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Palma L, Ruiz de Escudero I, Mañeru-Oria F, Berry C, Caballero P. UV protection and insecticidal activity of microencapsulated Vip3Ag4 protein in Bacillus megaterium. Toxicon 2024; 247:107807. [PMID: 38897358 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, secretable Vip3Ag4 protein was encapsulated in Bacillus megaterium and used for quantitative bioassays, in order to determine the UV photoprotective capacity of the cell, for preventing inactivation of the insecticidal activity of the protein. The non-encapsulated and purified protein was exposed to the UV light showing a LC50 of 518 ng/cm2 against Spodoptera littoralis larvae, whereas the exposed encapsulated protein exhibited 479 ng/cm2. In addition to the capability to accumulate Vip3 proteins for the development of novel insecticidal formulates, the B. megaterium cell has demonstrated to provide moderate protection against the deleterious action of UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Palma
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Departamento de Genética, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Iñigo Ruiz de Escudero
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology-IMAB, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco Mañeru-Oria
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology-IMAB, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Colin Berry
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Primitivo Caballero
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology-IMAB, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006, Pamplona, Spain; Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Bioinsectis SL, Plaza Cein 5, Nave A14, 31110, Noáin, Spain.
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Du X, Luo X, Tan W, Guan X, Zhang L. Effect of yhfS gene on Bt LLP29 antioxidant and UV ray resistance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2087-2097. [PMID: 36715224 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a widely used microbial insecticide. However, its persistence is limited because of ultraviolet (UV) rays or other environmental factors. The yhfS gene, which encodes acetyl-CoA acyltransferase, plays an important role in lipid transport and metabolism in many organisms. To explore whether it is related to the stress resistance of Bt LLP29, the yhfS gene knockout strain LLP29 Δ-yhfS and the complementary strain LLP29 R-yhfS were generated successfully by homologous recombination technology, and the related phenotypic changes were compared in this study. RESULTS Gene yhfS was found to be functional in response to UV radiation in Bt by comparing the survival rates of Bt LLP29 harboring yhfS or not under UV light. Enzyme activity assays of key enzymes showed the the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway was enhanced yet the tricarboxylic acid cycle as well as butanoate synthesis were repressed when the gene was deleted. At the same time, the amino acid content was decreased, but reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content were increased. Most noteworthy, antioxidase (such as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) activities and contents of some potent antioxidants (such as pyruvate, carotenoids and NADPH) were lower in LLP29 Δ-yhfS than in LLP29. CONCLUSION These tests revealed that the loss of the yhfS gene led to metabolic disorders and reduction of the antioxidant ability of Bt. Higher ROS level and lower anti-oxidative capacity might be responsible for the reduced UV resistance when the gene was deleted. These results not only greatly enrich understanding of the mechanism of Bt UV resistance, but also provide an important theoretical basis for Bt application. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Plant Protection and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Yile Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Plant Protection and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Plant Protection and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Plant Protection and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weilong Tan
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Eastern Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Plant Protection and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Plant Protection and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Ma W, Guan X, Miao Y, Zhang L. Whole Genome Resequencing Revealed the Effect of Helicase yqhH Gene on Regulating Bacillus thuringiensis LLP29 against Ultraviolet Radiation Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065810. [PMID: 36982883 PMCID: PMC10054049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a widely used microbial pesticide. However, its duration of effectiveness is greatly shortened due to the irradiation of ultraviolet rays, which seriously hinders the application of Bt preparations. Therefore, it is of great importance to study the resistance mechanism of Bt to UV at the molecular level to improve the UV-resistance of Bt strains. In order to know the functional genes in the UV resistance, the genome of UV-induced mutant Bt LLP29-M19 was re-sequenced and compared with the original strain Bt LLP29. It was shown that there were 1318 SNPs, 31 InDels, and 206 SV between the mutant strain and the original strain Bt LLP29 after UV irradiation, which were then analyzed for gene annotation. Additionally, a mutated gene named yqhH, a member of helicase superfamily II, was detected as an important candidate. Then, yqhH was expressed and purified successfully. Through the result of the enzymatic activity in vitro, yqhH was found to have ATP hydrolase and helicase activities. In order to further verify its function, the yqhH gene was knocked out and complemented by homologous recombinant gene knockout technology. The survival rate of the knockout mutant strain Bt LLP29-ΔyqhH was significantly lower than that of the original strain Bt LLP29 and the back-complemented strain Bt LLP29-ΔyqhH-R after treated with UV. Meanwhile, the total helicase activity was not significantly different on whether Bt carried yqhH or not. All of these greatly enrich important molecular mechanisms of Bt when it is in UV stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiong Guan
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ying Miao
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education & Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Alkassab AT, Beims H, Janke M, Pistorius J. Determination, distribution, and environmental fate of Bacillus thuringiensis spores in various honeybee matrices after field application as plant protection product. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25995-26001. [PMID: 35218483 PMCID: PMC8986675 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based plant protection products (PPPs) has recently raised some concerns regarding their environmental accumulation and possible chronic exposure of non-target species, including pollinators, to higher than expected doses. The exposure level of such microbial PPPs in bee's matrices under field conditions has not yet been described. Therefore, the current study aims at evaluating the realistic exposure level and comparing the distributions and persistence of Bt spores under field conditions. A field trial with spray application in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) as a representative bee-attractive crop was conducted. During the experimental period, different matrices, including honeybee-collected and -stored matrices as well as bee larvae and dead bees, were collected and analyzed using newly established methods. The concentration of Bt spores in the various matrices was quantified. The results show high levels of Bt spores in honey sac and pollen pellets with reduction over time but no reduction of Bt spores in the stored matrices within the colony, i.e., nectar and bee bread, over time. Our results show for the first time the exposure level of bees to Bt spores under realistic field conditions and are fundamentally important for assessing potential exposure and risks for pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahim T Alkassab
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Bee Protection, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Hannes Beims
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Institute for Apiculture, Celle, Germany
| | - Martina Janke
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Institute for Apiculture, Celle, Germany
| | - Jens Pistorius
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Bee Protection, Braunschweig, Germany
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Singh S, Nimse SB, Mathew DE, Dhimmar A, Sahastrabudhe H, Gajjar A, Ghadge VA, Kumar P, Shinde PB. Microbial melanin: Recent advances in biosynthesis, extraction, characterization, and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107773. [PMID: 34022328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is a common name for a group of biopolymers with the dominance of potential applications in medical sciences, cosmeceutical, bioremediation, and bioelectronic applications. The broad distribution of these pigments suggests their role to combat abiotic and biotic stresses in diverse life forms. Biosynthesis of melanin in fungi and bacteria occurs by oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds predominantly by two pathways, 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene [DHN] or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine [DOPA], resulting in different kinds of melanin, i.e., eumelanin, pheomelanin, allomelanin, pyomelanin, and neuromelanin. The enzymes responsible for melanin synthesis belong mainly to tyrosinase, laccase, and polyketide synthase families. Studies have shown that manipulating culture parameters, combined with recombinant technology, can increase melanin yield for large-scale production. Despite significant efforts, its low solubility has limited the development of extraction procedures, and heterogeneous structural complexity has impaired structural elucidation, restricting effective exploitation of their biotechnological potential. Innumerable studies have been performed on melanin pigments from different taxa of life in order to advance the knowledge about melanin pigments for their efficient utilization in diverse applications. These studies prompted an urgent need for a comprehensive review on melanin pigments isolated from microorganisms, so that such review encompassing biosynthesis, bioproduction, characterization, and potential applications would help researchers from diverse background to understand the importance of microbial melanins and to utilize the information from the review for planning studies on melanin. With this aim in mind, the present report compares conventional and modern ideas for environment-friendly extraction procedures for melanin. Furthermore, the characteristic parameters to differentiate between eumelanin and pheomelanin are also mentioned, followed by their biotechnological applications forming the basis of industrial utilization. There lies a massive scope of work to circumvent the bottlenecks in their isolation and structural elucidation methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Singh
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Satish B Nimse
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, Republic of Korea
| | - Doniya Elze Mathew
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Asmita Dhimmar
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harshal Sahastrabudhe
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Apexa Gajjar
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vishal A Ghadge
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pramod B Shinde
- Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Eskandari S, Etemadifar Z. Biocompatibility and radioprotection by newly characterized melanin pigment and its production from Dietzia schimae NM3 in optimized whey medium by response surface methodology. ANN MICROBIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-021-01628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
To characterize and optimize the productivity of melanin using an extremotolerant actinobacterium, Dietzia schimae NM3, for the first time.
Methods
An extracellular brown pigment produced by D. schimae NM3 in the nutrient broth and cheese whey medium by adding L-tyrosine. The extracted melanin was analyzed by UV-visible, HPLC, and FTIR assays. The radical scavenging activity (by DPPH) and sun protection factor (SPF) of the extracted melanin were measured. The melanin cytotoxicity was assayed by MTT and chromate biosorption was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Finally, melanin production by D. schimae NM3 was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken design in the whey medium.
Result
The purified melanin showed similar peak to the standard melanin (SIGMA) at 3.5 min in HPLC, and C=O bands, NH2, CH, C-N, and aromatic groups by FTIR. The radical scavenging activity (by DPPH) and SPF of the extracted melanin were obtained 188.9% and 20.22, respectively. Using MTT assay, the melanin revealed non-toxic effect on the normal human fibroblast (HFB) cell culture. The melanin yield 790 mg l−1, and tyrosinase activity 3400 U ml−1 were obtained in the medium contained whey powder [5% (w v−1)], L-tyrosine 2.5 g l−1, CuSO4 0.013 g l−1, and pH 10.5, incubated at 32 °C for 3 days. The ANOVA results indicated significant P-value, model F-value, and probability, with insignificant lack of fit. After optimization with mono-factors, the nutrient broth came up with melanin yield as 1.2 g l−1 and tyrosinase activity as 4040 U ml−1.
Conclusion
This is the first report of melanin production by D. schimae NM3 and this natural melanin showed valuable biological properties such as high antioxidant activity and radioprotection (SPF) and the biocompatibility to human cell line.
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Castro M, Jiménez J, Ortiz A, Sansinenea E. Di[(R)-2-ethylhexyl] Phthalate, a Bioactive Metabolite First Isolated from Three Different Bacillus Species, and its Synthesis. LETT ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178616666190718125617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most common phthalate ester, which has been
used as a plasticizer for the production of numerous polymers, particularly polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Many other groups have synthesized meso-DEHP indicating interest in this molecule, but we are the
first to synthesize enantiomerically pure di[(R)-2-ethylhexyl] phthalate. We report herein, for the first
time, the isolation - from the cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis, B. subtilis, and B. velezensis strains - of
di[(R)-2-ethylhexyl] phthalate, enantiomerically pure and in good yields: its biological activity against
bacteria and fungi was probed and for the first time its synthesis was done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Castro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico
| | - Jacqueline Jiménez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico
| | - Aurelio Ortiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico
| | - Estibaliz Sansinenea
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico
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Antimicrobial secondary metabolites from agriculturally important bacteria as next-generation pesticides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1013-1034. [PMID: 31858191 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The whole organisms can be packaged as biopesticides, but secondary metabolites secreted by microorganisms can also have a wide range of biological activities that either protect the plant against pests and pathogens or act as plant growth promotors which can be beneficial for the agricultural crops. In this review, we have compiled information about the most important secondary metabolites of three important bacterial genera currently used in agriculture pest and disease management.
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Ortiz A, Sansinenea E. Chemical Compounds Produced by Bacillus sp. Factories and Their Role in Nature. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:373-380. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180829113612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are able to produce hundreds of unique chemical structures that can be effectively used by the human beings on their own benefit using the products in the chemical industry. Bacteria belonging to Bacillus genera are very good chemical factories capable to synthesize different compounds with a wide variety of activities. In this review, we try to review the compounds with their respective biological activities produced by different species of Bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Ortiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, C.P. 72570, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Estibaliz Sansinenea
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, C.P. 72570, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
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Maghsoudi S, Jalali E. Noble UV protective agent for Bacillus thuringiensis based on a combination of graphene oxide and olive oil. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11019. [PMID: 28887475 PMCID: PMC5591285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this study is investigating the performance of graphene oxide (GO) in the protective effect of olive oil on Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) after being exposed to UV radiations. Biological pesticides Bt subsp. Kurstaki is one of the most important biological control agents. We compared the protective effect of two UV protectant; GO and olive oil and also the combination of both, on the stability of the formulation of Bt after exposure to UV radiations. Spore viability was measured for protective effect and bioassay test was performed on the formulations of Bt. The combination of GO and olive oil revealed the highest viabilities of 50.62% after 96 h exposure to UV radiation, while viabilities of free spore, olive oil formulation and GO formulation were 32.54%, 37.19%,and 45.20%, respectively. The mortality of irradiated combination formulation on second-instar larvae Ephestia Kuehniella was 68.89%, while the same parameter for free spore, olive oil formulation and GO formulation were 40%, 46.66%,and 56%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Maghsoudi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran P.O. Box, 76169-133, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Elham Jalali
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran P.O. Box, 76169-133, Kerman, Iran
- Young Researchers Society, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, P.O. Box, 76175-133, Kerman, Iran
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A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39425. [PMID: 28004743 PMCID: PMC5177894 DOI: 10.1038/srep39425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis is an important factor in determining the success of this product as a pest control agent. In this report we present the development of a highly active mosquitocidal formulation with high resistance to UV. LLP29-M19 strain of Bt, selected by repeated exposure to UV was found to be highly resistant to UV. The product was optimized and the methods used were statistically analyzed. Using single-factor experiments it was determined that the optimal concentration of sodium alginate, CaCl2 and hollow glass beads in the formulation were 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the interaction of the three factors, CaCl2, sodium alginate and hollow glass beads in the sustained-release formulation. The best combined concentration and mutual effects of the three factors were optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that the most favorable composition was sodium alginate 0.78%, CaCl2 4.52%, hollow glass bead 3.12%, bacterial powder 3.0%, melanin 0.015%, sodium benzoate 0.2%, and mouse feed 0.5%, resulting in the immobilization time of 4.5 h, at which time the corrected sustained-release virulence rose 2391.67 fold, which was 6.07-fold higher than the basic formulation and deviated only 5.0% from the value predicted by RSM.
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12
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Diketopiperazines derivatives isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus endophyticus , establishment of their configuration by X-ray and their synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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