Impact of the IL-10 Promoter Gene Polymorphisms in the Severity of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

Host Factors in the Natural History of Chronic Hepatitis B: Role of Genetic Determinants

BACKGROUND

The host immune system plays an important role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection manifestation. Genetic polymorphisms of several inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-10, have been associated with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) progression, although with contradicting results. CHB progression can be categorized into four phases, immune tolerance (IT), immune clearance (IC), low/no replicative (LR), and e-negative hepatitis (ENH), with HBeAg seroconversion as an important milestone. Here, we determined the association of TNF-α (rs1800629) and IL-10 (rs1800896 and rs1800872) SNPs in the context of CHB natural history progression, particularly to HBeAg seroconversion, in Indonesian CHB patients.

METHODS

A total of 287 subjects were recruited and categorized into distinct CHB phases based on HBeAg, viral load, and ALT levels. TNF-α and IL-10 SNPs were determined using PCR-RFLP and confirmed with direct sequencing. The association between SNP genotypes with CHB dynamics was determined using logistic regression presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI.

RESULTS

No significant association was found between IL-10 -592A/C polymorphism and progression of IT and IC to LR, IT and IC to ENH, and LR to ENH phases in all the gene models. IL-10 rs1800896 and TNF-α rs1800629 could not be analyzed using logistic regression. Subjects' age (≥40 years old) was significantly associated with IT and IC to LR (OR: 2.191, 95% CI 1.067-4.578, P = 0.034), IT and IC to ENH (OR: 7.460, 95% CI 3.316-18.310, P < 0.001), and LR to ENH (OR: 5.252, 95% CI 2.010-14.858, P = 0.001). Male gender was associated with LR to ENH (OR: 4.077, 95% CI 1.605-11.023, P = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS

Age and male gender were associated with CHB phase progression instead of the TNF-α and IL-10 polymorphisms. It would be beneficial to study not only the effect of host determinants but also the viral factor to understand the mechanisms of CHB phase progression.

IL-6 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms and cirrhosis of liver risk from a comprehensive analysis

BACKGROUND

Different inflammatory and immune cytokines play a key role in the development of cirrhosis of liver (CL). To investigate the association between interleukin-6,10 (IL-6,10) genes polymorphisms and CL risk through comparison of the allele and genotype distribution frequencies by meta-analysis.

METHODS

A literature search covered with the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SinoMed (CNKI and Wanfang) through 20th April, 2021. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the strength of associations.

RESULTS

After a comprehensive search, three common polymorphisms (rs1800872, rs1800871, rs1800896) in IL-10 gene were selected, and three common polymorphisms (rs1800795, rs1800796, rs1800797) in IL-6 gene were also identified. The important finding was that IL-10 rs1800872 was a risk factor for CL development. For example, there has a significantly increased relationship between rs1800872 polymorphism and CL both in the whole group (OR: 1.30, 95%CI: 1.01-1.67 in heterozygote model), Asian population (OR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.03-1.88 in heterozygote model) and hospital-based source of control (OR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.01-1.96 in dominant model). In addition, significant association was found between rs1800896 and primary biliary cirrhosis subtype disease (OR: 1.30, 95%CI: 1.01-1.68 in allelic contrast model). No association was observed in all three polymorphisms in IL-6 gene.

CONCLUSION

Our present study suggests that the IL-10 rs1800872 and rs1800896 polymorphisms is potentially associated with the risk of CL susceptibility.

Genetic variation in IL-10 influences the progression of hepatitis B infection

OBJECTIVES

The outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection vary substantially among affected individuals, providing evidence of the role of host genetic background in the susceptibility to HBV persistence and the dynamics of liver injury progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODS

Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the interleukin 10 gene (IL10) were genotyped by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in 857 patients with chronic HBV infection (CHB), 48 patients with resolved HBV infection, and 100 healthy volunteers. Associations of the selected polymorphisms with susceptibility to chronic HBV infection, liver injury progression, and outcomes were investigated.

RESULTS

IL10 -819T (rs1800871), -592A (rs1800872), and +504T (rs3024490) alleles were associated with treatment-induced hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance. Additionally, IL10 ATAC haplotype increased the chance of HBsAg loss and was significantly more frequent in patients with less liver injury. Moreover rs1800871TT, rs1518110TT, rs1800872AA, and rs3024490TT genotypes were identified as predictors of a lower FIB-4 score (<0.5).

CONCLUSIONS

This study indicates that polymorphisms within the promoter region and intronic sequences of IL10 are associated with chronicity of hepatitis B and with HBV-induced liver damage.

Identification of Functional Genetic Polymorphisms at IL-10 Promoter Region and their Association with Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Han Population

BACKGROUND

Pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been suggested as modifying risk for atherosclerosis. Promoter region genetic polymorphism of IL-10 gene is known to be associated with the level of IL-10 production. Through these effects, they might be involved with the ischemic stroke (IS). Our aim was to assess the nature of the functional polymorphisms in IL-10 promoter and any links with IS in Chinese Han population.

METHODS

The IL-10 -1082 G>A, -819 C>T and -592 C>A functional polymorphisms were determined by TaqMan SNP Genotyping assays in 1296 subjects (648 IS patients diagnosed by CTs or/and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 648 normal healthy controls from Chinese Han Population). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to show the association between the IL-10 genotypes and the IS events.

RESULTS

We found that the CC genotype of -819 C>T was more common in controls than IS subjects (P<0.05, corrected for multiple testing) in the Han population. CC carriage may be associated with the decreased risk of IS in the Han ethnic group (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.43-0.97). In addition, the CC genotype in -592 C>A and GG genotype in -1082 G>A are all extremely low in Chinese Han cases and controls.

CONCLUSIONS

The G allele frequency at the -1082 promoter region of IL-10 was rare in Chinese Han population which are diffierent from American/European populations.. IL-10 -819 C>T may be an independent protective factor for IS in the Chinese Han population.

Association Between IL-10 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms (-592 A/C, -819 T/C, -1082 A/G) and Susceptibility to HBV Infection in an Iranian Population

BACKGROUND

IL-10 can play a vital role in immune response against HBV. Three biallelic SNPs from the transcription start site control the transcription of the IL-10 gene. An association between susceptibility to HBV and IL-10 polymorphisms has been suggested in patients with HBV infection.

OBJECTIVES

The present study was designed to study the association between polymorphisms in interleukin-10 (-1082 A/G, -819 T/C and -592 A/C) promoter gene and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

221 chronically infected patients and 200 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Three biallelic (-1082 A/G, -819 T/C and -592 A/C) polymorphisms in the IL-10 promoter gene were determined by PCR-RFLP method.

RESULTS

Persistent HBV infection was associated with IL-10-1082 AG (P = 0.001) and GG (P = 0.004) genotypes and G (P = 0.000) allele. IL-10-819 T/C and -592 A/C genotype and allele frequencies did not show any correlation with the risk of chronic hepatitis B infection.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that polymorphisms in interleukin-10 gene promoter influence clinical outcome of HBV infection and susceptibility to HBV infection.