Modern Electrode Technologies for Ion and Molecule Sensing

In high concentrations, ionic species can be toxic in the body, catalyzing unwanted bioreactions, inhibiting enzymes, generating free radicals, in addition to having been associated with diseases like Alzheimer's and cancer. Although ionic species are ubiquitous in the environment in trace amounts, high concentrations of these metals are often found within industrial and agricultural waste runoff. Therefore, it remains a global interest to develop technologies capable of quickly and accurately detecting trace levels of ionic species, particularly in aqueous environments that naturally contain other competing/inhibiting ions. Herein, we provide an overview of the technologies that have been developed, including the general theory, design, and benefits/challenges associated with ion-selective electrode technologies (carrier-doped membranes, carbon-based varieties, enzyme inhibition electrodes). Notable variations of these electrodes will be highlighted, and a brief overview of associated electrochemical techniques will be given.

Recent advances in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes: functional materials, transduction mechanisms, and development trends

This article presents a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the design and applications of solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs).

Fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotube–metallic nanoparticle hybrid nanostructure based electrochemical platforms for sensitive and practical colchicine detection

A MWCNT–Au–Pt hybrid nanostructure was used in the fabrication of electrochemical colchicine sensors for the first time.