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Sawant AM, Navale VD, Vamkudoth KR. Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Indigenous Penicillium chrysogenum/ rubens Strain Portfolio for Penicillin V Production. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1132. [PMID: 37317105 PMCID: PMC10221864 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta (β)-lactam antibiotic is an industrially important molecule produced by Penicillium chrysogenum/rubens. Penicillin is a building block for 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), an important active pharmaceutical intermediate (API) used for semi-synthetic antibiotics biosynthesis. In this investigation, we isolated and identified Penicillium chrysogenum, P. rubens, P. brocae, P. citrinum, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. sydowii, Talaromyces tratensis, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, P. oxalicum, and P. dipodomyicola using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the β-tubulin (BenA) gene for precise species identification from Indian origin. Furthermore, the BenA gene distinguished between complex species of P. chrysogenum and P. rubens to a certain extent which partially failed by the ITS region. In addition, these species were distinguished by metabolic markers profiled by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Secalonic acid, Meleagrin, and Roquefortine C were absent in P. rubens. The crude extract evaluated for PenV production by antibacterial activities by well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus NCIM-2079. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous detection of 6-APA, phenoxymethyl penicillin (PenV), and phenoxyacetic acid (POA). The pivotal objective was the development of an indigenous strain portfolio for PenV production. Here, a library of 80 strains of P. chrysogenum/rubens was screened for PenV production. Results showed 28 strains capable of producing PenV in a range from 10 to 120 mg/L when 80 strains were screened for its production. In addition, fermentation parameters, precursor concentration, incubation period, inoculum size, pH, and temperature were monitored for the improved PenV production using promising P. rubens strain BIONCL P45. In conclusion, P. chrysogenum/rubens strains can be explored for the industrial-scale PenV production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol M. Sawant
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; (A.M.S.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vishwambar D. Navale
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; (A.M.S.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Koteswara Rao Vamkudoth
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; (A.M.S.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Pakshir K, Kamali M, Nouraei H, Zomorodian K, Motamedi M, Mahmoodi M. Molecular characterization and antifungal activity against non-dermatophyte molds causing onychomycosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20736. [PMID: 34671053 PMCID: PMC8528813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a fungal disease that caused by different types of fungi. Non-dermatophyte molds are a large saprophytic fungi group that live in nature and could affect traumatic nails. The aim of this study was to identify non-dermatophyte molds causing onychomycosis and evaluation of several antifungal activities against the isolates. The samples consisted of 50 non-dermatophyte molds isolated from patients with onychomycosis confirmed by direct and culture examination fungal. DNA was extracted, amplified, and sequenced. Disk diffusion method was used to evaluate itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine, posaconazole, and econazole activity against the isolates. The species identified as: Aspergillus flavus 22 (44%), A. niger 12 (24%), A. fumigates, 3 (6%), A. sydowii 3 (6%), A. terreus 1 (2%), Penicillium commune 2 (4%), P. glabrum 2 (4%), P. chrysogenum, 1 (2%), Fusarium solani 3 (6%) and F. thapsinum 1 (2%). Most of the samples were sensitive to terbinafine, itraconazole, and econazole and 94% of the isolates were resistant to fluconazole. This study showed that Aspergillus species were the most common cause of non-dermatophyte mold onychomycosis and fluconazole was the most resistant antifungals. Care must be taken to choose the appropriate antifungal drug for a better cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mandana Kamali
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasti Nouraei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Mahmoodi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Naeimi B, Mohsenifard I, Ansari S, Sadeghzadeh F, Khamisipour G, Dobaradaran S, Faraji Ghasemi F, Ahmadi B. Phenotypic features and molecular study of airborne Penicillium species isolated in the northern part of the Persian Gulf, Bushehr, Iran. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 7:22-28. [PMID: 35028481 PMCID: PMC8740856 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.2.7035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The main environmental saprobes, such as Penicillium, play an essential role in natural ecosystems as economically, ecologically, and medically important microorganisms. Biodiversity of this genus has not been described in Bushehr city, Iran. The present study is based on air biodiversity of Penicillium species on culture-dependent approach and culture-independent technique using partial b-tubulin sequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS By using active sampling with a high volume air sampler, a total of 157 Penicillium isolates were selected and screened for phenotypic characters. For the purposes of the study, 46 strains representative of 11 morphological species were selected and identified by molecular analysis. RESULTS Based on the findings, P. crustosum (18 isolates, 39.1%) and P. chrysogenum (15 isolates, 32.6%) were the most common isolated species, followed by P. brevicompactum, P. rubens, P. citrinum, P. italicum (each 2 isolates, 4.3%), P. olsonii, P. expansum, P. griseofulvum, P. palitans, and P. polonicum (each 1 isolate, 2.1%). Except for P. chrysogenum and P. expansum with floccose colony texture, the rest of the isolated species had velutinous texture. CONCLUSION This is the first report in southern Iran to identify a large number of Penicillium strains isolated from air samples, showing P. crustosum and P. chrysogenum as the most common isolated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Naeimi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iman Mohsenifard
- The Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saham Ansari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sadeghzadeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Khamisipour
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faraji Ghasemi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Bahram Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Devoto TB, Alava KSH, Pola SJ, Pereda R, Rubeglio E, Finquelievich JL, Cuestas ML. Molecular epidemiology of Aspergillus species and other moulds in respiratory samples from Argentinean patients with cystic fibrosis. Med Mycol 2021; 58:867-873. [PMID: 31915834 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, fungal colonization of the respiratory tract is frequently found. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most frequently recorded and is associated with loss of pulmonary function and allergic disease (ABPA). The knowledge on prevalence rates of filamentous fungi in CF patients in Latin America is scarce. One hundred and seventy-six fungal isolates recovered from the upper respiratory tract of CF patients from Argentina were identified to species by morphology and DNA sequencing. In total, 90% of CF patients were colonized by Aspergillus sp., followed by Exophiala sp. (14%) and Scedosporium sp. (10%). Among Aspergillus, six species complexes (Fumigati, Flavi, Terrei, Nigri, Usti, and Nidulante) and different cryptospecies were found. Among Scedosporium, three species were observed (Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium aurantiacum and Scedosporium boydii). All Exophiala isolates were identified as Exophiala dermatitidis. Rare filamentous fungi were also found. All cases of ABPA were associated to the presence of A. fumigatus. Mixed colonization with other mould or rare fungi was observed in half of them. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study of mould species in CF using molecular methods in Latin America. This study shows that Aspergillus sp., E. dermatitidis and Scedosporium sp. have a high frequency in CF patients from Argentina, and by far, A. fumigatus was the most commonly cultured species. Continuous clinical surveillance is required to detect the emergence of new fungal pathogens and to detect resistant or difficult-to-treat species capable of chronic colonizing the airways and of hematogenous dissemination in case of lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Brito Devoto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Katherine Stefania Hermida Alava
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago J Pola
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosana Pereda
- Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde. Sección Microbiología. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Etelvina Rubeglio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge L Finquelievich
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L Cuestas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM). Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Asadi P, Mehravaran A, Soltanloo N, Abastabar M, Akhtari J. Nanoliposome-loaded antifungal drugs for dermal administration: A review. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 7:71-78. [PMID: 34553102 PMCID: PMC8443872 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.1.6247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous fungal infections are the fourth most common health problem, which involves approximately one billion people worldwide. Drug delivery to the skin seems to be the best choice for superficial fungal infections. Topical formulations can release a sufficient amount of drug in therapeutical concentrations and permeate higher layers of the skin like the stratum corneum. As the outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum prevents the drug from penetrating the skin. Liposomes, especially nanosized as topical drug delivery systems to the skin, can show various functions depending on their size, lipids and cholesterol components, the percent of ingredients, lamellarity, and surface charge. Nanoliposomes can increase permeation through the stratum corneum, decrease systemic effects with their localizing actions, and overcome many dermal drug delivery obstacles. Antifungal drugs, such as croconazole, econazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine hydrochloride, tolnaftate, and miconazole entrapped in liposomes have indicated improved skin penetration and localizing effects. According to the literature review summarized in this paper, many studies have identified liposomes as a powerful carrier for topical antifungal drug delivery to the skin. However, a few studies introduced new generations of liposomes like ethosomes and transfersomes. This paper was conducted on almost all liposomal studies of antifungal drugs with dermal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mehravaran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Nahid Soltanloo
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Center/Department of Medical mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Akhtari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Fernandez-Bunster G. Diversity, Phylogenetic Profiling of Genus Penicillium, and Their Potential Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Indole-derived chalcones as anti-dermatophyte agents: In vitro evaluation and in silico study. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 84:107189. [PMID: 31891900 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.107189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of indole-derived methoxylated chalcones were described as anti-dermatophyte agents. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing against different dermatophytes revealed that most of compounds had potent activity against the dermatophyte strains. In particular, the 4-ethoxy derivative 4d with MIC values of 0.25-2 μg/ml was the most potent compound against Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton veruccosum and Microsporum fulvum. Moreover, the 4-butoxy analog 4i displaying MIC values in the range of 1-16 μg/ml had the highest inhibitory activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, and Arthroderma benhamiae. To predict whether the synthesized compounds interact with tubulin binding site of dermatophytes, the 3D-structure of target protein was modeled by homology modeling and then used for molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. Docking simulation revealed that the promising compound 4d can properly bind with tubulin. The molecular dynamics analysis showed that interactions of compound 4d with the active site of target protein have binding stability throughout MD simulation. The results of this study could utilize in the design of more effective antifungal drugs with tubulin inhibition mechanism against keratinophilic fungi.
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Haghani I, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Dalimi Asl A, Shokohi T, Hedayati MT. Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility of clinical fungal isolates from onychomycosis (uncommon and emerging species). Mycoses 2018; 62:128-143. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Haghani
- Department of Mycology; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Abdolhossein Dalimi Asl
- Department of Medical Parasitology; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Department of Medical Mycology; Invasive Fungi Research Center; School of Medicine; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences; Sari Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Hedayati
- Department of Medical Mycology; Invasive Fungi Research Center; School of Medicine; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences; Sari Iran
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