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Bazie MM, Sanou M, Djigma FW, Compaore TR, Obiri-Yeboah D, Kabamba B, Nagalo BM, Simpore J, Ouédraogo R. Genetic diversity and occult hepatitis B infection in Africa: A comprehensive review. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:843-859. [PMID: 38818293 PMCID: PMC11135261 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a globally prevalent infection, with its frequency being influenced by the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a particular geographic region, including Africa. OBI can be transmitted through blood transfusions and organ transplants and has been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The associated HBV genotype influences the infection. AIM To highlight the genetic diversity and prevalence of OBI in Africa. METHODS This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and involved a comprehensive search on PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and African Journals Online for published studies on the prevalence and genetic diversity of OBI in Africa. RESULTS The synthesis included 83 articles, revealing that the prevalence of OBI varied between countries and population groups, with the highest prevalence being 90.9% in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and 38% in blood donors, indicating an increased risk of HBV transmission through blood transfusions. Cases of OBI reactivation have been reported following chemotherapy. Genotype D is the predominant, followed by genotypes A and E. CONCLUSION This review highlights the prevalence of OBI in Africa, which varies across countries and population groups. The study also demonstrates that genotype D is the most prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michee M Bazie
- Department of Medicine, Transmissible Diseases Laboratory, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 0000, Burkina Faso
| | - Mahamoudou Sanou
- Department of Medicine, Transmissible Diseases Laboratory, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 0000, Burkina Faso
| | - Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 0000, Burkina Faso.
| | - Tegwinde Rebeca Compaore
- Infectious and parasitic disease Laboratory, Health Sciences Research Institute, IRSS/CNRST, National Center for Scientific and Technological Research, Ouagadougou 0000, Burkina Faso
| | - Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast 0000, Ghana
| | - Benoît Kabamba
- Department of Clinical Biology, Virology Laboratory, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles 0000, Belgium
| | | | - Jacques Simpore
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 0000, Burkina Faso
| | - Rasmata Ouédraogo
- Department of Medicine, Transmissible Diseases Laboratory, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 0000, Burkina Faso
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Ahmad AEF, Bakari AG, Musa BOP, Mustapha SK, Yusuf BJ, Abdullahi IN, Tahir MI, Afolaranmi TO, Hawkins C, Sagay AS, Muktar HM, Usman Y, Anka AU, Olayinka AT. INDOLEAMINE-2,3-DIOXYGENASE GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS IN RESPONSE TO CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION IN ZARIA, NIGERIA. NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 4:https://ojshostng.com/index.php/NJI/article/view/2721. [PMID: 37829172 PMCID: PMC10569226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Hawkins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Haruna Mohammed Muktar
- Department of Haematology and Transfusion Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Yahaya Usman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar Umar Anka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Host Factors in the Natural History of Chronic Hepatitis B: Role of Genetic Determinants. Int J Hepatol 2022; 2022:6046677. [PMID: 36052277 PMCID: PMC9427277 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6046677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The host immune system plays an important role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection manifestation. Genetic polymorphisms of several inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-10, have been associated with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) progression, although with contradicting results. CHB progression can be categorized into four phases, immune tolerance (IT), immune clearance (IC), low/no replicative (LR), and e-negative hepatitis (ENH), with HBeAg seroconversion as an important milestone. Here, we determined the association of TNF-α (rs1800629) and IL-10 (rs1800896 and rs1800872) SNPs in the context of CHB natural history progression, particularly to HBeAg seroconversion, in Indonesian CHB patients. METHODS A total of 287 subjects were recruited and categorized into distinct CHB phases based on HBeAg, viral load, and ALT levels. TNF-α and IL-10 SNPs were determined using PCR-RFLP and confirmed with direct sequencing. The association between SNP genotypes with CHB dynamics was determined using logistic regression presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI. RESULTS No significant association was found between IL-10 -592A/C polymorphism and progression of IT and IC to LR, IT and IC to ENH, and LR to ENH phases in all the gene models. IL-10 rs1800896 and TNF-α rs1800629 could not be analyzed using logistic regression. Subjects' age (≥40 years old) was significantly associated with IT and IC to LR (OR: 2.191, 95% CI 1.067-4.578, P = 0.034), IT and IC to ENH (OR: 7.460, 95% CI 3.316-18.310, P < 0.001), and LR to ENH (OR: 5.252, 95% CI 2.010-14.858, P = 0.001). Male gender was associated with LR to ENH (OR: 4.077, 95% CI 1.605-11.023, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Age and male gender were associated with CHB phase progression instead of the TNF-α and IL-10 polymorphisms. It would be beneficial to study not only the effect of host determinants but also the viral factor to understand the mechanisms of CHB phase progression.
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Lin Y, Su C, Niu J, Guo Z, Lu Y. The Association between NFKBIA Polymorphisms and the Progression of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection among the Chinese Han Population. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 71:21-27. [PMID: 29093318 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on the involvement of nuclear factor-κB inhibitor alpha (NFKIBA) in the NF-κ B pathway, which is closely related to host immunity, we evaluated whether NFKIBA polymorphisms are associated with the disease progression of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We collected blood samples from a total of 212 treatment-naïve patients with chronic HBV infection. NFKBIA polymorphisms were determined by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were employed to quantify the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6). Unconditional logistic regression revealed that carriers of the TT genotype at rs2233406 had a greater risk (OR = 5.57, 95% CI = 2.14-14.52) of chronic HBV infection progression. A similar association was observed for the rs2233409 polymorphism, in which the OR for the TT genotype was 4.06 (95% CI = 1.70-9.71) compared to that for the wildtype CC genotype. Mutations at rs2233406 and rs2233409 also impact liver function parameters and cytokine levels. However, null associations were observed between these parameters and rs696 polymorphism. These findings suggest that reduced NFKBIA function leads to activation of the NF-κB pathway, and consequently causes inflammation and liver damage among patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University
| | - Chenghao Su
- Xiamen Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.,School of Public Health, Xiamen University
| | - Jianjun Niu
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University
| | - Zhinan Guo
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Yapi Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University
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Moudi B, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Hashemi M. Gene polymorphisms of macrophage migration inhibitory factor affect susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection in an Iranian cohort. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 60:390-6. [PMID: 27079941 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a key proinflammatory mediator, plays important roles in chronic diseases. In this study, an attempt was made to clarify the associations between some functional polymorphisms such as MIF-173 G/C, MIF 95 bp and 189 bp insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Polymorphisms were assessed in 221 HBV patients and 200 normal subjects. MIF-173 G/C and MIF 95 bp and 189 bp I/D polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR-RFLP and PCR, respectively. When allele and genotype frequencies of the variants were compared between patients and controls by the χ(2) test, it was found that the frequency of MIF-173 G/C genotypes differed significantly between patients with chronic HBV and healthy controls (P < 0.05). Carriers of the MIF -173-C allele were at significantly higher risk of HBV infection than carriers of the MIF -173-G allele (P = 0.009, OR = 1.549, 95% CI = 1.114 - 2.155). Moreover, 95 bp I/D polymorphism was not associated with CP and the 185 bp I/D variant was not polymorphic in our group of subjects. The frequency of haplotypes did not differ significantly between groups (χ(2) = 11.391, P = 0.181). Our results suggest that MIF -173 G/C variant increases the risk of HBV in Iranian subjects. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different ethnicities are required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Moudi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center.,Department of Histology, School of Medicine
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center.,Department of Histology, School of Medicine
| | | | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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6
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Zhu HL, Li X, Li J, Zhang ZH. Genetic variation of occult hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3531-3546. [PMID: 27053845 PMCID: PMC4814639 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i13.3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI), characterized as the persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) seronegativity and low viral load in blood or liver, is a special form of HBV infection. OBI may be related mainly to mutations in the HBV genome, although the underlying mechanism of it remains to be clarified. Mutations especially within the immunodominant “α” determinant of S protein are “hot spots” that could contribute to the occurrence of OBI via affecting antigenicity and immunogenicity of HBsAg or replication and secretion of virion. Clinical reports account for a large proportion of previous studies on OBI, while functional analyses, especially those based on full-length HBV genome, are rare.
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Dai X, Yi X, Sun Z, Ruan P. Cimicifuga foetida L. plus adefovir effectively inhibits the replication of hepatitis B virus in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:493-497. [PMID: 27073640 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) effect of Cimicifuga foetida L. (C. foetida) in the patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). A total of 60 randomly selected patients with CHB were recruited and divided into groups I and II. The patients in group I received a monotherapy of adefovir (ADV), and the patients in group II received a combination therapy of ADV and C. foetida for >48 weeks. Intrahepatic (IH) HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), serum HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), alanine aminotransferase levels and serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels were quantified during the test. Following the treatment, a significant reduction of the median IH cccDNA level was identified in group II (P=0.017), but not in group I (P=0.05, and P=0.01 between the 2 groups), and a significant reduction of log10 HBsAg was identified in groups I (P=0.012) and II (P<0.0001, and P=0.20 between the 2 groups). A significant increase of the median serum IFN-γ level was found in group II (P=0.0005), but not in group I (P=0.06, and P=0.004 between the 2 groups), and a significant reduction of the median TGF-β level was identified in groups I (P<0.0001) and II (P<0.0001, and P=0.002 between the 2 groups). A total of 24 patients in group I, and 27 patients in group II achieved a sustained virological response (P=0.0386), and 20 patients in group I and 24 in group II achieved hepatitis B e antigen seroclearance (P=0.0442). In conclusion, C. foetida can effectively inhibit HBV transcription and replication in the patients by stimulating the release of the inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xianfu Yi
- Department of Emergency, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Zequn Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Rastegarvand N, Makvandi M, Samarbafzadeh A, Rasti M, Neisi N, Pouremamali A, Teimoori A, Shabani A. Molecular Characterization of Pre-Core/Core and S Region of Hepatitis B Virus in Hemodialysis Patients With Occult Hepatitis B Infection. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e23686. [PMID: 26587212 PMCID: PMC4644307 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.23686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a major public health problem worldwide, which harbors potential risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission through blood transfusion and transplantation. OBI is characterized by the presence of HBV-DNA in the blood or liver tissue without detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the serum. An important cause of OBI is the occurrence of mutations in the HBV genome, especially in the S region. OBJECTIVES The study aims to analyze mutations in S and pre-core/core regions of HBV-DNA in hemodialysis patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sera of 216 hemodialysis patients were tested for HBsAg and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) by ELISA. Sera of patients that tested negative for HBsAg were evaluated by PCR for the detection of HBV-DNA in the S and pre-core/core regions. In total, six PCR products were sequenced, aligned, and compared with the HBV reference sequence. Amino acid deletion and nucleotide substitution were considered mutations in S and pre-core/core regions of HBV-DNA. RESULTS Among 216 patients, 203 (93.98%) and 175 (81.01%) sera samples tested negative for HBsAg and HBcAb, respectively. Among all HBsAg-negative samples, six (2.9%) tested positive for HBV-DNA, including four (1.97%) for S and two (0.98%) for pre-core regions. All four (1.97%) samples that tested positive for the S region belonged to HBV-subtype awy. The amino acid sequence of all four samples showed the YMDD motif in position 204 (rtM204). There were three amino acid substitutions in the S region (T127P, P153L, and F170S) and one substitution in the RT region (Y135S). Moreover, two (0.98%) pre-core/core positive patients had an unexpected stop codon in position 1896. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that 2.9% of hemodialysis patients had OBI, which is considered as a major public health problem worldwide. Moreover, we observed three mutations in S region, including T127P, P153L, and F170S, which caused OBI. This study is first to report a mutation analysis of HBV in hemodialysis patients in southwestern Iran. These results indicate that current screening tests based on HBsAg detection are not reliable for detection of HBV infection in dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Rastegarvand
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Department of Virology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Department of Virology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Manoochehr Makvandi, Department of Virology, Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-6133354389, Fax: +98-6133361544, E-mail:
| | - Alireza Samarbafzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Department of Virology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rasti
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Niloofar Neisi
- Department of Virology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Amir Pouremamali
- Department of Virology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Abdolnabi Shabani
- Department of Virology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
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Shu C, Wang J, He Y, Song T, Chen Z, Tang S, Tang X. Effects of interleukin 10 polymorphisms on the development of hepatitis B virus infection: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:12028-12040. [PMID: 26550115 PMCID: PMC4612800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Current opinion varies in the roles of the IL-10 polymorphisms in the process of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We have performed a systemic review and up-dated meta-analysis including 37 eligible case-control studies to summarize all the available data on the association between IL-10 polymorphisms and development of HBV infection. In the present study, we found that the IL-10-1082 G/A, -592 C/A polymorphisms were associated with a significantly decreased risk of chronic HBV infection (AA + GA vs. GG: P = 0.003, OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.37-0.82; AA vs. CA + CC: P = 0.03, OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.71-0.98). While the -819 C/T TT carriers were associated with a borderline significantly decreased risk of chronic HBV infection (TT vs. CT + CC: P = 0.05, OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68-1.00). Significant result was observed in the association between IL-10-1082 G/A polymorphism and HBV clearance (AA vs. GG: P = 0.04, OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.01-1.75). In addition, significant association was found between the -1082 G/A, -819 C/T polymorphisms and an increased risk of progression of HBV infection from asymptomatic carrier to chronic hepatitis B (AA + GA vs. GG: P = 0.0003, OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.41-3.22; TT + CT vs. CC: P = 0.005, OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.13-2.07), whereas the -592 C/A polymorphism was associated with a significantly decreased risk of progression from asymptomatic carrier to hepatocellular carcinoma (AA vs. CC: P = 0.02, OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43-0.92). Our meta-analysis suggested that the IL-10 polymorphisms might be associated with a decreased risk of chronic HBV infection, while the -1082 AA carriers might be more likely to clear HBV following acute infection. In addition, these three polymorphisms might cast in roles of the progression of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Shu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiarong Wang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yazhou He
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tiange Song
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Siqi Tang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xueyang Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
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Vukobrat-Bijedic Z, Mehmedovic A, Redzepovic A, Gogov B. Use of serum levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1alpha in chronic hepatitis B. Med Arch 2014; 68:94-7. [PMID: 24937930 PMCID: PMC4272509 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2014.68.94-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The reasons for the chronic viral persistence of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) are unknown, but are probably related to host immune factors. Cytokines play a significant role in immune defense. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine and some studies have demonstrated that IL-1 production was impaired in patients with chronic infections of hepatitis B virus, implying that IL-1 may play a role in viral clearance, progression of fibrosis and in malignant potential of HBV. In this study, along with routine laboratory tests, has been performed the analysis of serum levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 α in order of better understanding and monitoring of chronic hepatitis B. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness of laboratory tests, which are routinely used in the assessment of liver disease with specified immunological parameters in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Patients and methods: Total of 60 subjects was divided into two groups: HBV- PCR positive and negative group. The control group of 30 healthy participants was included. Apart from standard laboratory tests, the analysis included serum levels of cytokine IL-1 α. Results and discussion: IL-1α had the highest mean concentration in group 1–viral hepatitis C, with PCR positive test (5.73 pg / ml), and then in group 2- viral hepatitis B, PCR negative test (5.39 pg / ml). ANOVA test proves that IL-1α in the healthy group (3) was different from other groups as follows: in relation to group 1 statistical significance level was p <0.001 (F = 32 75 5); in relation to group 2 was also statistically significant at p <0.001 (F = 182 361); Cytokine IL-1 was statistically analyzed separately and compared by group 1 and 2 using Student t-test for independent samples. Statistical significance was observed at p = 0.026. IL-1 α was positively correlated with the duration of the illness (p <0.01) and with serum ALT activity (p <0.01) and serum AST activity (p <0.01). Using multivariate analysis model “Factor Analysis”, was made significant stratification predictive parameters in relation to the cytokine IL-1α, stratified significance is indicated as follows: 1. Age, 2. history of receiving transfusions, 3. ALT, 4. AST, 5. MELD score (negative), 6. Child-Pugh score (Negative). Conclusion: IL-1α was significantly elevated in inflammatory conditions of pronounced activity (PCR positive hepatitis). IL-1α may have important role as marker of both inflammation and hepatic injury, particularly in the course of hepatitis B. Results suggest that inflammatory and immune parameters, analyzed together can significantly contribute to the understanding and predicting of chronic liver damage. IL-1 can be used as important parameter of inflammatory activity and fibrosis evaluation and eventually prediction of malignant transformation in chronic liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Vukobrat-Bijedic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Referral Centre for gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Clinical Centre, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Corresponding author: prof. Zora Vukobrat-Bijedic, MD, PhD. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Centre, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bolnicka 25, Bosnia and Herzegovina. E-mail:
| | - Amila Mehmedovic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Referral Centre for gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Clinical Centre, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amir Redzepovic
- Institute for Emergency Medical Services, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Bisera Gogov
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Referral Centre for gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Clinical Centre, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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11
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Ruan P, Zhou B, Dai X, Sun Z, Guo X, Huang J, Gong Z. Predictive value of intrahepatic hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA and total DNA in patients with acute hepatitis B and patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving anti‑viral treatment. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1135-41. [PMID: 24566465 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the persistence and predictive values of intrahepatic (IH) hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and total DNA (tDNA) in patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB) and patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving anti‑viral treatment. The levels of IH cccDNA and tDNA, serum HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were detected in 11 patients with AHB and 46 patients with CHB who were receiving anti‑viral treatment, among whom 21 had primary treatment failure, 11 achieved virological response (VR) and 15 achieved VR and HBsAg seroclearance. The median IH cccDNA and tDNA levels in the patients with AHB (0.002 copies/cell and 0.04 copies/cell, respectively) were significantly lower than those in the patients with CHB. In the patients with CHB, the median IH cccDNA level among individuals who achieved VR and HBsAg seroclearance (0.012 copies/cell) was significantly lower than that in those who had failed primary treatment (4.18 copies/cell, P<0.0001) but not that in those who achieved solely VR (0.039 copies/cell, P=0.169). The median IH tDNA level in patients with CHB who achevied VR and HBsAg seroclearance (0.096 copies/cell) was significantly lower than that in those who failed primary treatment (371 copies/cell, P<0.0001) and those who achieved solely VR (1.62 copies/cell, P=0.001). No significant difference was observed in the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which was used to predict the likelihood of achieving VR and HBsAg seroclearance, between IH tDNA and IH cccDNA levels (0.96 and 0.88, respectively; P>0.10). IH cccDNA levels were shown to be positively correlated with serum ALT (P=0.024), HBeAg (P=0.001) and IH tDNA levels (P<0.0001), but not with serum HBV DNA (P=0.12) and HBsAg levels in either HBeAg‑positive (P=0.84) or in HBeAg‑negative (P=0.146) patients. In conclusion, IH cccDNA may persist in patients with AHB and patients with CHB who acheive VR and HBsAg seroclearance following anti‑viral treatment. Furthermore, IH cccDNA and tDNA may have potential in predicting successful therapeutic response in patients with CHB who receive anti‑viral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ruan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Boping Zhou
- The Institute of Hepatology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, P.R. China
| | - Xiufang Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Zequn Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- The Institute of Hepatology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- The Institute of Hepatology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, P.R. China
| | - Zuojiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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