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Song Y, Tang W, Han L, Liu Y, Shen C, Yin X, Ouyang B, Su Y, Guo X. Integration of nanomaterial sensing layers on printable organic field effect transistors for highly sensitive and stable biochemical signal conversion. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5537-5559. [PMID: 36880412 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05863d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic field effect transistor (OFET) devices are one of the most popular candidates for the development of biochemical sensors due to their merits of being flexible and highly customizable for low-cost large-area manufacturing. This review describes the key points in constructing an extended-gate type OFET (EGOFET) biochemical sensor with high sensitivity and stability. The structure and working mechanism of OFET biochemical sensors are described firstly, emphasizing the importance of critical material and device engineering to higher biochemical sensing capabilities. Next, printable materials used to construct sensing electrodes (SEs) with high sensitivity and stability are presented with a focus on novel nanomaterials. Then, methods of obtaining printable OFET devices with steep subthreshold swing (SS) for high transconductance efficiency are introduced. Finally, approaches for the integration of OFETs and SEs to form portable biochemical sensor chips are introduced, followed by several demonstrations of sensory systems. This review will provide guidelines for optimizing the design and manufacturing of OFET biochemical sensors and accelerating the movement of OFET biochemical sensors from the laboratory to the marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Song
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lei Han
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Chaochao Shen
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaokuan Yin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Bang Ouyang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yuezeng Su
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Liu H, Liu D, Yang J, Gao H, Wu Y. Flexible Electronics Based on Organic Semiconductors: from Patterned Assembly to Integrated Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206938. [PMID: 36642796 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic flexible electronic devices are at the forefront of the electronics as they possess the potential to bring about a major lifestyle revolution owing to outstanding properties of organic semiconductors, including solution processability, lightweight and flexibility. For the integration of organic flexible electronics, the precise patterning and ordered assembly of organic semiconductors have attracted wide attention and gained rapid developments, which not only reduces the charge crosstalk between adjacent devices, but also enhances device uniformity and reproducibility. This review focuses on recent advances in the design, patterned assembly of organic semiconductors, and flexible electronic devices, especially for flexible organic field-effect transistors (FOFETs) and their multifunctional applications. First, typical organic semiconductor materials and material design methods are introduced. Based on these organic materials with not only superior mechanical properties but also high carrier mobility, patterned assembly strategies on flexible substrates, including one-step and two-step approaches are discussed. Advanced applications of flexible electronic devices based on organic semiconductor patterns are then highlighted. Finally, future challenges and possible directions in the field to motivate the development of the next generation of flexible electronics are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Liu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Junchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Dual-gate thin film transistor lactate sensors operating in the subthreshold regime. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114958. [PMID: 36502715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) with an electrochemically functionalized sensing gate are promising platforms for wearable health-monitoring technologies because they are light, flexible, and cheap. Achieving both high sensitivity and low power is highly demanding for portable or wearable devices. In this work, we present flexible printed dual-gate (DG) organic TFTs operating in the subthreshold regime with ultralow power and high sensitivity. The subthreshold operation of the gate-modulated TFT-based sensors not only increases the sensitivity but also reduces the power consumption. The DG configuration has deeper depletion and stronger accumulation, thereby further making the subthreshold slope sharper. We integrate an enzymatic lactate-sensing extended-gate electrode into the printed DG TFT and achieve exceptionally high sensitivity (0.77) and ultralow static power consumption (10 nW). Our sensors are successfully demonstrated in physiological lactate monitoring with human saliva. The accuracy of the DG TFT sensing system is as good as that of a high-cost conventional assay. The developed platform can be readily extended to various materials and technologies for high performance wearable sensing applications.
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Shen Y, Liu C, He H, Zhang M, Wang H, Ji K, Wei L, Mao X, Sun R, Zhou F. Recent Advances in Wearable Biosensors for Non-Invasive Detection of Human Lactate. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1164. [PMID: 36551131 PMCID: PMC9776101 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lactate, a crucial product of the anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrates in the human body, is of enormous significance in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and scientific exercise management. The level of lactate in the bio-fluid is a crucial health indicator because it is related to diseases, such as hypoxia, metabolic disorders, renal failure, heart failure, and respiratory failure. For critically ill patients and those who need to regularly control lactate levels, it is vital to develop a non-invasive wearable sensor to detect lactate levels in matrices other than blood. Due to its high sensitivity, high selectivity, low detection limit, simplicity of use, and ability to identify target molecules in the presence of interfering chemicals, biosensing is a potential analytical approach for lactate detection that has received increasing attention. Various types of wearable lactate biosensors are reviewed in this paper, along with their preparation, key properties, and commonly used flexible substrate materials including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), paper, and textiles. Key performance indicators, including sensitivity, linear detection range, and detection limit, are also compared. The challenges for future development are also summarized, along with some recommendations for the future development of lactate biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Shen
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Chengkun Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Haijun He
- Engineering Research Center for Knitting Technology of the Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Keyu Ji
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Liang Wei
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Xue Mao
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Runjun Sun
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of the Ministry of Education, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi College Engineering Research Center of Functional Micro/Nano Textile Materials, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Fenglei Zhou
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Zhang C, Tang C, Mei Y, Zhang L, Zhu A, Tian Y. A ratiometric electrochemical sensor for selectively monitoring monoamine oxidase A in the live brain. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6487-6490. [PMID: 34100043 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00787d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an electrochemical method for selectively sensing and accurately quantifying monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in the cortex and thalamus of a live mouse brain was reported. Using this tool, it was found that MAO-A increased Ca2+ entry into neurons via the TPRM2 channel in the live mouse brain of an AD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Minami T. Design of Supramolecular Sensors and Their Applications to Optical Chips and Organic Devices. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Minami
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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TAKAHASHI Y, MASADOME T. Determination of Lactate by Sequential Injection Analysis Using a Fluoride Ion-selective Electrode Detector. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.20-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi TAKAHASHI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology
| | - Takashi MASADOME
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology
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Baek S, Kwon J, Mano T, Tokito S, Jung S. A Flexible 3D Organic Preamplifier for a Lactate Sensor. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000144. [PMID: 32613734 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Organic transistors are promising platforms for wearable biosensors. However, the strategies to improve signal amplification have yet to be determined, particularly regarding biosensors that generate very weak signals. In this study, an organic voltage amplifier is presented for a lactate sensor on flexible plastic foil. The preamplifier is based on a 3D complementary inverter, which is achieved by vertically stacking complementary transistors with a shared gate between them. The shared gate is extended and functionalized with a lactate oxidase enzyme to detect lactate. The sensing device successfully detects the lactate concentration in the human sweat range (20-60 mm) with high sensitivity (6.82 mV mm-1 ) due to high gain of its amplification. The 3D integration process is cost-effective as it is solution-processable and doubles the number of transistors per unit area. The device presented in this study would pave the way for the development of high-gain noninvasive sweat lactate sensors that can be wearable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Baek
- Department of Creative IT Engineering / Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Kwon
- Department of Creative IT Engineering / Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taisei Mano
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department of Creative IT Engineering / Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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Kubota R, Sasaki Y, Minamiki T, Minami T. Chemical Sensing Platforms Based on Organic Thin-Film Transistors Functionalized with Artificial Receptors. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2571-2587. [PMID: 31475522 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have attracted intense attention as promising electronic devices owing to their various applications such as rollable active-matrix displays, flexible nonvolatile memories, and radiofrequency identification (RFID) tags. To further broaden the scope of the application of OTFTs, we focus on the host-guest chemistry combined with the electronic devices. Extended-gate types of OTFTs functionalized with artificial receptors were fabricated to achieve chemical sensing of targets in complete aqueous media. Organic and inorganic ions (cations and anions), neutral molecules, and proteins, which are regarded as target analytes in the field of host-guest chemistry, were electrically detected by artificial receptors. Molecular recognition phenomena on the extended-gate electrode were evaluated by several analytical methods such as photoemission yield spectroscopy in the air, contact angle goniometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Interestingly, the electrical responses of the OTFTs were highly sensitive to the chemical structures of the guests. Thus, the OTFTs will facilitate the selective sensing of target analytes and the understanding of chemical conversions in biological and environmental systems. Furthermore, such cross-reactive responses observed in our studies will provide some important insights into next-generation sensing systems such as OTFT arrays. We strongly believe that our approach will enable the development of new intriguing sensor platforms in the field of host-guest chemistry, analytical chemistry, and organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Kubota
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153−8505, Japan
| | - Yui Sasaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153−8505, Japan
| | - Tsukuru Minamiki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153−8505, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Minami
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153−8505, Japan
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