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Shestak NV, Grishin AV, Lyashchuk AM, Lunin VG, Anna SK. The choice of chromatographic resin for the purification of recombinant lysostaphin affects its activity. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 207:106274. [PMID: 37084838 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Lysostaphin is a zinc-dependent endopeptidase that is effective against both antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Lysostaphin is typically purified on cation-exchange or metal-chelate affinity resins, and there are data indicating potential influence of the chromatographic resin on the lysostaphin activity. In this study, we systematically investigated the impact of the resin used to purify the recombinant lysostaphin on its activity. To this end, recombinant lysostaphin with an additional histidine tag at the C-terminus was purified using a cation-exchange resin, three types of nickel-chelate resins with different strength of metal ion binding, or a zinc-chelate resin. Lysostaphin samples purified on the cation-exchange resin (WorkBeads 40S), the nickel-chelate resin with the strong nickel ion binding (WorkBeads NiMAC), and the zinc-chelate resin (WorkBeads NTA with immobilized zinc ions) had equal activity. On the contrary, the activity of lysostaphin preparations purified on nickel-chelate resins with medium (WorkBeads Ni-NTA) and relatively weak (WorkBeads Ni-IDA) nickel ion binding was significantly reduced. The decrease in activity can be explained by the interaction of lysostaphin with the nickel ions leached from the resin and is caused by either the exchange of the zinc ion in the lysostaphin active center with a nickel ion from the resin, or binding of an additional ion that inhibits the enzymatic activity. Removal of metal ions from the active site of lysostaphin and subsequent incorporation of the native zinc ions lead to complete restoration of the activity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Shestak
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Gamalei st., 18, Russian Federation; Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Leninskiye Gory, 1, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander V Grishin
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Gamalei st., 18, Russian Federation; All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550, Moscow, Timiryazevskaya st., 42, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander M Lyashchuk
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Gamalei st., 18, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G Lunin
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Gamalei st., 18, Russian Federation; All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550, Moscow, Timiryazevskaya st., 42, Russian Federation
| | - S Karyagina Anna
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Gamalei st., 18, Russian Federation; All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550, Moscow, Timiryazevskaya st., 42, Russian Federation; A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Leninskiye Gory, 1, Russian Federation
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Zha J, Li J, Su Z, Akimbekov N, Wu X. Lysostaphin: Engineering and Potentiation toward Better Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11441-11457. [PMID: 36082619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lysostaphin is a potent bacteriolytic enzyme with endopeptidase activity against the common pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. By digesting the pentaglycine crossbridge in the cell wall peptidoglycan of S. aureus including the methicillin-resistant strains, lysostaphin initiates rapid lysis of planktonic and sessile cells (biofilms) and has great potential for use in agriculture, food industries, and pharmaceutical industries. In the past few decades, there have been tremendous efforts in potentiating lysostaphin for better applications in these fields, including engineering of the enzyme for higher potency and lower immunogenicity with longer-lasting effects, formulation and immobilization of the enzyme for higher stability and better durability, and recombinant expression for low-cost industrial production and in situ biocontrol. These achievements are extensively reviewed in this article focusing on applications in disease control, food preservation, surface decontamination, and pathogen detection. In addition, some basic properties of lysostaphin that have been controversial and only elucidated recently are summarized, including the substrate-binding properties, the number of zinc-binding sites, the substrate range, and the cleavage site in the pentaglycine crossbridge. Resistance to lysostaphin is also highlighted with a focus on various mechanisms. This article is concluded with a discussion on the limitations and future perspectives for the actual applications of lysostaphin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zheng Su
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Nuraly Akimbekov
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Chen KJ, Lee CK. Self-cleaved expression of recombinant lysostaphin from its cellulose binding domain fusion. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5023-5033. [PMID: 35790549 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mature lysostaphin (mLst) is a glycineglycine endopeptidase, capable of specifically cleaving penta-glycine crosslinker in the peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus cell wall. It is a very effective therapeutic enzyme to kill the multidrug-resistant S. aureus often encountered in hospital acquired infections. Fusing cellulose binding domain (CBD) to mLst significantly reduced the insoluble expression of mLst in E. coli. Employing mLst-cleavable peptides as fusion linkers leaded to an effective self-cleavage expression that CBD and mLst could be completely cleaved off from the fusions during the expression process. The presence of residue linker fragment at N-terminus of the cleaved-off mLst strongly inhibited the cell lytic activity of the recovered recombinant mLst, and only ~ 50% of the wild-type mLst activity could be retained. Intact CBD-Lst fusions were obtained when uncleavable peptide linkers were employed. With CBD at N-terminus of mLst, the intact fusion completely lost its cell lytic activity but the dipeptidase activity still remained. In contrast, approximately 10% cell lytic activity of mLst still could be maintained for the fusion with CBD at C-terminus of mLst. KEY POINTS: • CBD fusion enhanced soluble expression of recombinant lysostaphin. • In vivo self-cleavage of fusion linkers by the expressed lysostaphin fusions. • Self-cleaved lysostaphin fusions retain most of dipeptidase but lose 50% cell lytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Jung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Wang J, Xia X, Zhao P, He X, Zhang S, Wang T, Xu Z. High-level secretory production of lysostaphin in Escherichia coli mutant by codon optimization and atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Far BE, Ragheb M, Rahbar R, Mafakher L, Nojookambari NY, Achinas S, Yazdansetad S. Cloning and expression of Staphylococcus simulans lysostaphin enzyme gene in Bacillus subtilis WB600. AIMS Microbiol 2021; 7:271-283. [PMID: 34708172 PMCID: PMC8500799 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2021017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysostaphin is a glycylglycine endopeptidase, secreted by Staphylococcus simulans, capable of specifically hydrolyzing pentaglycine crosslinks present in the peptidoglycan of the Staphylococcus aureus cell wall. In this paper, we describe the cloning and expression of the lysostaphin enzyme gene in Bacillus subtilis WB600 host using pWB980 expression system. Plasmid pACK1 of S. simulans was extracted using the alkaline lysis method. Lysostaphin gene was isolated by PCR and cloned into pTZ57R/T-Vector, then transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α. The amplified gene fragment and uncloned pWB980 vector were digested using PstI and XbaІ enzymes and purified. The restricted gene fragment was ligated into the pWB980 expression vector by the standard protocols, then the recombinant plasmid was transformed into B. subtilis WB600 using electroporation method. The recombinant protein was evaluated by the SDS-PAGE method and confirmed by western immunoblot. Analysis of the target protein showed a band corresponding to 27-kDa r-lysostaphin. Protein content was estimated 91 mg/L by Bradford assay. The recombinant lysostaphin represented 90% of its maximum activity at 40 °C and displayed good thermostability by keeping about 80% of its maximum activity at 45 °C. Heat residual activity assay of recombinant lysostaphin demonstrated that the enzyme stability was up to 40 °C and showed good stability at 40 °C for 16 h incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Elyasi Far
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehran Ragheb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbar
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ladan Mafakher
- Medical Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Neda Yousefi Nojookambari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Spyridon Achinas
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sajjad Yazdansetad
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Ehsani G, Farahnak M, Norouzian D, Ehsani P. Immobilization of recombinant lysostaphin on nanoparticle through biotin-streptavidin conjugation technology as a geometrical progressed confrontation against Staphylococcus aureus infection. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:1058-1066. [PMID: 32918836 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and the colonization of resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus on surfaces, often in the form of biofilms, prolong hospitalization periods and increase mortality, thus is a significant concern for healthcare providers. To prevent biofilm formation, the inadequate concentration of using nanoparticles as antibacterial coating agents is one of the major obstacles. This study aimed to design a hypervalency TiO2 nanocomposite as a reserved base to carry a high amount of active antibacterial agents such as lysostaphin via a biotin-streptavidin-biotin bridge. The utilization of the streptavidin-biotin system could increase the abundance of lysostaphin. Lysostaphin was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Both recombinant lysostaphin and titanium oxide nanocomposite were conjugated with biotin and linked to a streptavidin bridge. The kinetics and activity of the enzyme were examined after each step utilizing N-acetylhexaglycine as a substrate. Physical characteristics of nanoparticles containing lysostaphin were determined using AFM, SEM, FTIR, and zeta potential. The results showed changes in size, charge, and morphology of the nanoparticles following the lysostaphin attachment. Also, the stability and kinetics of the active biological enzymes on nanoparticles were reexamined following 8 months of storage. Exploiting this approach, various biotinylated antibacterial agents could be prepared and rapidly immobilized on a nanoparticle as an active net against related infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelareh Ehsani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farahnak
- Department of Pilot Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Norouzian
- Department of Pilot Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Ehsani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Ghadiri E, Naghavi NS, Ghaedi K. Molecular cloning and characterizing of Bacillus subtilis cellulase collected from central-northern Iran forests. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Enzybiotics LYSSTAPH-S and LYSDERM-S as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Chronic MRSA Wound Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080519. [PMID: 32824115 PMCID: PMC7459665 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial antibiotic therapy has played an important role in the treatment of bacterial infections for almost a century. The increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics leads to an attempt to use previously neglected antibacterial therapies. Here we provide information on the two recombinantly modified antistaphylococcal enzymes derived from lysostaphin (LYSSTAPH-S) and endolysin (LYSDERM-S) derived from kayvirus 812F1 whose target sites reside in the bacterial cell wall. LYSSTAPH-S showed a stable antimicrobial effect over 24-h testing, even in concentrations lower than 1 µg/mL across a wide variety of epidemiologically important sequence types (STs) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), especially in the stationary phase of growth (status comparable to chronic infections). LYSDERM-S showed a less potent antimicrobial effect that lasted only a few hours at concentrations of 15 μg/mL and higher. Our data indicate that these antimicrobial enzymes could be of substantial help in the treatment of chronic MRSA wound infections.
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A Rapid Lysostaphin Production Approach and a Convenient Novel Lysostaphin Loaded Nano-emulgel; As a Sustainable Low-Cost Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Combating Platform. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030435. [PMID: 32178236 PMCID: PMC7175171 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive pathogen that is capable of infecting almost every organ in the human body. Alarmingly, the rapid emergence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus strains (MRSA) jeopardizes the available treatment options. Herein, we propose sustainable, low-cost production of recombinant lysostaphin (rLST), which is a native bacteriocin destroying the staphylococcal cell wall through its endopeptidase activity. We combined the use of E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET15b, factorial design, and simple Ni-NTA affinity chromatography to optimize rLST production. The enzyme yield was up to 50 mg/L culture, surpassing reported systems. Our rLST demonstrated superlative biofilm combating ability by inhibiting staphylococcal biofilms formation and detachment of already formed biofilms, compared to vancomycin and linezolid. Furthermore, we aimed at developing a novel rLST topical formula targeting staphylococcal skin infections. The phase inversion composition (PIC) method fulfilled this aim with its simple preparatory steps and affordable components. LST nano-emulgel (LNEG) was able to extend active LST release up to 8 h and cure skin infections in a murine skin model. We are introducing a rapid, convenient rLST production platform with an outcome of pure, active rLST incorporated into an effective LNEG formula with scaling-up potential to satisfy the needs of both research and therapeutic purposes.
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Sadeghi S, Bakhshandeh H, Ahangari Cohan R, Peirovi A, Ehsani P, Norouzian D. Synergistic Anti-Staphylococcal Activity Of Niosomal Recombinant Lysostaphin-LL-37. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9777-9792. [PMID: 31849468 PMCID: PMC6911324 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s230269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Staphylococcus aureus is the most common persistent pathogen in humans, so development of new formulations to combat pathogen invasion is quite necessary. Methods In the current study, for the first time, the synergistic activity of recombinant lysostaphin and LL-37 peptide was studied against S. aureus. Moreover, different niosomal formulations of the peptide and protein were prepared and analyzed in terms of size, shape, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Also, a long-term antibacterial activity of the best niosomal formulation and free forms was measured against S. aureus in vitro. Results The optimal niosomal formulation was obtained by mixing the surfactants (span60 and tween60; 2:1 w/w), cholesterol, and dicetylphosphate at a ratio of 47:47:6, respectively. They showed uniform spherical shapes with the size of 565 and 325 nm for lysostaphin and LL-37, respectively. This formulation showed high entrapment efficiency for the peptide, protein, and a slow-release profile over time. Release kinetic was best fitted by Higuchi model indicating a diffusion-based release of the drugs. The lysostaphin/LL-37 niosomal formulation synergistically inhibited growth of S. aureus for up to 72 hours. However, the same amounts of free forms of both anti-microbial agents could not hold the anti-microbial effect and growth was seen in the following 72 hours. Cytotoxicity assay specified that lysostaphin/LL-37 niosomal combination had no deleterious effect on normal fibroblast cells at effective antimicrobial concentrations. Conclusion This study indicated that the use of lysostaphin in combination with LL-37, either in niosomal or free forms, synergistically inhibited growth of S. aureus in vitro. In addition, niosomal preparation of antimicrobial agents could provide a long-term protection against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Sadeghi
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, New Technology Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Bakhshandeh
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, New Technology Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, New Technology Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Peirovi
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, New Technology Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Ehsani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Norouzian
- Department of Nano Biotechnology, New Technology Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Ehsani G, Fahmide F, Norouzian D, Atyabi SM, Ehsani P. Bioactivity Determination of Recombinant lysostaphin Immobilized on Glass Surfaces Modified by Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.7.4.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Production of Lysostaphin by Nonproprietary Method Utilizing a Promoter from Toxin–Antitoxin System. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:774-782. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Jin X, Yao J, Fan H, Che Y, Pan J, Zhang L, Pan X, Gelbič I, Huang T, Guan X. Heterologous expression and purification of BtCspB, a novel cold-shock protein-like bacteriocin from Bacillus thuringiensis BRC-ZYR2. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:23. [PMID: 30666554 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteriocin BtCspB, active against a food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus, was identified and purified by a traditional four-step chromatographic process with low yield (44.5 µg/L) in our lab previously. The aim of this study was to dramatically increase its yield by heterologous expression of BtCspB. The BtCspB gene from Bt BRC-ZYR2 was successfully heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Affinity chromatography was used to obtain the pure BtCspB up to 20 mg/L. The purified BtCspB showed a MIC value of 12.5 µg/mL and a MBC value of 50.0 µg/mL against Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987. The bacteriocin activity of BtCspB against B. cereus ATCC 10987 was further directly detected in a gel-overlay assay. The anti-B. cereus activity, however, was lower than the bacteriocin purified by the traditional four-step chromatographic process probably because of structural modifications. Compared with the traditional method, the yield of the bacteriocin by heterologous expression increased by 449 times, and the purification step was dramatically simplified, which laying a foundation for the industrial production of this novel cold-shock protein-like bacteriocin BtCspB active against B. cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Junmin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Haili Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yucheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jieru Pan
- Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ivan Gelbič
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Tianpei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences & College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
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Sadoogh Abbasian S, Soufian S, Ghaznavi-Rad E, Abtahi H. High Level Activity of Recombinant Lysostaphin After Computer Simulation and Additive-Based Refolding. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fahimirad S, Abtahi H, Razavi SH, Alizadeh H, Ghorbanpour M. Production of Recombinant Antimicrobial Polymeric Protein Beta Casein-E 50-52 and Its Antimicrobial Synergistic Effects Assessment with Thymol. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060822. [PMID: 28561787 PMCID: PMC6152712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Accelerating emergence of antimicrobial resistance among food pathogens and consumers’ increasing demands for preservative-free foods are two contemporary challenging aspects within the food industry. Antimicrobial packaging and the use of natural preservatives are promising solutions. In the present study, we used beta-casein—one of the primary self-assembly proteins in milk with a high polymeric film production capability—as a fusion partner for the recombinant expression of E 50-52 antimicrobial peptide in Escherichia coli. The pET21a-BCN-E 50-52 construct was transformed to E. coli BL21 (DE3), and protein expression was induced under optimized conditions. Purified protein obtained from nickel affinity chromatography was refolded under optimized dialysis circumstances and concentrated to 1600 µg/mL fusion protein by ultrafiltration. Antimicrobial activities of recombinant BCN-E 50-52 performed against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus, and Candida albicans. Subsequently, the synergistic effects of BCN-E 50-52 and thymol were assayed. Results of checkerboard tests showed strong synergistic activity between two compounds. Time–kill and growth kinetic studies indicated a sharp reduction of cell viability during the first period of exposure, and SEM (scanning electron microscope) results validated the severe destructive effects of BCN E 50-52 and thymol in combination on bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Fahimirad
- Agriculture and Natural Resources Biotechnology Department, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran; (S.F.); (S.H.R.); (H.A.)
| | - Hamid Abtahi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak 38181-76941, Iran
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-913-114-6154
| | - Seyed Hadi Razavi
- Agriculture and Natural Resources Biotechnology Department, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran; (S.F.); (S.H.R.); (H.A.)
| | - Houshang Alizadeh
- Agriculture and Natural Resources Biotechnology Department, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran; (S.F.); (S.H.R.); (H.A.)
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 3815688349, Iran;
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Evolution of the Immune Response against Recombinant Proteins (TcpA, TcpB, and FlaA) as a Candidate Subunit Cholera Vaccine. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:2412747. [PMID: 28191473 PMCID: PMC5278207 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2412747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera and annually leads to death of thousands of people around the globe. Two factors in the pathogenesis of this bacterium are its pili and flagella. The main subunits of pili TcpA, TcpB, and FlaA are the constituent subunit of flagella. In this study, we studied the ability of pili and flagella subunits to stimulate immune responses in mice. After amplification of TcpA, TcpB, and FlaA genes using PCR, they were cloned in expression plasmids. After production of the above-mentioned proteins by using IPTG, the proteins were purified and then approved using immunoblot method. After injection of the purified proteins to a mice model, immune response stimulation was evaluated by measuring the levels of IgG1 and IgG2a antibody titers, IL5 and IFN-γ. Immune response stimulation against pili and flagella antigens was adequate. Given the high levels of IL5 titer and IgG1 antibody, the stimulated immune response was toward Th1. Humoral immune response stimulation is of key importance in prevention of cholera. Our immunological analysis shows the appropriate immune response in mice model after vaccination with recombinant proteins. The high level of IL5 and low level of IFN-γ show the activation of Th2 cell response.
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Boksha IS, Lavrova NV, Grishin AV, Demidenko AV, Lyashchuk AM, Galushkina ZM, Ovchinnikov RS, Umyarov AM, Avetisian LR, Chernukha MI, Shaginian IA, Lunin VG, Karyagina AS. Staphylococcus simulans Recombinant Lysostaphin: Production, Purification, and Determination of Antistaphylococcal Activity. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:502-10. [PMID: 27297900 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916050072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus simulans lysostaphin is an endopeptidase lysing staphylococcus cell walls by cleaving pentaglycine cross-bridges in their peptidoglycan. A synthetic gene encoding S. simulans lysostaphin was cloned in Escherichia coli cells, and producer strains were designed. The level of produced biologically active lysostaphin comprised 6-30% of total E. coli cell protein (depending on E. coli M15 or BL21 producer) under batch cultivation conditions. New methods were developed for purification of lysostaphin without affinity domains and for testing its enzymatic activity. As judged by PAGE, the purified recombinant lysostaphin is of >97% purity. The produced lysostaphin lysed cells of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus clinical isolates. In vitro activity and general biochemical properties of purified recombinant lysostaphin produced by M15 or BL21 E. coli strains were identical to those of recombinant lysostaphin supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (USA) and used as reference in other known studies. The prepared recombinant lysostaphin represents a potential product for development of enzymatic preparation for medicine and veterinary due to the simple purification scheme enabling production of the enzyme of high purity and antistaphylococcal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Boksha
- N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia.
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Development of an arCagA Antigen-Based Assay for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Stool Specimens. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.39119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abtahi H, Farhangnia L, Ghaznavi-Rad E. In Vitro and in Vivo Antistaphylococcal Activity Determination of the New Recombinant Lysostaphin Protein. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e28489. [PMID: 27217919 PMCID: PMC4870841 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.28489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bacterial infection by antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains is a worldwide concern and the development of novel antistaphylococcal agents is acutely needed. Lysostaphin, an example of such novel agents, is a bacteriocin secreted by S. simulans to kill S. aureus through proteolysis of the Staphylococcus cell wall. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antistaphylococcal activity of recombinant lysostaphin. Materials and Methods: The in vitro study of the recombinant lysostaphin activity against S. aureus was determined by turbidimetric assay. For in vivo investigation, two groups of rats were inoculated with 1.4 × 109 CFU S. aureus. Five days after the nasal instillation of S. aureus, treatment in one of the groups was performed with a single dose (200 μg/dose) of recombinant lysostaphin formulated in Eucerin-based cream. Results: Recombinant lysostaphin at 100 μg/mL concentration showed a significant decrease of the optical density compared to the control samples. The in vivo study demonstrated that a single dose (200 μg/dose) of recombinant lysostaphin cream significantly reduced nasal colonization in all the treated animals compared to the untreated ones. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the recombinant lysostaphin produced in this study was able to kill nasal S. aureus in rats. It can be recommended for human clinical trial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Abtahi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran
| | - Leila Farhangnia
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran
| | - Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-8634173526, E-mail:
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