1
|
Gavrila AI, Zalaru CM, Tatia R, Seciu-Grama AM, Negrea CL, Calinescu I, Chipurici P, Trifan A, Popa I. Green Extraction Techniques of Phytochemicals from Hedera helix L. and In Vitro Characterization of the Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3908. [PMID: 38005806 PMCID: PMC10675592 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Hedera helix L. contains phytochemicals with good biological properties which are beneficial to human health and can be used to protect plants against different diseases. The aim of this research was to find the most suitable extraction method and the most favorable parameters for the extraction of different bioactive compounds from ivy leaves. Different extraction methods, namely microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and conventional heating extraction (CHE), were used. The most suitable method for the extraction of saponins is MAE with an extraction efficiency of 58%, while for carbohydrates and polyphenols, the best results were achieved via UAE with an extraction efficiency of 61.7% and 63.5%, respectively. The antioxidant activity (AA) of the extracts was also determined. The highest AA was obtained via UAE (368.98 ± 9.01 µmol TR/gDM). Better results were achieved at 50 °C for 10 min of extraction, using 80% ethanol in water as solvent. In order to evaluate their in vitro cytotoxicity, the extracts richest in bioactive compounds were tested on NCTC fibroblasts. Their influence on the DNA content of RAW 264.7 murine macrophages was also tested. Until 200 µg/mL, the extracts obtained via UAE and MAE were cytocompatible with NCTC fibroblasts at 48 h of treatment. Summarizing the above, both MAE and UAE can be employed as green and efficient methods for producing extracts rich in bioactive compounds, exhibiting strong antioxidant properties and good noncytotoxic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adina I. Gavrila
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.G.); (C.L.N.); (I.C.); (P.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Christina M. Zalaru
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Rodica Tatia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (R.T.); (A.-M.S.-G.)
| | - Ana-Maria Seciu-Grama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (R.T.); (A.-M.S.-G.)
| | - Cristina L. Negrea
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.G.); (C.L.N.); (I.C.); (P.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Ioan Calinescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.G.); (C.L.N.); (I.C.); (P.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Petre Chipurici
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.G.); (C.L.N.); (I.C.); (P.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Adrian Trifan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.G.); (C.L.N.); (I.C.); (P.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Ioana Popa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.I.G.); (C.L.N.); (I.C.); (P.C.); (A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chakroborty A, Pritchard DR, Bouillon ME, Cervi A, Kraehenbuehl R, Wild C, Fenn C, Holdsworth P, Capner C, Padalino G, Forde-Thomas JE, Payne J, Smith BG, Fisher M, Lahmann M, Baird MS, Hoffmann KF. Modified Hederagenin Derivatives Demonstrate Ex Vivo Anthelmintic Activity against Fasciola hepatica. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1869. [PMID: 37514055 PMCID: PMC10385850 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) causes fasciolosis (or fascioliasis) and poses a considerable economic as well as welfare burden to both the agricultural and animal health sectors. Here, we explore the ex vivo anthelmintic potential of synthetic derivatives of hederagenin, isolated in bulk from Hedera helix. Thirty-six compounds were initially screened against F. hepatica newly excysted juveniles (NEJs) of the Italian strain. Eleven of these compounds were active against NEJs and were selected for further study, using adult F. hepatica derived from a local abattoir (provenance unknown). From these eleven compounds, six demonstrated activity and were further assessed against immature liver flukes of the Italian strain. Subsequently, the most active compounds (n = 5) were further evaluated in ex vivo dose response experiments against adult Italian strain liver flukes. Overall, MC042 was identified as the most active molecule and the EC50 obtained from immature and adult liver fluke assays (at 24 h post co-culture) are estimated as 1.07 μM and 13.02 μM, respectively. When compared to the in vitro cytotoxicity of MDBK bovine cell line, MC042 demonstrated the highest anthelmintic selectivity (44.37 for immature and 3.64 for adult flukes). These data indicate that modified hederagenins display properties suitable for further investigations as candidate flukicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Chakroborty
- The Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | | | - Marc E Bouillon
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Anna Cervi
- Naturiol Bangor Ltd., MSParc, Gaerwen, Anglesey LL60 6AG, UK
| | | | - Charlotte Wild
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
| | - Caroline Fenn
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
| | - Peter Holdsworth
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
- PAH Consultancy Pty Ltd., 3/27 Gaunson Crescent, Wanniassa, Canberra 2903, Australia
| | - Colin Capner
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
| | - Gilda Padalino
- The Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | | | - Joseph Payne
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
| | - Brendan G Smith
- Bimeda UK, Bryn Cefni Industrial Estate, Unit 2A, Llangefni LL77 7XA, UK
| | - Maggie Fisher
- Ridgeway Research Limited, Park Farm Buildings, Park Lane, St. Briavels, Gloucestershire GL15 6QX, UK
| | - Martina Lahmann
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Hälsovägen 11, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mark S Baird
- Naturiol Bangor Ltd., MSParc, Gaerwen, Anglesey LL60 6AG, UK
| | - Karl F Hoffmann
- The Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Saponins from Hedera helix L. and an In Vitro Biocompatibility Evaluation of the Extracts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101197. [PMID: 36297309 PMCID: PMC9609769 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the best ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of saponins from Hedera helix L. leaves and to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of the extracts richest in saponins. Different parameters, such as extraction time, temperature, ultrasound power, solvent to plant material ratio, and solvent concentration, were investigated. The most efficient extraction conditions were a temperature of 50 °C, an ultrasound amplitude of 40%, an extraction time of 60 min, a plant material to solvent ratio of 1:20 (w:v), and 80% ethanol as solvent. In vitro cytotoxicity of the extracts richest in saponins and their influence on the DNA content of L929 (NCTC) fibroblasts were tested. Until 200 µg/mL, the studied extracts were cytocompatible with L929 fibroblast cell lines at 48 h of treatment. These in vitro cell culture results provide useful information for further applications of Hedera helix extracts in a pharmaceutical field.
Collapse
|
4
|
Anderson O, Beckett J, Briggs CC, Natrass LA, Cranston CF, Wilkinson EJ, Owen JH, Mir Williams R, Loukaidis A, Bouillon ME, Pritchard D, Lahmann M, Baird MS, Denny PW. An investigation of the antileishmanial properties of semi-synthetic saponins. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:833-842. [PMID: 33479679 PMCID: PMC7651632 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00123f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by insect-vector borne protozoan parasites of the, Leishmania species. Whilst infection threatens and affects millions of the global poor, vaccines are absent and drug therapy limited. Extensive efforts have recently been made to discover new leads from small molecule synthetic compound libraries held by industry; however, the number of new chemical entities identified and entering development as anti-leishmanials has been very low. This has led to increased interest in the possibility of discovering naturally derived compounds with potent antileishmanial activity which may be developed towards clinical applications. Plant-derived triterpenoid and steroidal saponins have long been considered as anti-microbials and here we describe an investigation of a library of 137 natural (9) and semi-synthetic saponins (128) for activity against Leishmania mexicana, a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The triterpenoid sapogenin, hederagenin, readily obtained in large quantities from Hedera helix (common ivy), was converted into a range of 128 derivatives. These semi-synthetic compounds, as well as saponins isolated from ivy, were examined with a phenotypic screening approach to identify potent and selective anti-leishmanial hits. This led to the identification of 12 compounds, including the natural saponin gypsogenin, demonstrating high potency (ED50 < 10.5 μM) against axenic L. mexicana amastigotes, the mammalian pathogenic form. One of these, hederagenin disuccinate, was sufficiently non-toxic to the macrophage host cell to facilitate further analyses, selectivity index (SI) > 10. Whilst this was not active in an infected cell model, the anti-leishmanial properties of hederagenin-derivatives have been demonstrated, and the possibility of improving the selectivity of natural hederagenin through chemical modification has been established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orlagh Anderson
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Global Infectious Diseases , Durham University , Stockton Road , Durham , DH1 3LE , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 3343983
| | - Joseph Beckett
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Global Infectious Diseases , Durham University , Stockton Road , Durham , DH1 3LE , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 3343983
| | - Carla C Briggs
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Global Infectious Diseases , Durham University , Stockton Road , Durham , DH1 3LE , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 3343983
| | - Liam A Natrass
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Global Infectious Diseases , Durham University , Stockton Road , Durham , DH1 3LE , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 3343983
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Global Infectious Diseases , Durham University , Stockton Road , Durham , DH1 3LE , UK
| | - Charles F Cranston
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Global Infectious Diseases , Durham University , Stockton Road , Durham , DH1 3LE , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 3343983
| | - Elizabeth J Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry , School of Natural Science , Bangor University , Gwynedd LL57 2UW , UK
| | - Jack H Owen
- Department of Chemistry , School of Natural Science , Bangor University , Gwynedd LL57 2UW , UK
| | - Rhodri Mir Williams
- Department of Chemistry , School of Natural Science , Bangor University , Gwynedd LL57 2UW , UK
| | - Angelos Loukaidis
- Department of Chemistry , School of Natural Science , Bangor University , Gwynedd LL57 2UW , UK
| | - Marc E Bouillon
- Department of Chemistry , School of Natural Science , Bangor University , Gwynedd LL57 2UW , UK
| | - Deiniol Pritchard
- Naturiol Bangor Ltd , Alun Roberts Building , Bangor University , Gwynedd LL57 2UW , UK
| | - Martina Lahmann
- Department of Chemistry , School of Natural Science , Bangor University , Gwynedd LL57 2UW , UK
| | - Mark S Baird
- Naturiol Bangor Ltd , Alun Roberts Building , Bangor University , Gwynedd LL57 2UW , UK
| | - Paul W Denny
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Global Infectious Diseases , Durham University , Stockton Road , Durham , DH1 3LE , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)191 3343983
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zazharskyi VV, Davydenko PО, Kulishenko OМ, Borovik IV, Brygadyrenko VV. Antibacterial and fungicidal activities of ethanol extracts from Cotinus coggygria, Rhus typhina, R. trilobata, Toxicodendron orientale, Hedera helix, Aralia elata, Leptopus chinensis and Mahonia aquifolium. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for promising plants with bactericidal and fungicidal activity is of great interest for practical and veterinary medicine, This article reveals the high antibacterial effect of the use of ethanol extracts from 8 species of plants of the families Anacardiaceae (Cotinus coggygria Scop., Rhus typhina L., Rhus trilobata Nutt. and Toxicodendron orientale Greene), Araliaceae (Hedera helix Linnaeus and Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem.), Phyllanthaceae (Leptopus chinensis (Bunge) Pojark.), Berberidaceae (Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt.) against 23 strains of bacteria and one strain of fungi. The in vitro experiment revealed the zone of inhibition of growth of colonies exceeding 8 mm during the application of ethanol extracts of C. coggygria against twelve species of microorganisms (Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Listeria ivanovi, Corynebacterium xerosis, Rhodococcus equi, Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Serratia marcescens and Candida albicans), Rhus typhina – against twelve species (E. faecalis, E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, L. ivanovi, C. xerosis, Rh. equi, P. vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, S. adobraco, S. marcescens and C. albicans), Rhus trilobata – against fourteen (E. faecalis, E. сoli, S. аureus, S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, B. cereus, L. ivanovi, C. xerosis, Rh. equi, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Рseudomonas аeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica and C. albicans), Toxicodendron orientale – against eleven (E. faecalis, S. аureus, L. іnnocua, C. xerosis, Campylobacter jejuni, Rh. equi, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Р. аeruginosa and C. albicans), Hedera helix – against seven (S. аureus, S. epidermidis, L. monocytogenes, C. jejuni, Rh. equi, P. vulgaris and C. albicans), Aralia elata – against nine (E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus, C. xerosis, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, S. typhimurium, S. marcescens and C. albicans), Leptopus chinensis – only against four (E. coli, S. epidermidis, B. cereus and P. mirabilis) and Mahonia aquifolium – against only three species (S. epidermidis, C. jejuni and P. vulgaris). As a result of the research, the most promising for studying in future regarding in vivo antibacterial activity were determined to be C. coggygria, Rhus typhina, R. trilobata, Toxicodendron orientale and Aralia elata.
Collapse
|
6
|
Soosaraei M, Fakhar M, Hosseini Teshnizi S, Ziaei Hezarjaribi H, Banimostafavi ES. Medicinal plants with promising antileishmanial activity in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 21:63-80. [PMID: 28794869 PMCID: PMC5536386 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate medicinal plants with anti-Leishmania activity which used in Iran. METHODS Data were systematically gathered from five English databases including Ebsco, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, four Persian databases including Magiran, Iran doc, Iran medex and the Scientific Information Database (SID) from 1999 to April 2015. Information obtained included plant family, extraction method, concentrations of extracts, animal models and parasite strains. RESULTS A total of 68 articles including 188 experiments (140 in vitro and 48 in vivo) between 1999 and 2015, met our eligibility criteria. Thoroughly, 98 types of plants were examined against three genera of Leishmania spp. For the heterogeneity study conducted, it was showed that there was a great deal of variation among studies. Based on random effect, meta-analysis pooled mean of IC50 was obtained 456.64 (95% CI: 396.15, 517.12). CONCLUSION The most Iranian plants used as anti-leishmanial activity were Artemisia species, Allium sativum, Achilleamille folium, Peganum harmala and Thymus vulgaris. The present systematic and meta-analysis review provide valuable information about natural products with anti-Leishmania activity, which would be examined in the future experimental and clinical trials and herbal combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Soosaraei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
In Vitro Antileishmanial Activity of Falcaria vulgaris Fractions on Leishmania major. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.63754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
8
|
Abbasifar A, Ghani S, Ahsani Irvani M, Rafiee B, Valizade Kaji B, Akbari A. Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using Extracts of Hedera helix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17795/zjrms-5920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
Ghaffarpasand F, Akbarzadeh A, Heiran HR, Karimi AA, Akbarzadeh A, Ghobadifar MA. Effect of Topical Morphine on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Animal Model: A Preliminary Report. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e24402. [PMID: 27437123 PMCID: PMC4939412 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.24402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Pentavalent antimonials remain the choice of treatment for leishmaniasis, despite their toxicity, high cost, and difficult administration. As an alternative, morphine may induce the healing process of cutaneous leishmaniasis by its immunoregulatory characteristics. Objectives To study the effect of morphine on the wound-healing process of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in a mouse model. Materials and Methods This was an experimental study in which 40 BALB/c mice (female, 6 - 8 weeks) were divided into four groups (each n = 10) who received either placebo alone (group 1), morphine ointment after parasite inoculation (group 2), morphine ointment after wound occurrence (group 3), or placebo after wound occurrence (group 4). Wound size was measured weekly for eight weeks. Results On the first day of treatment, the lesions measured ~1.5 mm in diameter. After eight weeks of treatment, the wound size was significantly smaller in the mice who received morphine ointment (4.81 ± 3.22 mm) compared to those who received placebo after parasite inoculation (8.95 ± 5.71 mm; P = 0.0001) or placebo after wound occurrence (P = 0.028). Conclusions The above data suggest that topical application of morphine accelerates the healing process of CL wounds. We are cautiously optimistic that the results of this study can be used clinically for potentiating CL wound-healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Afsoon Akbarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Afsoon Akbarzadeh, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7112122970, Fax: +98-7112122970, E-mail:
| | - Hamid Reza Heiran
- Autoimmune Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Karimi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Armin Akbarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mirzaei F, Bafghi AF, Mohaghegh MA, Jaliani HZ, Faridnia R, Kalani H. In vitro anti-leishmanial activity of Satureja hortensis and Artemisia dracunculus extracts on Leishmania major promastigotes. J Parasit Dis 2016; 40:1571-1574. [PMID: 27876985 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-015-0730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the important skin diseases with diverse clinical manifestations. With an incidence of 0.7-1.3 million cases annually, this disease is often reported from six countries, including Iran. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-leishmanial effect of the three plant hydroalcoholic extracts including fleawort (Plantago psyllium L.), savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) on Leishmania major promastigotes. The hydroalcoholic extract from each plant was extracted and its anti-leishmanial effect was evaluated in different concentrations (100-1000 µg/ml) and at various hours (24, 48 and 72 h). Savory herb inhibitory concentration 50 % (IC50) at 24, 48 and 72 h was 790.81, 398.11 and 298.42 µg/ml, respectively. In addition, tarragon herb IC50 at 24, 48 and 72 h was 962.03, 688.36 and 585.51 µg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the fleawort extract was showed the lowest effect, considering that its effect at the concentration of 1000 µg/ml was 48 % after 72 h (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the statistical analysis showed a significant difference for interaction between concentration and time regarding the tarragon and savory extracts with a P value of lower than 0.05. According to the results, the anti-leishmanial effect of the tarragon and savory extracts may make it possible to use them in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis as a complementary or alternative therapy; however, further studies are necessary and should be evaluated in cell culture and in vivo conditions to confirm it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Mirzaei
- Faculty of Para-Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Fattahi Bafghi
- Medical Parasitology and Mycology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohaghegh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Zarei Jaliani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Roghiyeh Faridnia
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Kalani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|