Liver Enzymes and Uric acid in Acute Heart Failure

Alshamaa S. Evaluation of ejection fraction in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mosul City, Iraq

Between 1 January 2021 and 1 July 2021, 120 blood samples from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients—60 as controls and 60 patients—of both sexes who were accepted to the cardiac surgery unit at AL- Salam teaching hospital, the intensive cardiac care unit, and outpatient clinics in Mosul City/Iraq, were taken. In the presented research, the ejection fraction regarding patients with AMI was evaluated by echocardiography, and the blood-liver enzyme levels (ALP and AST \ ALT ratio) were examined in those patients. The findings indicate that patients with AMI in the age range of 35 to 45 years have a (52.41) % ejection fraction (EF) rate, which is closer to (51.344%) than it is in samples from healthy controls. In addition to that, findings indicate that patients in an age range of 46 to 56 years have heart failure with a mid-range EF (HFmrEF), with a (48.13%) percentage, whereas this heart failure type in healthy controls has been preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with (53.368 %). In the case of the comparison of the AST/ALT ratio and EF across all of the age groups that have been tested, the results suggest a significant level (P ≤ 0.050) relation between the ALP enzyme and EF for the patients within the (35-45 years) age group additionally, as there has been a positive and weak linear connection (r = 0.10650) and a nominal p-value (p = 0.47240) at a threshold of probability ≤ P 0.050, the link and correlation between the AST/ALT ratio and cardiac EF have been investigated. Keywords: ALP enzyme, AMI patients, Ejection Fraction, AST \ ALT ratio.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyxinol derivatives with anti-heart failure activity

Heart failure (HF) is an important and leading cause of substantial morbidity and mortality globally. The angiotensin-converting enzymatic (ACE) is the causative source for congestive heart failure. Natural products and its derivatives play a vital role in drug discovery and development owing to their efficacy and low toxicity. Pyxinol is a potent natural agent for cardiovascular disease. Thus we investigated the effect on ACE and HF of pyxinol derivatives. We designed and synthesized 32 novel fatty acid ester derivatives of pyxinol via esterification. Among them, compounds 2e (IC₅₀=105 nM) and 3b (IC₅₀=114 nM) displayed excellent ACE inhibitory activity in vitro, and exhibited non-toxic to H9c2 cells. The interactions between ACE and compounds were predicted by molecular docking respectively. In verapamil-induced zebrafish HF model, the activity assay showed that these two derivatives could improve cardiovascular physiological indexes including heart beats, venous congestion, heart dilation, cardiac output, ejection fraction and fractional shortening in a dose-dependent manner. A UPLC-QTOF-MS-based serum metabolomics approach was applied to explore the latent mechanism. A total of 25 differentiated metabolites and 8 perturbed metabolic pathways were identified. These results indicated that pyxinol fatty acid ester derivatives 2e and 3b might be considered as potent drug candidates against heart failure and deserved further research and development.