The Serum level of Nitric Oxide Metabolite in Two Different Protocols of Endurance and Speed Trainings in Healthy Young Men

Decreased nitric oxide serum level after pituitary adenoma resection

BACKGROUND

Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by the conversion of Arginine (Arg) into the NO and Citrulline (Cit). Although the NO is involved into the pathogenesis of several physiological and pathological processes, the role of NO in pituitary adenomas (PA) progression is not determined. Our purpose was to evaluate the relationship between NO and PA as well as the effect of tumor resection on NO metabolites level in serum.

METHODS

The study group consisted of 21 patients with PA, 18 patients with macroadenomas and 3 with microadenomas. Venous blood samples were collected at two time-points; 1) before the surgery and 2) 3-5 days after PA resection. Arg and Cit levels were determined by the automated ion-exchange chromatography with usage of Amino Acids Analyser (AAA 400). Commercially available kit for the evaluation of nitrate/nitrite serum levels was applied for indirect assessment of serum NO level.

RESULTS

Significant decrease in NO concentration after the surgery was observed in comparison with the time-point 1. Arg level did not significantly change during the study period. Cit level was ranged below the detection limit of applied method.

CONCLUSIONS

The decrease of NO level after the pituitary adenoma resection indicates the relationship between NO synthesis and PA occurrence.

Effect of aerobic exercise against vanadyl sulphate-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats

Introduction: Vanadium compounds are insulin like drugs which are accompanied with nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity as their major side effects. Aerobic exercise is well known as an approach to reduce the side effects of many drugs.

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the role of aerobic exercise against vanadyl sulphate induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in male rats.

Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I had aerobic exercise on a treadmill 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Group II received vanadyl sulphate (50 mg/kg/week; i.p.) for 6 weeks. Group III had combination of exercise and vanadyl sulphate therapy as groups 1 and 2. At the end of study, blood samples were obtained, and the animals were sacrificed for the tissues injury determination.

Results: Vanadyl sulphate alone increased serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and kidney weight (KW) and kidney tissue damage score (KTDS) (P<0.05). These observations revealed nephrotoxicity induced by vanadyl sulphate, although exercise training did not attenuate these results. In addition, vanadyl sulphate alone induced liver tissue damage score and exercise training intensified it insignificantly, while the serum levels of aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase were greater in exercise alone group than others groups.

Conclusion: Aerobic exercise could not attenuate vanadyl sulphate induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. These findings must be considered when vanadyl sulphate is suggested as insulin like drug.