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Zeider K, Manjón I, Betterton EA, Sáez AE, Sorooshian A, Ramírez-Andreotta MD. Backyard aerosol pollution monitors: foliar surfaces, dust enrichment, and factors influencing foliar retention. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1200. [PMID: 37700111 PMCID: PMC10636967 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the leading causes of death from noncommunicable diseases globally, and in Arizona, both mining activities and abandoned agriculture can generate erodible dust. This dust is transported via wind and can carry high amounts of toxic pollutants. Industry-adjacent communities, or "fenceline communities," are generally closer to the pollution sources and are disproportionally impacted by pollution, or in this case, dust. The dust transported from the mine settles into nearby rivers, gardens, and homes, and increases the concentrations of elements beyond their naturally occurring amounts (i.e., enriched). This study was built upon previous community science work in which plant leaves were observed to collect similar concentrations to an accepted dust collection method and illustrated promise for their use as low-cost air quality monitors in these communities. This work investigated the concentration of Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Ba in dust from the leaves of community-collected backyard and garden plants (foliar dust), as well as if certain variables affected collection efficacy. This assessment evaluated (1) foliar concentration versus surface area for 11 elements, (2) enrichment factor (EF) values and ratios, (3) comparisons of foliar, garden, and yard samples to US Geological Survey data, and (4) what variable significantly affected dust collection efficacy. The EF results indicate that many of the samples were enriched (anthropogenically contaminated) and that the foliar samples were generally more contaminated than the yard and garden soil samples. Leaf surface area was the most influential factor for leaf collection efficiency (p < 0.05) compared to plant family or sampling location. Further studies are needed that standardize the plant species and age and include multiple replicates of the same plant species across partnering communities. This study has demonstrated that foliar dust is enriched in the participating partnering communities and that plant leaf samples can serve as backyard aerosol pollution monitors. Therefore, foliar dust is a viable indicator of outdoor settled dust and aerosol contamination and this is an adoptable monitoring technique for "fenceline communities."
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Zeider
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Iliana Manjón
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eric A Betterton
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, 1177 E Fourth Street, Rm. 429, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - A Eduardo Sáez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, 1177 E Fourth Street, Rm. 429, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Mónica D Ramírez-Andreotta
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health's Division of Community, Environment & Policy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Malakootian M, Mohammadi A, Nasiri A, Oliveri Conti G, Faraji M. Correlation between heavy metal concentration and oxidative potential of street dust. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2021; 15:731-738. [PMID: 34868387 PMCID: PMC8627698 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-021-01130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to consider oxidative potential (OP), its spatial distribution, and correlations with heavy metals (HMs) in street dust in Kerman city, Iran. The concentration of HMs in 35 street dust samples was detected by ICP-AES. The OP in samples was measured through dithiothreitol (DTT). The mean concentration of elements followed Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > As > Cd. The OP value was found to be 7.17 ± 2.98 nmol/min. µg dust in the current study. A strong correlation was observed among the concentrations of As and Cr and OP values in dust samples. More values of OP were observed in the center and west of the Kerman city. According to results of the current study, it could be concluded that OP can be applied as metrics of pollution originated from different sources and human health effects. The amount of OP in the street dust in the Kerman city can be reduced through the use of clean fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Malakootian
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammadi
- Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Alireza Nasiri
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia,”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maryam Faraji
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Castro MF, Almeida CA, Bazán C, Vidal J, Delfini CD, Villegas LB. Impact of anthropogenic activities on an urban river through a comprehensive analysis of water and sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:37754-37767. [PMID: 33721164 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of urban and industrial areas on an urban river through a comprehensive analysis of water and sediments. Six different sites along the San Luis River, Argentina, were characterized by measuring 12 physical-chemical parameters and nine heavy metals according to standard protocols. Metal pollution in sediment samples was evaluated with several indices. Cluster analysis was applied to standardized experimental data in order to study spatial variability. As, Cu, Cr, Mn, Pb, and Zn were the main contributors to sediment pollution, and the industrial zone studied showed moderate enrichment of Co, Cu, and Zn, probably due to anthropogenic activities. Cluster analysis allowed the grouping of the sites: sediment samples were classified into two clusters according to the metal content; water samples were arranged into three groups according to organic matter content. The results were compared with sediment and water quality guidelines. They indicated progressive deterioration of water and sediment quality compared with the background area, mainly in the sites following the industrial park and domestic discharge areas. Moreover, the results showed that the analysis of both water and sediment should be considered to achieve a watershed contamination profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Castro
- Instituto de Química San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia de la Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - César Américo Almeida
- Instituto de Química San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia de la Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Cristian Bazán
- Instituto de Química San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia de la Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Juan Vidal
- Instituto de Química San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia de la Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
- Departamento de Minería, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia de la Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Claudio Daniel Delfini
- Instituto de Química San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia de la Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Liliana Beatriz Villegas
- Instituto de Química San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia de la Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina.
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Malakootian M, Mohammadi A, Nasiri A, Asadi AMS, Conti GO, Faraji M. Spatial distribution and correlations among elements in smaller than 75 μm street dust: ecological and probabilistic health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:567-583. [PMID: 33052509 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate spatial distribution, correlations among elements and ecological and probabilistic health risk assessment in smaller than 75 μm street dust in Kerman city, Iran. Street dust samples were collected from 35 different points. Elements were detected by ICP-AES. Pollution degree was characterized through Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) and Potential Ecological Risk (PER). The health risk was assessed using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The mean values of elements were in the order of Al > Mn > Zn > Cu > V > Pb > Cr > Ni > Li > As > Co > Mo > Sb > Cd > Ag. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) showed that Al, As, Co, Li, Mn and V were possibly derived from natural sources (local soil), while traffic and mining activities were proposed as the main source of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn. The order of EF and CF mean values decreased as follows: Mn > Ag > Cu > Zn > Pb > Sb > Mo > Li > Co > V > Cd > As > Cr > Ni. In addition, 73% of Cu and 35% of Zn, Ag and Mn had significant enrichment in the street dust samples. Also, Ag and Mn were categorized in the significant and very significant pollution category. In terms of the PER index, all samples could be classified at low-risk category. Ingestion of street dust was the significant route for exposure of residents of Kerman to the elements studied. No significant ecological hazards and health risks were observed from street dust in the study area in the period of the study. The improvement in the fuels quality and development of green spaces can be suggested to control natural and anthropogenic street dust pollution sources in the Kerman city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Malakootian
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammadi
- Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Alireza Nasiri
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maryam Faraji
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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