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Shafiei N, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Amani J, Mirhosseini SA, Jafary H. Screening and identification of DNA nucleic acid aptamers against F1 protein of Yersinia pestis using SELEX method. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:722. [PMID: 38829419 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yersinia pestis is a bacterium that causes the disease plague. It has caused the deaths of many people throughout history. The bacterium possesses several virulence factors (pPla, pFra, and PYV). PFra plasmid encodes fraction 1 (F1) capsular antigen. F1 protein protects the bacterium against host immune cells through phagocytosis process. This protein is specific for Y. pestis. Many diagnostic techniques are based on molecular and serological detection and quantification of F1 protein in different food and clinical samples. Aptamers are small nucleic acid sequences that can act as specific ligands for many targets.This study, aimed to isolate the high-affinity ssDNA aptamers against F1 protein. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, SELEX was used as the main strategy in screening aptamers. Moreover, enzyme-linked aptamer sorbent assay (ELASA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were used to determine the affinity and specificity of obtained aptamers to F1 protein. The analysis showed that among the obtained aptamers, the three aptamers of Yer 21, Yer 24, and Yer 25 were selected with a KD value of 1.344E - 7, 2.004E - 8, and 1.68E - 8 M, respectively. The limit of detection (LoD) was found to be 0.05, 0.076, and 0.033 μg/ml for Yer 21, Yer 24, and Yer 25, respectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the synthesized aptamers could serve as effective tools for detecting and analyzing the F1 protein, indicating their potential value in future diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Shafiei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mirhosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Jafary
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang W, Yu H, Jin M. Applications of polymerase chain reaction‑based methods for the diagnosis of plague (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:511. [DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disease‑Related Biomarkers, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, P.R. China
| | - Zhanli Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disease‑Related Biomarkers, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, P.R. China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- General Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Huhehot, Inner Mongolia 010031, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disease‑Related Biomarkers, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, P.R. China
| | - Min Jin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disease‑Related Biomarkers, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014060, P.R. China
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Devadhasan JP, Gu J, Chen P, Smith S, Thomas B, Gates-Hollingsworth M, Hau D, Pandit S, AuCoin D, Zenhausern F. Critical Comparison between Large and Mini Vertical Flow Immunoassay Platforms for Yersinia Pestis Detection. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9337-9344. [PMID: 33989499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia pestis is a Gram-negative bacterium that is the causative agent of plague and is widely recognized as a potential biological weapon. Due to the high fatality rate of plague when diagnosis is delayed, the development of rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective methods is needed for its diagnosis. The Y. pestis low calcium response V (LcrV) protein has been identified as a potential microbial biomarker for the diagnosis of plague. In this paper, we present a highly sensitive, paper-based, vertical flow immunoassay (VFI) prototype for the detection of LcrV and the diagnosis of plague. An antigen-capture assay using monoclonal antibodies is employed to capture and detect the LcrV protein, using a colorimetric approach. In addition, the effect of miniaturizing the VFI device is explored based on two different sizes of VFI platforms, denoted as "large VFI" and "mini VFI." Also, a comparative analysis is performed between the VFI platform and a lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) platform to exhibit the improved assay sensitivity suitable for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. The analytical sensitivity or limit of detection (LOD) in the mini VFI is approximately 0.025 ng/mL, that is, 10 times better than that of the large VFI platform or 80 times over a standard lateral flow configuration. The low LOD of the LcrV VFI appears to be highly suitable for testing clinical samples and potentially diagnosing plague at earlier time points. In addition, optimization of the gold nanoparticle (AuNP) concentration, nanomaterial plasmonic properties, and flow velocity analysis could improve the performance of the VFI. Furthermore, we developed automated image analysis software that shows potential for integrating the diagnostic system into a smartphone. These methods and findings demonstrate that the VFI platform is a highly sensitive device for detecting the LcrV and potentially many other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Pramila Devadhasan
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Jian Gu
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Peng Chen
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Stanley Smith
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Baiju Thomas
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | | | - Derrick Hau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Sujata Pandit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - David AuCoin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 475 N 5th Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
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Yersinia pestis detection using biotinylated dNTPs for signal enhancement in lateral flow assays. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1112:54-61. [PMID: 32334682 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the extreme infectivity of Yersinia pestis it poses a serious threat as a potential biowarfare agent, which can be rapidly and facilely disseminated. A cost-effective and specific method for its rapid detection at extremely low levels is required, in order to facilitate a timely intervention for containment. Here, we report an ultrasensitive method exploiting a combination of isothermal nucleic acid amplification with a tailed forward primer and biotinylated dNTPs, which is performed in less than 30 min. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA) were used to optimise assay parameters for implementation on the LFA, and achieved detection limits of 45 pM and 940 fM using SA-HRP and SA-polyHRP, respectively. Replacing PCR with isothermal amplification, namely recombinase polymerase amplification, similar signals were obtained (314 fM), with just 15 min of amplification. The lateral flow detection of the isothermally amplified and labelled amplicon was then explored and detection limits of 7 fM and 0.63 fg achieved for synthetic and genomic DNA, respectively. The incorporation of biotinylated dNTPs and their exploitation for the ultrasensitive molecular detection of a nucleic acid target has been demonstrated and this generic platform can be exploited for a multitude of diverse real life applications.
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Ansari I, Grier G, Byers M. Deliberate release: Plague - A review. JOURNAL OF BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY 2020; 2:10-22. [PMID: 32835180 PMCID: PMC7270574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobb.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague and is considered one of the most likely pathogens to be used as a bioweapon. In humans, plague is a severe clinical infection that can rapidly progress with a high mortality despite antibiotic therapy. Therefore, early treatment of Y. pestis infection is crucial. This review provides an overview of its clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis, and protection requirements for the use of clinicians. We discuss the likelihood of a deliberate release of plague and the feasibility of obtaining, isolating, culturing, transporting and dispersing plague in the context of an attack aimed at a westernized country. The current threat status and the medical and public health responses are reviewed. We also provide a brief review of the potential prehospital treatment strategy and vaccination against Y. pestis. Further, we discuss the plausibility of antibiotic resistant plague bacterium, F1-negative Y. pestis, and also the possibility of a plague mimic along with potential strategies of defense against these. An extensive literature search on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was conducted to collate papers relevant to plague and its deliberate release. Our review concluded that the deliberate release of plague is feasible but unlikely to occur, and that a robust public health response and early treatment would rapidly halt the transmission of plague in the population. Front-line clinicians should be aware of the potential of a deliberate release of plague and prepared to instigate early isolation of patients. Moreover, front-line clinicians should be weary of the possibility of suicide attackers and mindful of the early escalation to public health organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issmaeel Ansari
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, Bethnal Green, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark St, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom.,The Institute of Pre-hospital Care, London's Air Ambulance, The Helipad, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Grier
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, Bethnal Green, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark St, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom.,The Institute of Pre-hospital Care, London's Air Ambulance, The Helipad, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Byers
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, Bethnal Green, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark St, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom.,The Institute of Pre-hospital Care, London's Air Ambulance, The Helipad, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
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Jauset-Rubio M, Tomaso H, El-Shahawi MS, Bashammakh AS, Al-Youbi AO, O'Sullivan CK. Duplex Lateral Flow Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Yersinia pestis and Francisella tularensis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12745-12751. [PMID: 30296053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High-risk pathogens such as Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis are categorized as highly hazardous organisms that can be used as biological weapons. Given the extreme infectivity of these potential biowarfare agents, a rapid, sensitive, cost-effective, and specific method for their detection is required. Here, we report the multiplexed amplification detection of genomic DNA from Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis. Amplification was achieved using isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification, exploiting tailed primers, followed by detection using a nucleic-acid lateral flow assay. Excess primers were removed using a novel fishing strategy, avoiding the use of postamplification purification that requires centrifugation and infers additional assay cost. The entire assay is completed in less than 1 h, achieving limits of detection of 243 fg (1.21 × 102 genome equivalent) and 4 fg (0.85 genome equivalent) for Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Jauset-Rubio
- INTERFIBIO Consolidated Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering , Universitat Rovira I Virgili , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses , Naumburger Strasse 96a , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Mohammad S El-Shahawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Bashammakh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman O Al-Youbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ciara K O'Sullivan
- INTERFIBIO Consolidated Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering , Universitat Rovira I Virgili , 43007 Tarragona , Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avancats , Passeig Lluís Companys 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
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