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Ruscello B, Esposito M, Siligato G, Lunetta L, Marcelli L, Pantanella L, Gabrielli PR, D'ottavio S. Gender differences in instep soccer kicking biomechanics, investigated through a 3D human motion tracker system. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:1072-1080. [PMID: 32955833 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims at describing and comparing each other male and female soccer players kicking instep a stationary ball. The different measures we collected by the 3D motion capture system Movit G1 and the High-Speed Camera (240 fps) were considered as dependent variables, whereas the gender was considered as the independent one. METHODS Twenty soccer well trained non-professional players: 10 men (age: 25.3±6.5 yrs; height 1.80±0.07 m; body mass 76.9±13.2 kg) and 10 women (age: 19±3.34 yrs; height 1.64±0.07 m; body mass 58.2±7.2 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. RESULTS Gender differences were found, with a statistical significance (P<0.05) or interesting magnitude (Cohen d>0.5). The most relevant ones were the differences in hip extension of the kicking leg when the foot of the supporting one touches the ground, just before the impact on the ball (independent sample t-Test; P=0.03; Cohen d=1.64) and the speed of the ball, reached immediately after kicking (P<0.001;d=1.23). CONCLUSIONS These results, together with the greater pelvic acceleration shown by men compared to women, highlight the need to develop a gender-differentiated training model, in order to customize the kicking technique in women and to reduce the likelihood, currently higher than for men, of kicking related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ruscello
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy - .,School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy - .,Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy - .,LUISS SportLab, LUISS University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Mario Esposito
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Siligato
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Lunetta
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marcelli
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pantanella
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo R Gabrielli
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,LUISS SportLab, LUISS University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano D'ottavio
- School of Sport Sciences and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,LUISS SportLab, LUISS University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Soccer Footedness and Between-Limbs Muscle Strength: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:551-562. [PMID: 30975008 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Limb dominance and consequent between-limbs muscle strength in soccer players should be explored to determine a standard musculoskeletal profile to maintain and establish during screening protocols and postinjury rehabilitation. The primary aim of this review was to identify dominant- vs non-dominant-lower-extremity muscle-strength characteristics of healthy soccer players, with secondary aims to consider available between-limbs outcome measures and directions for future research. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Five electronic databases were used for study identification with guidance from a medical librarian. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies employing a cross-sectional design assessing soccer players of all ages, genders, and levels of play that identified limb dominance and associated lower-extremity muscle strength as a main purpose of the experiment. Results: The literature search identified 3471 articles. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 17 articles were included in the review. Peak torques and hamstring-to-quadriceps ratios via isokinetic dynamometry were commonly used, and subsequent meta-analyses were conducted to yield remarkable between-limbs symmetry. Additional results of individual studies also demonstrate symmetry, except 1 article of velocity-dependent measures that reported greater strength in the dominant limb. Conclusions: In soccer, between-limbs muscle strength measured by maximal isokinetic dynamometry demonstrates symmetry across ages, genders, and levels of play. Future testing using alternative measures that more specifically replicate the movement demands of soccer players may further classify between-limbs characteristics.
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