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Léguillier V, Heddi B, Vidic J. Recent Advances in Aptamer-Based Biosensors for Bacterial Detection. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:210. [PMID: 38785684 PMCID: PMC11117931 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria is becoming increasingly important for the timely prevention of contamination and the treatment of infections. Biosensors based on nucleic acid aptamers, integrated with optical, electrochemical, and mass-sensitive analytical techniques, have garnered intense interest because of their versatility, cost-efficiency, and ability to exhibit high affinity and specificity in binding bacterial biomarkers, toxins, and whole cells. This review highlights the development of aptamers, their structural characterization, and the chemical modifications enabling optimized recognition properties and enhanced stability in complex biological matrices. Furthermore, recent examples of aptasensors for the detection of bacterial cells, biomarkers, and toxins are discussed. Finally, we explore the barriers to and discuss perspectives on the application of aptamer-based bacterial detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Léguillier
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institut, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1319, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
- ENS Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée (LBPA), UMR8113 CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Brahim Heddi
- ENS Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée (LBPA), UMR8113 CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institut, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1319, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
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2
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Li Q, Dou L, Zhang Y, Luo L, Yang H, Wen K, Yu X, Shen J, Wang Z. A comprehensive review on the detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in food samples. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13264. [PMID: 38284582 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), the major virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus, cause a wide range of food poisoning and seriously threaten human health by infiltrating the food supply chain at different phases of manufacture, processes, distribution, and market. The significant prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus calls for efficient, fast, and sensitive methods for the early detection of SEs. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the hazards of SEs in contaminated food, the characteristic and worldwide regulations of SEs, and various detection methods for SEs with extensive comparison and discussion of benefits and drawbacks, mainly including biological detection, genetic detection, and mass spectrometry detection and biosensors. We highlight the biosensors for the screening purpose of SEs, which are classified according to different recognition elements such as antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, T-cell receptors, and transducers such as optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors. We analyzed challenges of biosensors for the monitoring of SEs and conclude the trends for the development of novel biosensors should pay attention to improve samples pretreatment efficiency, employ innovative nanomaterials, and develop portable instruments. This review provides new information and insightful commentary, important to the development and innovation of further detection methods for SEs in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Leina Dou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
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Lim KL, Khor WC, Ong KH, Timothy L, Aung KT. Occurrence and Patterns of Enterotoxin Genes, spa Types and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Staphylococcus aureus in Food and Food Contact Surfaces in Singapore. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1785. [PMID: 37512957 PMCID: PMC10386305 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus contamination of food and food contact surfaces is a public health concern given its virulent and antimicrobial-resistant properties worldwide. In this study, a total of 181 MSSA isolates were analyzed for SE genes, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and spa types. Overall, 24.9% of isolates were positive for SE gene detection, with sea being the most prevalent classical SE (18.8%). The most predominant sample sources for SE gene contamination were hand swabs for sea (6/48), meat dishes for seb (3/14) and seafood dishes for sec (2/24). Antimicrobial resistance was also observed at relatively high frequencies for the clinically important antibiotics penicillin G and ampicillin (both 54.7%), followed by tetracycline (14.9%) and azithromycin (8.8%). In addition, characterization of spa types revealed spa type t5078 to be the most predominant (40.3%), with significant associations between spa types t127 and t5521 and the sea gene. This study offers insights into the enterotoxin gene and antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. aureus in cooked or ready-to-eat food to inform future surveillance and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker Li Lim
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Techquest, Singapore 609919, Singapore
| | - Wei Ching Khor
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Techquest, Singapore 609919, Singapore
| | - Kar Hui Ong
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Techquest, Singapore 609919, Singapore
| | - Lois Timothy
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Dr, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Kyaw Thu Aung
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Techquest, Singapore 609919, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Dr, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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4
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Staphylococcus aureus from Minas Artisanal Cheeses: Biocide Tolerance, Antibiotic Resistance and Enterotoxin Genes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common contaminant in artisanal raw-milk cheeses. Tolerance of S. aureus to biocides is a threat to disinfection in the cheese production environment, while antibiotic resistance and enterotoxin production are additional health concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of S. aureus isolated from Minas artisanal cheeses to the biocides benzalkonium chloride, hexadecylpyridinium chloride, cetrimide, triclosan, hexachlorophene, and chlorhexidine, and the simultaneous occurrence of genes coding for antibiotic resistance (mecA, aacA-aphD, and tetK), efflux pumps [qacA/B and smr (qacC/D)], and enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei, and sej). Among the tested isolates, 38.2% were resistant to at least one biocide, and 73.1% were positive for one or more antibiotic resistance gene. Most of the biocide-tolerant and antibiotic-resistant isolates harbored efflux pump genes, and were positive for at least one staphylococcal enterotoxin gene. The study highlights the need for correct hygiene monitoring programs to ensure the safety of these products.
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Assessing the Microbiological Safety Parameters of Minas Artisanal Cheese Samples in Retail Environments in São Paulo, Brazil. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Minas artisanal cheese is the best known and most consumed type of cheese in Brazil. Prepared with raw bovine milk and starter cultures, these cheeses face many opportunities for post-processing contamination during their transport to commercial establishments as well as in how they are stored, displayed, and maintained for cutting/slicing at retail establishments. It is a common practice for retailers to purchase entire cheeses from the producers, cut them into smaller pieces for retail sale, and store them at room temperature instead of properly refrigerating them. This study evaluated the microbiological safety parameters of samples of Minas artisanal cheeses collected at retail establishments in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, to more realistically assess consumer exposure to the most common pathogens. Samples were submitted for investigation of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and the counts of total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and coagulase-positive enterotoxigenic staphylococci using culture and real-time PCR methods. A worrisome number of samples failed to comply with the current Brazilian legislation for foods in retail environments and presented more than one non-compliance issue. Results highlighted that quality and safety management tools, such as good hygiene practices and HACCP, in retail environments deserve more attention to reduce the possible risks to consumer health.
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Diab MS, Ibrahim NA, Elnaker YF, Zidan SA, Saad MA. Molecular detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes isolated from mastitic milk and humans in El-Behira, Egypt. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2021.70-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Milk is a chief source of many nutrients. However, we must also bear in mind that it is a potential source for many cases of food poisoning. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of cow mastitis and evaluate the presence of enterotoxins and antibiotic resistance patterns in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and contact humans in El-Behira Province, Egypt.
Materials and Methods: A total of 680 milk samples from 170 cows and 86 human samples consisting of 43 hand swabs and 43 nasal swabs were analyzed. The milk samples were subjected to the California mastitis test.
Results: The general occurrence was 23.1% (157/680) where 48 quarters had clinical mastitis and 109 had subclinical mastitis. Subsequently, S. aureus was isolated in Baird-Parker agar where typical and atypical colonies were selected and submitted to coagulase and complementary tests. Out of 48 samples of mastitic milk studied, 16 (33.3%) showed contamination by S. aureus whereas 109 samples of subclinical mastitis showed contamination in only 18 (16.5%). On the opposite hand, of the 86 human samples, 33 revealed S. aureus contamination, corresponding to 38.37% of the samples. Furthermore, multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting nuc and the staphylococcal enterotoxin-encoding genes sea, seb, sec, sed, and see were performed after culture, revealing that 88.2% (30/34) of milk samples and 93.9% (31/33) of human samples were variably positive to those genes.
Conclusion: The use of nuc gene based PCR is an accurate and rapid method for S aureus isolates detection. A high prevalence of multiple drug-resistant isolates of S. aureus recovered from both human and milk represents further evidence for possible veterinary hazards as well as public hazards, especially to those that consume milk from this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Diab
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Egypt
| | - Nermin A. Ibrahim
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Yasser F. Elnaker
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Egypt
| | - Sherif A. Zidan
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Saad
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ShebinAl-Kom, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
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Abdeen EE, Mousa WS, Abdel Salam SY, Al-Maary KS, Mubarak AS, Moussa IM, Hemeg HA, Almuzaini AM, Alajaji AI, Alsubki RA, Elbehiry A. Antibiogram and phylogenetic diversity of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains from milk products and public health implications. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1968-1974. [PMID: 32714020 PMCID: PMC7376128 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) toxins is considered one of the foremost public health threat that usually occurs through the ingestion of raw milk contaminated with staphylococcal enterotoxins. The current study spotlights on the prevalence, antibiogram and genetic diversity of S. aureus enterotoxin genes. One hundred and fifty of raw milk (90) and ice cream (60) samples were randomly collected from local markets from Sadat city, Egypt. S. aureus was recovered from 44% of raw milk and 20% of ice cream samples. The identification for the obtained S. aureus isolates was confirmed through targeting the nuc gene. Antibiogram pattern of 32 S. aureus isolates showed high resistance to Cefoxitin, Sulpha/Trimethoprim, Tetracycline, Norfloxacin, Penicillin and Cephradine. However, high susceptibility to Gentamycin and Vancomycin were observed. Multiplex PCR was a competent practise for the recognition of Staphylococcus enterotoxin (SE) genes (SEA, SEB and SED). The phylogenetic analysis of the SED gene of enterotoxigenic S. aureus strains showed identical similarity with 100% to each other and high similarity with other international isolates in GenBank from different localities and sources. The frequency of enterotoxigenic S. aureus strains in milk products could have serious hazardous effects on humans. These results suggested possible strains transmission between different geographical areas through the food and milk product trades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman E Abdeen
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Walid S Mousa
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Sarah Y Abdel Salam
- Veterinarian at Veterinary Administrator in Khanka, Division of Public Health, Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Khalid S Al-Maary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman S Mubarak
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihab M Moussa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Technology/Microbiology, College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Almuzaini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I Alajaji
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roua Abdullah Alsubki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Elbehiry
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32897, Egypt.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukairiyah, Saudi Arabia
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Hnasko R, Lin AV, McGarvey JA. Rapid Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-B by Lateral Flow Assay. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2020; 38:209-212. [PMID: 31603743 PMCID: PMC6791480 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2019.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A cohort of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated against Staphylococcal enterotoxin-B (SEB) and selected by double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for solution capture of the toxin. Clonal hybridoma cell lines were established and a pair of anti-SEB mAbs selected for the development of a sandwich ELISA. Immobilized 3D6 mAb (IgG1, kappa) when paired with 4C9 mAb (IgG1, kappa) conjugated to horseradish peroxidase generates a typical dose–response curve with an EC50 of 24.8 ng/mL for purified SEB using chemiluminescent detection. These mAbs bind SEB by Western blot and ELISA binding to classical enterotoxin serotypes show that the 3D6 mAb binds both SEB and the SEC1 serotypes, whereas 4C9 binds only SEB. These mAbs effectively port onto lateral flow test strips with a visual detection sensitivity for SEB of 5 ng/mL in <10 minutes using a 4C9 conjugated to a 40 nm gold reporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hnasko
- USDA-ARS Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit (PSM), Albany, California
| | - Alice V Lin
- USDA-ARS Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit (PSM), Albany, California
| | - Jeffery A McGarvey
- USDA-ARS Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit (FTDP), Albany, California
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Bragina VA, Znoyko SL, Orlov AV, Pushkarev AV, Nikitin MP, Nikitin PI. Analytical Platform with Selectable Assay Parameters Based on Three Functions of Magnetic Nanoparticles: Demonstration of Highly Sensitive Rapid Quantitation of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in Food. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9852-9857. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera A. Bragina
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey L. Znoyko
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Orlov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskii per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Averyan V. Pushkarev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskii per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Maxim P. Nikitin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskii per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Petr I. Nikitin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Mousavi Nodoushan S, Nasirizadeh N, Amani J, Halabian R, Imani Fooladi AA. An electrochemical aptasensor for staphylococcal enterotoxin B detection based on reduced graphene oxide and gold nano-urchins. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 127:221-228. [PMID: 30622036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) as a bacterial toxin causing severe food poisoning is of great importance. Herein, we developed an electrochemical aptasensor for SEB detection using a screen printed electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and gold nano-urchins (AuNUs). Afterward, the single-stranded DNA probe was attached to the surface of AuNUs on the modified electrode and then the specific aptamer was attached to the probe. In the presence of SEB molecules, the aptamer detached from the electrode surface and after applying the electrochemical signal generator, hematoxylin and the peak current of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were recorded. Due to the intercalation mechanism of hematoxylin-DNA interaction, the detachment of aptamer from electrode surface decreased the DPV peak current and the calibration graph (peak current vs SEB concentration) can be used for quantification of SEB. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and also field emission scanning electron microscope imaging were used for electrode characterization. Selectivity experiments of the developed aptasensor showed a very distinct difference between SEB and other nonspecific molecules. A wide linear range from 5.0 to 500.0 fM was achieved and the detection limit was calculated as 0.21 fM. The performance of the aptasensor was checked in spiked food samples as simulated real samples and the results showed no significant difference compared to the synthetic samples. Results of selectivity and repeatability of the aptasensor were satisfactory. In addition, better recovery percentages and also lower standard deviation of aptasensor compared to a commercial ELISA kit of SEB detection proved the superior performance of the proposed aptasensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mousavi Nodoushan
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-44711, Iran
| | - Navid Nasirizadeh
- Department of Textile and Polymer Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd 8916871967, Iran.
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-44711, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-44711, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-44711, Iran.
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12
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Wang W, Baloch Z, Jiang T, Zhang C, Peng Z, Li F, Fanning S, Ma A, Xu J. Enterotoxigenicity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Retail Food in China. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2256. [PMID: 29209290 PMCID: PMC5702451 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of zoonotic agent in the world, which are attributable to the contamination of food with enterotoxins. In this study, a total of 1,150 S. aureus isolates were cultured from 27,000 retail foods items from 203 cities of 24 provinces in China in 2015 and were test for antimicrobial susceptibility. Additionally, the role of the genes responsible for the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEA to SEE), methicillin resistance (mecA) and the toxigenic capabilities were also assessed. The results showed that 4.3% retail foods were contaminated with S. aureus, and 7.9% retail foods isolates were mecA positive. Some 97.6% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial compound, and 57.5% of these were multi drug resistant (MDR). Resistance to penicillin (83.7%, 963/1,150), was common, followed by linezolid (67.7%, 778/1,150) and erythromycin (52.1%, 599/1,150). The isolates cultured from raw meats showed high levels of resistant to tetracycline (42.8%), ciprofloxacin (17.4%), and chloramphenicol (12.0%) and expressed a MDR phenotype (62.4%). A total of 29.7% S. aureus isolates harbored the classical SEs genes (sea, seb, sec, and sed). The sea and seb genes were the most frequent SEs genes detected. Of note, 22% of the SEs genes positive S. aureus harbored two or three SEs genes, and 16 isolates were confirmed with the capacity to simultaneously produce two or three enterotoxin types. Moreover, nearly 50% of the MRSA isolates were positive for at least one SE gene in this study. Therefore, it is important to monitor the antimicrobial susceptibility and enterotoxigenicity of MDR S. aureus and MRSA in the food chain and to use these data to develop food safety measures, designed to reduce the contamination and transmission of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Cunshan Zhang
- Kuiwen District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Weifang, China
| | - Zixin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Séamus Fanning
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.,UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Aiguo Ma
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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Tripathi P, Upadhyay N, Nara S. Recent advancements in lateral flow immunoassays: A journey for toxin detection in food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1715-1734. [PMID: 28071928 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1276048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnology embraces various physical and chemical phenomena toward advancement of health diagnostics. Toward such advancement, detection of toxins plays an important role. Toxins produce severe health impacts on consumption with high mortality associated in acute cases. The most prominent route of infection and intoxication is through food matrices. Therefore, rapid detection of toxins at low concentrations is the need of modern diagnostics. Lateral flow immunoassays are one of the emergent and popularly used rapid detection technology developed for detecting various kinds of analytes. This review thus focuses on recent advancements in lateral flow immunoassays for detecting different toxins in agricultural food. Appropriate emphasis was given on how the labels, recognition elements, or detection strategy has laid an impact on improvement in immunochromatographic assays for toxins. The paper also discusses the gradual change in sensitivities and specificities of assays in accordance with the method of food processing used. The review concludes with the major challenges faced by this technology and provides an outlook and insight of ideas to improve it in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Tripathi
- a Department of Biotechnology , Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology , Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Neha Upadhyay
- a Department of Biotechnology , Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology , Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Seema Nara
- a Department of Biotechnology , Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology , Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh , India
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