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El Aila NA, Al Laham NA, Naas T. Prevalence of mecA and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates from Gaza Strip Hospitals. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1155. [PMID: 37317129 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are spreading worldwide in hospital and community settings, thus posing a serious public health problem. Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL), an important virulence factor of S. aureus, is a marker of community-acquired MRSA. Here we determined the prevalence of pvl genes among S. aureus isolates from different hospitals in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. A total of 285 S. aureus isolates were collected from five different hospitals in the Gaza Strip. All isolates were characterized for their susceptibility patterns to available antimicrobial agents and by using multiplex PCR for the detection of mecA and pvl genes. The overall prevalence of MRSA in Gaza hospitals was 70.2% (range: 76.3% to 65.5%) and that of pvl among S. aureus isolates was 29.8% (range: 32.9% to 26.2%). The pvl gene was equally prevalent among MRSA isolates (30.5%) and MSSA isolates (28.2%). The most effective antibiotics were rifampicin, vancomycin, and clindamycin, with susceptibility rates of 91.2%, 88.7%, and 84.6%, respectively. The highest percentage of strains were observed to be resistant to penicillin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid-96.1% and 73.6%, respectively. Our results showed a high prevalence of MRSA and pvl-positive isolates in Gaza Strip hospitals, which likely reflects the situation in the community. It is mandatory to implement systematic surveillance of both hospital and community isolates, together with interventions (such as increased hand hygiene, use of hydroalcoholic solutions, and isolation of carriers) to limit their spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Abdullah El Aila
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Al-Aqsa University Gaza, Gaza P.O. Box 405, Palestine
| | - Nahed Ali Al Laham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza P.O. Box 1277, Palestine
| | - Thierry Naas
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Team ReSIST, UMR1184, INSERM, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- French National Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistances, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Naji Hasan R, Abdal Kareem Jasim S. Detection of Panton- Valentine leukocidin and MecA Genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Iraqi Patients. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2021; 76:1054-1059. [PMID: 35096341 PMCID: PMC8790979 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.355962.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, which is widely distributed is considered as a bacterial infection that commonly infects the skin and mucous membranes. Such infections can be the cause of death and illness. In the present study by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and MecA genes of S. aureus which were isolated from skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in Baghdad, Iraq were investigated. This study included 96 S. aureus isolated from SSTIs and identified by Vitek. The results showed that 61 (63.5%) and 48 (50%) of the isolates were positive for PVL and MecA genes, respectively. This work presented an effective real-time PCR technique for detecting PVL genes alone or in conjunction with MecA. The rt-PCR allows for easier reaction monitoring and eliminates the need for post-PCR processing, saving both resources and time. Moreover, it is ideal for diagnostic applications because of its high sensitivity, simplicity, and specificity. Besides, the rt-PCR has an option to do all the procedures in an automated mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Naji Hasan
- Biotechnology and Environmental Center, University of Fallujah, Al-Fallujah, Iraq
| | - S Abdal Kareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Anbar, Iraq
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Luo K, Shao F, Kamara KN, Chen S, Zhang R, Duan G, Yang H. Molecular characteristics of antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants of Staphylococcus aureus isolates derived from clinical infection and food. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22456. [PMID: 29676483 PMCID: PMC6817080 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important human etiologic agent. An investigation of the characteristics of common genotypes of S. aureus relating to pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance may provide a foundation to prevent infection. METHODS This study collected 275 S. aureus isolates from Zhengzhou city in China, including 148 isolates from patient samples and 127 isolates from ready-to-eat food samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth dilution method. Molecular characteristics of antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS In total, 34.18% (94/275) of S. aureus isolates were MRSA. Compared with food isolates, clinical isolates had significantly higher antibiotic resistance rates, carrying resistance genes such as acc(6')/aph(2'), aph(3')-III, ermA, and ermB and virulence genes such as tetM, sea, seb, pvl, and etb. MRSA-t030-agrI-SCCmecIII and MSSA-t002-agrII were the most common strain types among clinical strains, and MRSA-t002-agrII-SCCmecIII and MSSA-t002-agrII were the most common strain types among food strains. Additionally, some strains in the agr group were also spa type-specific, suggesting that there may be phenotypic consistency. CONCLUSION Clinical isolates contained higher numbers of resistance genes and demonstrated higher antibiotic resistance, while 2 source strains exhibited high toxicity. These results indicate that bacteria with different origins may have undergone different evolutionary processes. As resistance and virulence factors in food bacteria can be transmitted to humans, food handlers should strictly follow hygienic measures during food production to ensure the safety of human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Luo
- Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Fuye Shao
- Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Kadijatu N. Kamara
- Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenanChina
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenanChina
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Monistero V, Graber HU, Pollera C, Cremonesi P, Castiglioni B, Bottini E, Ceballos-Marquez A, Lasso-Rojas L, Kroemker V, Wente N, Petzer IM, Santisteban C, Runyan J, Veiga Dos Santos M, Alves BG, Piccinini R, Bronzo V, Abbassi MS, Said MB, Moroni P. Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bovine Mastitis in Eight Countries: Genotypes, Detection of Genes Encoding Different Toxins and Other Virulence Genes. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10060247. [PMID: 29914197 PMCID: PMC6024761 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10060247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is recognized worldwide as one of the major agents of dairy cow intra-mammary infections. This microorganism can express a wide spectrum of pathogenic factors used to attach, colonize, invade and infect the host. The present study evaluated 120 isolates from eight different countries that were genotyped by RS-PCR and investigated for 26 different virulence factors to increase the knowledge on the circulating genetic lineages among the cow population with mastitis. New genotypes were observed for South African strains while for all the other countries new variants of existing genotypes were detected. For each country, a specific genotypic pattern was found. Among the virulence factors, fmtB, cna, clfA and leucocidins genes were the most frequent. The sea and sei genes were present in seven out of eight countries; seh showed high frequency in South American countries (Brazil, Colombia, Argentina), while sel was harboured especially in one Mediterranean country (Tunisia). The etb, seb and see genes were not detected in any of the isolates, while only two isolates were MRSA (Germany and Italy) confirming the low diffusion of methicillin resistance microorganism among bovine mastitis isolates. This work demonstrated the wide variety of S. aureus genotypes found in dairy cattle worldwide. This condition suggests that considering the region of interest might help to formulate strategies for reducing the infection spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Monistero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Hans Ulrich Graber
- Agroscope, Research Division, Food Microbial Systems, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Pollera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - Bianca Castiglioni
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - Enriqueta Bottini
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia Clinica y Experimental, Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Medicina Preventiva SAMP/CIVENTAN, Becaria CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV, UNCPBA), Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Campus Universitario, CP 7000 Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro Ceballos-Marquez
- Laboratorio de Calidad de Leche y Epidemiología Veterinaria (Grupo CLEV), Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 #26-10, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia.
| | - Laura Lasso-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Calidad de Leche y Epidemiología Veterinaria (Grupo CLEV), Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 #26-10, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia.
| | - Volker Kroemker
- Bioprocess Engineering-Faculty II, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Microbiology Heisterbergallee 12, 30453 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Nicole Wente
- Bioprocess Engineering-Faculty II, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Microbiology Heisterbergallee 12, 30453 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Inge-Marie Petzer
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, M35, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
| | - Carlos Santisteban
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Jeff Runyan
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Marcos Veiga Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga-SP 13635900, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Gomes Alves
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga-SP 13635900, Brazil.
| | - Renata Piccinini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Tunisian Institute of Veterinary Research, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia.
| | - Meriam Ben Said
- Tunisian Institute of Veterinary Research, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia.
| | - Paolo Moroni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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Wang D, Zhang L, Yong C, Shen M, Ali T, Shahid M, Han K, Zhou X, Han B. Relationships among superantigen toxin gene profiles, genotypes, and pathogenic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4276-4286. [PMID: 28434738 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major etiological agents of bovine mastitis, harboring a wide variety of staphylococcal superantigen (SAg) toxin genes. The SAg toxin genes are reported to be closely associated with the pathogenicity of the Staph. aureus causing the bovine mastitis. This study was conducted to investigate SAg toxin gene profiles and to assess the relationships among SAg toxin genes, genotypes of Staph. aureus, and their pathogenic properties. A total of 327 quarter milk samples were collected from bovine mastitis cases for isolation and identification of pathogens. In total, 35 isolates were identified as Staph. aureus, and the prevalence of Staph. aureus in milk samples was 13.6% (35/256). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays were used to detect the SAg toxin genes and to genotype Staph. aureus strains isolated from milk samples of bovine mastitis in 10 dairy herds located in Ningxia, China, respectively. The results showed that among the Staph. aureus isolates (n = 35), 71.4% (n = 25) of isolates carried at least one SAg toxin gene. In total, 18 SAg genes and 21 different gene combination patterns were detected among these isolates. The most common SAg genes in Staph. aureus isolates were sei, sen, and seu (44.0% each), followed by seo, tst, and etB (28.0% each), etA (24.0%), sem and sep (16.0% each), seb, sec, sed, and sek (12.0% each), and sea and seh genes (8.0% each); the seg, sej, and ser genes were present in 4.0% of the isolates. Three gene combinations were found to be related to mobile genetic elements that carried 2 or more genes. The egc-cluster of the seg-sei-sem-sen-seo genes, located on the pathogenicity island Type I υSaβ, was detected in 16% of isolates. Interestingly, we observed 6 RAPD genotypes (I to VI) in Staph. aureus isolates, and 2 of these genotypes were strongly associated with the severity of bovine mastitis; there was a close relationship between the RAPD genotypes and SAg genes. Isolates of RAPD type III were more frequently associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis, whereas strains of type VI were mostly related to subclinical mastitis. In addition, SAg genes were related to severity of bovine mastitis. We conclude that an obvious relationship exists among RAPD genotypes, SAg toxin genes, and severity of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changfu Yong
- Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center of Shapotou District, Zhongwei, Ningxia 755000, China
| | - Mingliang Shen
- Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Shizuishan, Shizuishan, Ningxia 753000, China
| | - Tariq Ali
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kun Han
- Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xuezhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Bo Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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