studies have shown the feasibility of prevascularizing OMEs and their implantation in animal models resulted in enhanced integration and healing. Vascularization in tissue equivalents is still a challenge, and optimization of cell culture conditions, biomaterials, and fabrication techniques along with clinical studies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz E. Bertassoni
- School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University. Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry. Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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Schaller-Ammann R, Kreß S, Feiel J, Schwagerle G, Priedl J, Birngruber T, Kasper C, Egger D. Advanced Online Monitoring of In Vitro Human 3D Full-Thickness Skin Equivalents. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071436. [PMID: 35890329 PMCID: PMC9315769 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin equivalents and skin explants are widely used for dermal penetration studies in the pharmacological development of drugs. Environmental parameters, such as the incubation and culture conditions affect cellular responses and thus the relevance of the experimental outcome. However, available systems such as the Franz diffusion chamber, only measure in the receiving culture medium, rather than assessing the actual conditions for cells in the tissue. We developed a sampling design that combines open flow microperfusion (OFM) sampling technology for continuous concentration measurements directly in the tissue with microfluidic biosensors for online monitoring of culture parameters. We tested our design with real-time measurements of oxygen, glucose, lactate, and pH in full-thickness skin equivalent and skin explants. Furthermore, we compared dermal penetration for acyclovir, lidocaine, and diclofenac in skin equivalents and skin explants. We observed differences in oxygen, glucose, and drug concentrations in skin equivalents compared to the respective culture medium and to skin explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schaller-Ammann
- Health—Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.S.-A.); (J.F.); (G.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Sebastian Kreß
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural, Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Jürgen Feiel
- Health—Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.S.-A.); (J.F.); (G.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Gerd Schwagerle
- Health—Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.S.-A.); (J.F.); (G.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Joachim Priedl
- Health—Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.S.-A.); (J.F.); (G.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Thomas Birngruber
- Health—Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.S.-A.); (J.F.); (G.S.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (D.E.)
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural, Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Dominik Egger
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural, Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (D.E.)
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7
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Meat Analogues: Types, Methods of Production and Their Effect on Attributes of Developed Meat Analogues. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8
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King O, Sunyovszki I, Terracciano CM. Vascularisation of pluripotent stem cell-derived myocardium: biomechanical insights for physiological relevance in cardiac tissue engineering. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1117-1136. [PMID: 33855631 PMCID: PMC8245389 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The myocardium is a diverse environment, requiring coordination between a variety of specialised cell types. Biochemical crosstalk between cardiomyocytes (CM) and microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) is essential to maintain contractility and healthy tissue homeostasis. Yet, as myocytes beat, heterocellular communication occurs also through constantly fluctuating biomechanical stimuli, namely (1) compressive and tensile forces generated directly by the beating myocardium, and (2) pulsatile shear stress caused by intra-microvascular flow. Despite endothelial cells (EC) being highly mechanosensitive, the role of biomechanical stimuli from beating CM as a regulatory mode of myocardial-microvascular crosstalk is relatively unexplored. Given that cardiac biomechanics are dramatically altered during disease, and disruption of myocardial-microvascular communication is a known driver of pathological remodelling, understanding the biomechanical context necessary for healthy myocardial-microvascular interaction is of high importance. The current gap in understanding can largely be attributed to technical limitations associated with reproducing dynamic physiological biomechanics in multicellular in vitro platforms, coupled with limited in vitro viability of primary cardiac tissue. However, differentiation of CM from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) has provided an unlimited source of human myocytes suitable for designing in vitro models. This technology is now converging with the diverse field of tissue engineering, which utilises in vitro techniques designed to enhance physiological relevance, such as biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) as 3D scaffolds, microfluidic perfusion of vascularised networks, and complex multicellular architectures generated via 3D bioprinting. These strategies are now allowing researchers to design in vitro platforms which emulate the cell composition, architectures, and biomechanics specific to the myocardial-microvascular microenvironment. Inclusion of physiological multicellularity and biomechanics may also induce a more mature phenotype in stem cell-derived CM, further enhancing their value. This review aims to highlight the importance of biomechanical stimuli as determinants of CM-EC crosstalk in cardiac health and disease, and to explore emerging tissue engineering and hPSC technologies which can recapitulate physiological dynamics to enhance the value of in vitro cardiac experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisín King
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, ICTEM 4th floor, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Ilona Sunyovszki
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, ICTEM 4th floor, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Cesare M Terracciano
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, ICTEM 4th floor, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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9
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Masson-Meyers DS, Tayebi L. Vascularization strategies in tissue engineering approaches for soft tissue repair. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:747-762. [PMID: 34058083 DOI: 10.1002/term.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient vascularization during tissue repair is often associated with poor clinical outcomes. This is a concern especially when patients have critical-sized injuries, where the size of the defect restricts vascularity, or even in small defects that have to be treated under special conditions, such as after radiation therapy (relevant to tumor resection) that hinders vascularity. In fact, poor vascularization is one of the major obstacles for clinical application of tissue engineering methods in soft tissue repair. As a key issue, lack of graft integration, caused by inadequate vascularization after implantation, can lead to graft failure. Moreover, poor vascularization compromises the viability of cells seeded in deep portions of scaffolds/graft materials, due to hypoxia and insufficient nutrient supply. In this article we aim to review vascularization strategies employed in tissue engineering techniques to repair soft tissues. For this purpose, we start by providing a brief overview of the main events during the physiological wound healing process in soft tissues. Then, we discuss how tissue repair can be achieved through tissue engineering, and considerations with regards to the choice of scaffold materials, culture conditions, and vascularization techniques. Next, we highlight the importance of vascularization, along with strategies and methods of prevascularization of soft tissue equivalents, particularly cell-based prevascularization. Lastly, we present a summary of commonly used in vitro methods during the vascularization of tissue-engineered soft tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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10
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Salameh S, Tissot N, Cache K, Lima J, Suzuki I, Marinho PA, Rielland M, Soeur J, Takeuchi S, Germain S, Breton L. A perfusable vascularized full-thickness skin model for potential topical and systemic applications. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33910175 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abfca8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization of reconstructed tissues is one of the remaining hurdles to be considered to improve both the functionality and viability of skin grafts and the relevance ofin vitroapplications. Our study, therefore, sought to develop a perfusable vascularized full-thickness skin equivalent that comprises a more complex blood vasculature compared to existing models. We combined molding, auto-assembly and microfluidics techniques in order to create a vascularized skin equivalent representing (a) a differentiated epidermis with a physiological organization and correctly expressing K14, K10, Involucrin, TGM1 and Filaggrin, (b) three perfusable vascular channels with angiogenic sprouts stained with VE-Caderin and Collagen IV, (c) an adjacent microvascular network created via vasculogenesis and connected to the sprouting macrovessels. Histological analysis and immunostaining of CD31, Collagen IV, Perlecan and Laminin proved the integrity of vascular constructs. In order to validate the vascularized skin potential of topical and systemic applications, caffeine and minoxidil, two compounds with different chemical properties, were topically applied to measure skin permeability and benzo[a]pyrene pollutant was systemically applied to evaluate systemic delivery. Our results demonstrated that perfusion of skin reconstructs and the presence of a complex vascular plexus resulted in a more predictive and reliable model to assess respectively topical and systemic applications. This model is therefore aimed at furthering drug discovery and improving clinical translation in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Salameh
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Tissot
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Kevin Cache
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Joaquim Lima
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Itaru Suzuki
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | - Maité Rielland
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Jérémie Soeur
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Stéphane Germain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Breton
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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11
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El-Badri N, Elkhenany H. Toward the nanoengineering of mature, well-patterned and vascularized organoids. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1255-1258. [PMID: 33988046 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science & Technology, 6th October city, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Hoda Elkhenany
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science & Technology, 6th October city, Giza, 12578, Egypt.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785, Egypt
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12
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Lopes SV, Collins MN, Reis RL, Oliveira JM, Silva-Correia J. Vascularization Approaches in Tissue Engineering: Recent Developments on Evaluation Tests and Modulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2941-2956. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soraia V. Lopes
- 3B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maurice N. Collins
- Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. Oliveira
- 3B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva-Correia
- 3B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Vasyutin I, Butnaru D, Lyundup A, Timashev P, Vinarov A, Kuznetsov S, Atala A, Zhang Y. Frontiers in urethra regeneration: current state and future perspective. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 32503009 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab99d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the positive achievements attained, the treatment of male urethral strictures and hypospadiases still remains a challenge, particularly in cases of severe urethral defects. Complications and the need for additional interventions in such cases are common. Also, shortage of autologous tissue for graft harvesting and significant morbidity in the location of harvesting present problems and often lead to staged treatment. Tissue engineering provides a promising alternative to the current sources of grafts for urethroplasty. Since the first experiments in urethral substitution with tissue engineered grafts, this topic in regenerative medicine has grown remarkably, as many different types of tissue-engineered grafts and approaches in graft design have been suggested and testedin vivo. However, there have been only a few clinical trials of tissue-engineered grafts in urethral substitution, involving hardly more than a hundred patients overall. This indicates that the topic is still in its inception, and the search for the best graft design is continuing. The current review focuses on the state of the art in urethral regeneration with tissue engineering technology. It gives a comprehensive overview of the components of the tissue-engineered graft and an overview of the steps in graft development. Different cell sources, types of scaffolds, assembling approaches, options for vascularization enhancement and preclinical models are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Vasyutin
- Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Denis Butnaru
- Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey Lyundup
- Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey Vinarov
- Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey Kuznetsov
- Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way NE, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States of America
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way NE, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States of America
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Morrissey J, Mesquita FCP, Hochman-Mendez C, Taylor DA. Whole Heart Engineering: Advances and Challenges. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:395-405. [PMID: 33640893 DOI: 10.1159/000511382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioengineering a solid organ for organ replacement is a growing endeavor in regenerative medicine. Our approach - recellularization of a decellularized cadaveric organ scaffold with human cells - is currently the most promising approach to building a complex solid vascularized organ to be utilized in vivo, which remains the major unmet need and a key challenge. The 2008 publication of perfusion-based decellularization and partial recellularization of a rat heart revolutionized the tissue engineering field by showing that it was feasible to rebuild an organ using a decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold. Toward the goal of clinical translation of bioengineered tissues and organs, there is increasing recognition of the underlying need to better integrate basic science domains and industry. From the perspective of a research group focusing on whole heart engineering, we discuss the current approaches and advances in whole organ engineering research as they relate to this multidisciplinary field's 3 major pillars: organ scaffolds, large numbers of cells, and biomimetic bioreactor systems. The success of whole organ engineering will require optimization of protocols to produce biologically-active scaffolds for multiple organ systems, and further technological innovation both to produce the massive quantities of high-quality cells needed for recellularization and to engineer a bioreactor with physiologic stimuli to recapitulate organ function. Also discussed are the challenges to building an implantable vascularized solid organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelynn Morrissey
- Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fernanda C P Mesquita
- Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Camila Hochman-Mendez
- Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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Potential Development of Sustainable 3D-Printed Meat Analogues: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To mitigate the threat of climate change driven by livestock meat production, a multifaceted approach that incorporates dietary changes, innovative product development, advances in technologies, and reductions in food wastes/losses is proposed. The emerging technology of 3D printing (3DP) has been recognized for its unprecedented capacity to fabricate food products with intricate structures and reduced material cost and energy. For sustainable 3DP of meat substitutes, the possible materials discussed are derived from in vitro cell culture, meat byproducts/waste, insects, and plants. These material-based approaches are analyzed from their potential environmental effects, technological viability, and consumer acceptance standpoints. Although skeletal muscles and skin are bioprinted for medical applications, they could be utilized as meat without the additional printing of vascular networks. The impediments to bioprinting of meat are lack of food-safe substrates/materials, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. The sustainability of bioprinting could be enhanced by the utilization of generic/universal components or scaffolds and optimization of cell sourcing and fabrication logistics. Despite the availability of several plants and their byproducts and some start-up ventures attempting to fabricate food products, 3D printing of meat analogues remains a challenge. From various insects, powders, proteins (soluble/insoluble), lipids, and fibers are produced, which—in different combinations and at optimal concentrations—can potentially result in superior meat substitutes. Valuable materials derived from meat byproducts/wastes using low energy methods could reduce waste production and offset some greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Apart from printer innovations (speed, precision, and productivity), rational structure of supply chain and optimization of material flow and logistic costs can improve the sustainability of 3D printing. Irrespective of the materials used, perception-related challenges exist for 3D-printed food products. Consumer acceptance could be a significant challenge that could hinder the success of 3D-printed meat analogs.
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Jalilian E, Elkin K, Shin SR. Novel Cell-Based and Tissue Engineering Approaches for Induction of Angiogenesis as an Alternative Therapy for Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3496. [PMID: 32429094 PMCID: PMC7278952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most frequent microvascular complication of long-term diabetes and the most common cause of blindness, increasing morbidity in the working-age population. The most effective therapies for these complications include laser photocoagulation and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal injections. However, laser and anti-VEGF drugs are untenable as a final solution as they fail to address the underlying neurovascular degeneration and ischemia. Regenerative medicine may be a more promising approach, aimed at the repair of blood vessels and reversal of retinal ischemia. Stem cell therapy has introduced a novel way to reverse the underlying ischemia present in microvascular complications in diseases such as diabetes. The present review discusses current treatments, their side effects, and novel cell-based and tissue engineering approaches as a potential alternative therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Jalilian
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Kenneth Elkin
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
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